Question 1

Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who emphasizes the importance of choices and self-direction to his clients so that they can strive to reach their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.
A) cross-cultural
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

Dr. Barongon's emphasis on choices and self-direction aligns with the humanistic perspective of psychology, which emphasizes personal growth, self-awareness, and the individual's capacity to make choices and take responsibility for their own lives.

Question 2

Dr. Professor has used a relatively new technique called the fMRI scan to examine changes in the brain that occur with age. Dr. Professor most likely subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.
A) biological
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

The fMRI scan is a tool used to examine changes in the brain, which is a primary focus of the biological perspective in psychology. This perspective emphasizes the role of genetics, the brain, and the nervous system in shaping behavior and mental processes.

Question 3

The _____ perspective emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior, including the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics.
A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) behavioral
D) biological

Accepted Answer

The biological perspective is focused on studying the physical aspects of behavior, including brain structure and function, genetics, and biological processes like hormones and neurotransmitters. Psychodynamic, humanistic, and behavioral perspectives are all focused on social and psychological factors rather than biological ones.

Question 4

Dr. Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients' psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients' early life experiences. Dr. Ramen takes the _____ perspective in psychological treatment.
A) behavioral
B) biological
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior. Dr. Ramen's belief that early life experiences are essential in treating psychological disorders aligns with the psychodynamic perspective.

Question 5

Dr. Jackson is interested in how stress affects the brain and examines PET scans of individuals before and after stressful situations. Dr. Jackson's approach is part of the _____ perspective.
A) behavioral
B) cross-cultural
C) biological
D) psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jackson's approach involves examining the biological responses in the brain, specifically through PET scans. Therefore, his approach is part of the biological perspective. The behavioral perspective focuses on observable behavior, the cross-cultural perspective examines how cultural factors impact behavior, and the psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences.

Question 6

The positive psychology perspective is concerned primarily with:
A) helping people of all ages adjust, adapt, and cope with personal and interpersonal problems in such diverse areas as relationships, work, education, marriage, child rearing, and aging.
B) the role of psychological factors in the development, prevention, and treatment of illness and developing ways of promoting health-enhancing behaviors.
C) the study of positive emotions and psychological states, positive individual traits, and the social institutions that foster positive qualities in individuals and communities.
D) studying the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of different types of behavioral and emotional disorders, such as anxiety, major depressive disorder, or eating disorders.

Accepted Answer

The positive psychology perspective is primarily concerned with the study of positive emotions, individual traits, and social institutions that foster positive qualities in individuals and communities. It focuses on promoting well-being, rather than just treating mental illness or other problems.

Question 7

Humanistic psychology was called the "third force" because it:
A) provided an alternative viewpoint to the two approaches that were dominant at the time, behaviorism and psychoanalysis.
B) was based upon the belief that there were three forces that motivated all human behavior.
C) proposed that there were three methods that could be used to scientifically study human behavior.
D) was composed of three separate branches, or schools.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology emerged as a reaction and alternative to the dominant approaches of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. It emphasized the importance of subjective experience, personal growth, and understanding individual behavior from the perspective of the individual, rather than relying solely on external observations or unconscious drives. As such, it was seen as a "third force" in psychology, offering a unique approach to understanding human behavior.

Question 8

Watson and Skinner's contentions that psychology should focus on observable behaviors to discover the fundamental laws of learning form the basis of which major perspective in contemporary psychology?
A) cognitive
B) biological
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

Accepted Answer

Watson and Skinner's emphasis on observable behaviors and learning led to the development of the behavioral perspective, which still focuses on how behavior is learned and shaped through experiences and environmental factors.

Question 9

John's therapist focuses on how interpersonal relationships have influenced John's self-concept. John's therapist likely takes which of the following perspectives in psychology?
A) positive psychology
B) humanistic
C) evolutionary
D) cross-cultural

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-actualization, and interpersonal relationships in shaping one's self-concept. John's therapist focusing on how his interpersonal relationships have influenced his self-concept aligns with this perspective.

Question 10

Even though Dr. Castro does not agree with Freud's psychoanalytic approach, she still thinks that unconscious processes and interpersonal relationships are critical to explaining human behavior. Thus, Dr. Castro follows the _____ perspective in psychology.
A) behavioral
B) biological
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and interpersonal relationships in shaping human behavior. While Dr. Castro does not agree with Freud's psychoanalytic approach specifically, she still subscribes to these fundamental principles of the psychodynamic perspective.

