Question 1

Contingency-based self-management involves having persons

Accepted Answer

Contingency-based self-management involves individuals tracking their own behavior and receiving consequences based on that behavior. This approach empowers individuals to take responsibility for their actions and emphasizes personal accountability. The other choices involve external factors or relying on others, which is not the core principle of contingency-based self-management.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about Ritalin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that Ritalin is not effective for about 30% of people who take it. Option A is incorrect as research on Ritalin's effectiveness is mixed. Option C is also not true, as Ritalin can have side effects such as decreased appetite, insomnia, and mood changes. Option D is not supported by research and is a common myth about ADHD medications.

Question 3

In one of the Video Examples,a teacher describes what her school did to integrate students with ADHD into the school.She stated that what was key was the overall school policy of

Accepted Answer

The teacher stated that the overall school policy of structure, discipline, and explicit expectations and instructions regarding student behavior was key in integrating students with ADHD into the school. This suggests that this policy helped to provide a supportive and structured environment that was beneficial to these students.

Question 4

The National Institute of Health recommends all of the following for students with ADHD EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The National Institute of Health recommends all of the other options, including maintaining a consistent schedule, using praise when rules are followed, and using organizers for homework and notebooks. However, there is no recommendation for a strong emphasis on student-directed learning specifically for students with ADHD.

Question 5

The classic "Marshmallow Experiment" and follow-up studies demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

The classic "Marshmallow Experiment" and follow-up studies demonstrated that delay of gratification by young children was related to several negative outcomes in adulthood, such as lower SAT scores, poorer health, and lower levels of self-control.

Question 6

Research has documented that adults with ADHD are prone to engage in

Accepted Answer

Research supports that individuals with ADHD often engage in mind wandering, which is characterized by a person's attention shifting from the task at hand to unrelated thoughts or internal stimuli. This is one of the key symptoms of ADHD and can lead to difficulty with completing tasks and staying focused. Self-stimulation (choice B) and self-denigration (choice C) are not common symptoms of ADHD, and mindfulness on their own (choice D) may be challenging for individuals with ADHD due to their tendency towards distractibility.

Question 7

In this model of co-teaching,the two teachers split the class into two groups and teach the same content to a smaller group of students.

Accepted Answer

This model is called Parallel Teaching, where two teachers split the class into two groups and teach the same content to a smaller group of students simultaneously. This model allows for increased individual attention and participation from students, as well as opportunities for small group discussion and collaboration.

Question 8

The negative social status experienced by students with ADHD is

Accepted Answer

The negative social status experienced by students with ADHD is usually long lasting. Studies show that children with untreated ADHD struggle with peer relationships and can experience rejection, isolation, and negative feedback from their peers. These social difficulties can persist into adulthood if left unaddressed.

Question 9

Determining the antecedents,consequences,and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviors is called

Accepted Answer

Functional behavioral assessment involves identifying the antecedents (what happens before the behavior), consequences (what happens after the behavior), and setting events (factors that make the behavior more or less likely to occur) that maintain inappropriate behaviors. This information is then used to create an intervention plan to address those factors and replace the inappropriate behavior with a more appropriate one. Choices B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of this process.

Question 10

All of the following are ways that people with ADHD can exhibit problems with executive function EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Difficulty telling right from wrong is not typically associated with ADHD and is not considered a problem with executive function. The other options listed (difficulty with working memory, inhibitory control, and mental flexibility) are common executive function deficits experienced by those with ADHD.

Question 11

According to the National Institute of Mental Health,all of the following are recommendations for teaching children with ADHD EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Taking advantage of a child's fear of punishment is not recommended as a teaching strategy for children with ADHD as punishment can exacerbate their symptoms and negatively impact their self-esteem. The other options listed (following a consistent routine, organization, and clear rules) are all recommended strategies for teaching children with ADHD.

Question 12

All of the following are suggestions for teaching students with ADHD EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

This suggestion is inaccurate as "thinking aloud" can actually be helpful for some students with ADHD as it models how to approach and solve problems. Therefore, all of the other choices (A, B, and C) are helpful suggestions for teaching students with ADHD.

Question 13

All of the following are examples of behavioral inhibition EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Behavioral inhibition refers to the ability to control one's impulses and delay gratification in order to achieve long-term goals. Option C, working for immediate gratification, is the opposite of behavioral inhibition as it involves prioritizing short-term rewards over long-term goals. Options A, B, and D all involve the ability to control one's behavior and delay gratification, which are examples of behavioral inhibition.

Question 14

In contingency-based self-management,the "contingency" is usually a type of

Accepted Answer

In contingency-based self-management, the contingency typically involves a reward. This means that a desired behavior is reinforced by providing a positive consequence or reward, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. Punishment and aversives are not typically used in contingency-based self-management. Contracts may be used in some cases, but are not necessarily a defining feature of this approach.

Question 15

ADHD has been shown to often coexist with each of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

ADHD has been shown to often coexist with learning disabilities, emotional or behavioral disorders, and substance abuse. However, while some individuals with ADHD may also have high intellectual abilities, ADHD does not necessarily coexist with giftedness in all cases.

Question 16

In Video Example 7.2,Hallahan states that his research showed that self-monitoring of attention was most useful for

Accepted Answer

In Video Example 7.2, Hallahan states that his research showed that self-monitoring of attention was most useful for math seatwork.

Question 17

An area of deficits that has traditionally been associated with persons with intellectual disabilities but is beginning to be of interest with respect to persons with ADHD is

Accepted Answer

Adaptive behavior skills refer to a person's ability to function independently in daily life activities such as communication, self-care, socialization, and problem-solving. Individuals with ADHD may struggle with some of these skills, therefore, identifying and addressing deficits in adaptive behavior is important in treatment and interventions. While the other options may also be areas of concern for some individuals with ADHD or intellectual disabilities, adaptive behavior skills are particularly relevant for individuals with ADHD.

Question 18

A teacher sets up a machine that beeps at random intervals;research has demonstrated that,if students check "yes" or "no" in answer to whether they were paying attention when the beeper beeps,

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that if students check "yes" or "no" in answer to whether they were paying attention when the beeper beeps, their actual attention will improve. This is because the act of paying attention to the beeps and consciously acknowledging whether or not they were paying attention can serve as a form of metacognition, helping students become more aware of their own attentional processes and, in turn, improving their ability to sustain attention over time. This effect has been demonstrated across a range of learners, not just auditory-learners, making option D incorrect. Option A is also incorrect as there is no evidence that answering the beeper decreases self-determination skills. Option B is also incorrect as research has not shown that the beeps themselves are a distraction.

Question 19

The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are

Accepted Answer

Psychostimulants are the most frequently prescribed medication for students with ADHD. These medications increase alertness, attention, and energy levels by increasing the activity of certain chemicals in the brain. Examples of psychostimulants include Adderall, Ritalin, and Concerta.

Question 20

Compared to students with other disabilities,students with ADHD

Accepted Answer

Students with ADHD tend to have difficulty with social interactions and may be seen as disruptive by their peers. They may struggle with controlling impulses and following social norms, leading to negative reactions from others. Research has found that students with ADHD are more likely to be disliked by their peers and have fewer close friends.

Quiz 7: Learners With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder