Question 1

When we make our memories consistent with our current beliefs or attitudes,we are experiencing
A) persistence.
B) memory bias.
C) memory misattribution.
D) suggestibility.

Accepted Answer

Memory bias refers to the tendency to interpret or recall information in a way that aligns with our current beliefs or attitudes. This can lead to inaccuracies in our memories, as we may unintentionally alter them to be consistent with what we currently believe or feel. Persistence, memory misattribution, and suggestibility are all different types of memory errors that may occur independently of memory bias.

Question 2

Amanda is telling Connie about a movie she saw last night,when Connie asks who starred in the movie.Amanda gets frustrated because she cannot think of the actor's name,even though she can describe the actor and list other movies in which he has starred.Amanda is most likely experiencing
A) suggestibility.
B) change blindness.
C) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is the experience of knowing the information but not being able to recall it. In this case, Amanda can describe the actor and list other movies in which he has starred, but cannot recall his name, which is a typical example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Question 3

You vividly remember where you were when you heard about the Boston Marathon bombing.What you remember is a(n)________ memory and you are likely to be ________ a memory for an ordinary event.
A) flashbulb; more confident about it than
B) flashbulb; as confident about it as
C) implicit; more confident about it than
D) implicit; as confident about it as

Accepted Answer

The question describes a vivid and emotional memory of a traumatic event, which is characteristic of a flashbulb memory. Research suggests that people are more confident about the details of flashbulb memories than ordinary autobiographical memories. Thus, the best choice is A) flashbulb; more confident about it than.

Question 4

Inattention and the shallow encoding of events can often result in ________,which leads to forgetting.
A) absentmindedness
B) suggestibility
C) persistence
D) blocking

Accepted Answer

Inattention and shallow encoding of events are characteristics of absentmindedness. Absentmindedness can lead to forgetting, as attention plays a crucial role in the transfer of information into long-term memory. Suggestibility, persistence, and blocking are other factors that can lead to forgetting, but they are not directly related to inattention and shallow encoding of events.

Question 5

Carson tries to convince his instructor to give the final exam in the same room where the class is held because he learned that it would improve his chances of getting a better grade.Which memory concept is Carson using?
A) state-dependent memory
B) context-dependent memory
C) flashbulb memory
D) episodic memory

Accepted Answer

Carson is using context-dependent memory, which refers to the phenomenon where recall is easier when the context in which information was learned matches the context in which it is being retrieved. By asking for the exam to be held in the same room, Carson is hoping to improve his chances of recalling the information he learned during the course.

Question 6

Laden has a memory of getting a teddy bear at a childhood birthday party.However,she cannot remember who gave it to her or at which birthday she received it.Laden is experiencing
A) cryptomnesia.
B) misattribution.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) anterograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Laden is experiencing misattribution because she remembers the event but cannot correctly attribute the source or timing of the memory. Cryptomnesia involves unconsciously plagiarizing someone else's work, while retrograde amnesia involves the inability to recall past memories, and anterograde amnesia involves the inability to form new memories after an event.

Question 7

You are working on a crossword puzzle.Even though you know the answer to a question,you cannot remember the actual word.You remember the shape of the word,the first letter of the word,and other related words and ideas,but cannot remember the word itself.You are experiencing
A) suggestibility.
B) change blindness.
C) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is the experience of knowing the meaning of a word but being unable to recall it. This often involves remembering certain details about the word, such as its first letter or its general shape, but not the word itself. This is a common experience and is not associated with suggestibility, change blindness, or absentmindedness.

Question 8

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college.You have trouble learning Portuguese because of the Spanish you learned in high school.This effect is most likely due to
A) anterograde amnesia.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when older information (Spanish) interferes with the learning of new information (Portuguese).

Question 9

Shazia describes a made-up story to Ronald in vivid detail about a time that they got into serious trouble as young children.Later on,Ronald remembers the event even though it never actually happened.Ronald is most likely experiencing
A) persistence.
B) a false memory.
C) blocking.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Ronald is experiencing a false memory, which is a type of memory distortion where a person remembers an event that never actually occurred. In this case, Shazia's vivid description of the made-up story may have led Ronald to create a false memory of the event.

Question 10

Yu vividly remembers the day her husband surprised her with an emotional and dramatic marriage proposal.Research suggests that this ________ memory is ________ ordinary memories.
A) semantic; more accurate than
B) semantic; as accurate as
C) flashbulb; less accurate than
D) flashbulb; as accurate as

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are vivid and detailed memories of significant events, but research suggests they are not necessarily more accurate than ordinary memories.

Question 11

When Karl was a child,he loved to sit in his grandmother's kitchen watching her cook Italian food.Now,whenever he smells Italian food,he instantly remembers those childhood times.For Karl,the smell of Italian food is a ________ for memories about his grandmother.
A) retrieval cue
B) state-dependent cue
C) mnemonic
D) method of loci

Accepted Answer

A retrieval cue is a trigger that helps one to remember information stored in memory. In this case, the smell of Italian food serves as a retrieval cue for Karl's memories of his grandmother cooking in the kitchen.

Question 12

Jacob has to write an essay for his writing course and decides to write about a boy who is actually a wizard.When his teacher reads the essay,she realizes that Jacob got the idea from a popular book.Jacob denies this,honestly believing that he thought of the idea himself.Jacob is experiencing
A) cryptomnesia.
B) source amnesia.
C) transience.
D) blocking.

Accepted Answer

Cryptomnesia is when a person believes they have come up with an original idea, but it is actually a forgotten memory of something they have encountered before.

Question 13

Samantha is looking outside her window when she sees a man stealing a bike from a bike rack located outside her apartment complex.When the police question her,Samantha might remember more details about the crime if she talks to the police
A) after she has had an alcoholic drink to calm down.
B) in a week so she has time to think about the event.
C) the next morning when she is in a more positive mood.
D) by the window where she watched the man steal the bike.

Accepted Answer

Samantha should talk to the police by the window where she saw the man steal the bike, as the environment might stimulate her memory and help her recall more details about the crime.  It is important to provide accurate and reliable information to the police as soon as possible, so waiting a week (Choice B) or consuming alcohol before talking to them (Choice A) might impair her memory and compromise the investigation. Similarly, talking to the police in a positive or negative mood (Choices C) might affect the accuracy of her statements.

Question 14

Alex sees a girl in a red shirt steal a candy bar.Later,during questioning,the police ask what candy the girl in the blue shirt stole.Months later,when Alex testifies in court,he describes the girl as having worn a blue shirt.This is an example of
A) suggestibility.
B) blocking.
C) cryptomnesia.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of suggestibility, as the police's question about the girl in the blue shirt influenced Alex's memory and caused him to falsely remember the girl as wearing a blue shirt instead of a red shirt.

Question 15

Beth recently changed her e-mail password.For the first few days after changing her password,she kept trying to log in with the old password.Which of the following was Beth experiencing?
A) anterograde amnesia
B) retrograde amnesia
C) proactive interference
D) retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Beth was experiencing proactive interference, where old information (her old password) interferes with the ability to remember new information (her new password).

Question 16

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college.Now,whenever you try to remember a word in Spanish,you can only remember that word in Portuguese.This effect is most likely due to
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall older information. In this case, learning Portuguese is interfering with the recall of previously learned Spanish words.

Question 17

Ali's previous boyfriend was named Sam and her new boyfriend is named Stan.When she accidentally calls her new boyfriend by the name Sam,she explains to him that her mistake was due to
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) proactive interference.
C) retroactive interference.
D) anterograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when old memories interfere with the recall of new information. In this case, Ali's memory of her previous boyfriend's name (Sam) is interfering with her ability to remember her new boyfriend's name (Stan).

Question 18

Your roommate asks you which section of chemistry you are taking next semester.You have just registered for the class,and confidently turn to tell her the section.You are astonished to realize that you suddenly cannot remember which section you registered for.Your memory lapse is an example of
A) change blindness.
B) suggestibility.
C) blocking.
D) absentmindedness.

Accepted Answer

The memory lapse is an example of blocking. Blocking is a type of forgetting where the information is stored in memory, but it temporarily cannot be accessed. In this case, the section of the chemistry class is stored in memory, but the person is temporarily unable to access it.

Question 19

Four witnesses see a truck hit a small car.If they all saw the same thing,who is likely to give the highest estimate of the truck's speed when testifying in court?
A) Abby, who was asked, "How fast was the truck going when it hit the car?"
B) Tim, who was asked, "How fast was the truck going when it crushed the car?"
C) Tony, who was asked, "How fast was the truck going when it bumped the car?"
D) Leroy, who was asked, "How fast was the truck going when the accident happened?"

Accepted Answer

The choice of words can influence a person's perception and memory of an event. The word "crushed" implies a more violent and high-speed impact compared to "hit," "bumped," or a neutral description of the event. Therefore, Tim, who was asked using the word "crushed," is likely to give the highest estimate of the truck's speed.

Question 20

Yesterday,you caused an argument by insulting another person.Today,you remember the argument as being the other person's fault.You do not remember that you were actually to blame for the argument because of
A) absentmindedness.
B) suggestibility.
C) memory bias.
D) memory blocking.

Accepted Answer

Memory bias refers to our tendency to remember information in a way that is consistent with our pre-existing beliefs or attitudes. In this case, the individual may have a belief that they are always right or that they don't make mistakes, leading to a biased memory of the argument where they remember the other person as being at fault.

Quiz 7: Memory

When we make our memories consistent with our current beliefs or attitudes,we are experiencing

Amanda is telling Connie about a movie she saw last night,when Connie asks who starred in the movie.Amanda gets frustrated because she cannot think of the actor's name,even though she can describe the actor and list other movies in which he has starred.Amanda is most likely experiencing

You vividly remember where you were when you heard about the Boston Marathon bombing.What you remember is a(n) memory and you are likely to be a memory for an ordinary event.

Inattention and the shallow encoding of events can often result in ________,which leads to forgetting.

Carson tries to convince his instructor to give the final exam in the same room where the class is held because he learned that it would improve his chances of getting a better grade.Which memory concept is Carson using?

Laden has a memory of getting a teddy bear at a childhood birthday party.However,she cannot remember who gave it to her or at which birthday she received it.Laden is experiencing

You are working on a crossword puzzle.Even though you know the answer to a question,you cannot remember the actual word.You remember the shape of the word,the first letter of the word,and other related words and ideas,but cannot remember the word itself.You are experiencing

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college.You have trouble learning Portuguese because of the Spanish you learned in high school.This effect is most likely due to

Shazia describes a made-up story to Ronald in vivid detail about a time that they got into serious trouble as young children.Later on,Ronald remembers the event even though it never actually happened.Ronald is most likely experiencing

Yu vividly remembers the day her husband surprised her with an emotional and dramatic marriage proposal.Research suggests that this memory is ordinary memories.

When Karl was a child,he loved to sit in his grandmother's kitchen watching her cook Italian food.Now,whenever he smells Italian food,he instantly remembers those childhood times.For Karl,the smell of Italian food is a ________ for memories about his grandmother.

Jacob has to write an essay for his writing course and decides to write about a boy who is actually a wizard.When his teacher reads the essay,she realizes that Jacob got the idea from a popular book.Jacob denies this,honestly believing that he thought of the idea himself.Jacob is experiencing

Samantha is looking outside her window when she sees a man stealing a bike from a bike rack located outside her apartment complex.When the police question her,Samantha might remember more details about the crime if she talks to the police

Alex sees a girl in a red shirt steal a candy bar.Later,during questioning,the police ask what candy the girl in the blue shirt stole.Months later,when Alex testifies in court,he describes the girl as having worn a blue shirt.This is an example of

Beth recently changed her e-mail password.For the first few days after changing her password,she kept trying to log in with the old password.Which of the following was Beth experiencing?

You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you are in college.Now,whenever you try to remember a word in Spanish,you can only remember that word in Portuguese.This effect is most likely due to

Ali's previous boyfriend was named Sam and her new boyfriend is named Stan.When she accidentally calls her new boyfriend by the name Sam,she explains to him that her mistake was due to

Your roommate asks you which section of chemistry you are taking next semester.You have just registered for the class,and confidently turn to tell her the section.You are astonished to realize that you suddenly cannot remember which section you registered for.Your memory lapse is an example of

Four witnesses see a truck hit a small car.If they all saw the same thing,who is likely to give the highest estimate of the truck's speed when testifying in court?

Yesterday,you caused an argument by insulting another person.Today,you remember the argument as being the other person's fault.You do not remember that you were actually to blame for the argument because of