Question 11

In contemporary psychology, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, and the humanistic perspective:
A) are often emphasized among psychologists working in the mental health field.
B) are considered pseudosciences.
C) have been combined to form a new major perspective in modern psychology called comparative psychology.
D) focus on how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, and think.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic perspectives are all still widely used and emphasized among psychologists working in the mental health field. While they may not be the only perspectives used, they are still considered important and valid in contemporary psychology. The other options are not accurate or relevant.

Question 12

Freud's landmark theory of psychoanalysis became the basis for which perspective in contemporary psychology?
A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) cross-cultural

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of psychoanalysis emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and impulses in shaping behavior, personality, and psychological disorders. This perspective, known as psychodynamic theory, continues to influence modern research and clinical practice in psychology.

Question 13

According to the _____ perspective, psychologists should investigate only overt, observable behavior and should not concern themselves with internal mental processes that cannot be precisely observed and measured.
A) behavioral
B) biological
C) evolutionary
D) cross-cultural

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective in psychology is focused on studying observable behavior rather than internal mental processes. This perspective is based on the belief that behaviors can be directly observed and manipulated, and that behaviors are shaped by the environment through conditioning and reinforcement. Therefore, psychologists who follow this perspective prioritize studying overt behaviors that can be objectively observed and measured.

Question 14

Theresa is attracted to a relatively new area of psychology that focuses on the conditions and processes that contribute to optimal functioning of people, groups, and institutions. She believes that psychology should be concerned with topics such as personal happiness, optimism, creativity, wisdom, and the institutions that foster these qualities in individuals and communities. Her views are most consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.
A) biological
B) behavioral
C) positive psychology
D) psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

Theresa's beliefs align with the principles of positive psychology, which focuses on promoting well-being, happiness, and positive traits and behaviors rather than solely focusing on pathologies or negative aspects of human experience.

Question 15

The development of techniques such as PET, MRI, and fMRI scans to study the structure and function of the brain has enhanced the work of psychologists in the _____ perspective of psychology.
A) behavioral
B) biological
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

PET, MRI, and fMRI scans are all biological techniques used to study the brain. Therefore, the development of these techniques has enhanced the work of psychologists in the biological perspective of psychology.

Question 16

In recent decades, increased interest in the _____ perspective has occurred due to the development of new drugs for psychological disorders and the development of new techniques to study the human brain.
A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) biological

Accepted Answer

The increased interest in the biological perspective is due to the development of new drugs for psychological disorders, which targets the brain's chemical and biological processes, and new techniques to study the human brain, such as brain imaging technologies. The biological perspective emphasizes the role of genetics, biochemistry, and brain structure in understanding behavior and mental processes.

Question 17

Neuroscience refers to:
A) the application of evolutionary principles to explain behavior and psychological processes.
B) the study of psychological growth, self-determination, and choice in human behavior.
C) the study of the nervous system, especially the brain.
D) the application of fundamental learning principles to human and animal behavior.

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience specifically refers to the study of the nervous system, including the brain and related structures. This field aims to understand how the nervous system influences behavior, cognition, and other psychological processes. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately describe the focus of neuroscience.

Question 18

Discovering the fundamental laws of learning through studying observable behavior is a focus of the _____ perspective of psychology.
A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) behavioral
D) cross-cultural

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discovering the fundamental laws of learning through...

Question 19

The _____ perspective of psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious influences and early life experiences in explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior.
A) cognitive
B) positive psychology
C) humanistic
D) psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ perspective of psychology emphasizes the...

Question 20

Which of the following perspectives in psychology seeks to counterbalance psychology's traditional emphasis on psychological problems and disorders?
A) positive psychology
B) psychodynamic
C) evolutionary
D) cross-cultural

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following perspectives in psychology...

Quiz 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who emphasizes the importance of choices and self-direction to his clients so that they can strive to reach their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.

Dr. Professor has used a relatively new technique called the fMRI scan to examine changes in the brain that occur with age. Dr. Professor most likely subscribes to the _____ perspective of psychology.

The _____ perspective emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior, including the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics.

Dr. Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients' psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients' early life experiences. Dr. Ramen takes the _____ perspective in psychological treatment.

Dr. Jackson is interested in how stress affects the brain and examines PET scans of individuals before and after stressful situations. Dr. Jackson's approach is part of the _____ perspective.

The positive psychology perspective is concerned primarily with:

Humanistic psychology was called the "third force" because it:

Watson and Skinner's contentions that psychology should focus on observable behaviors to discover the fundamental laws of learning form the basis of which major perspective in contemporary psychology?

John's therapist focuses on how interpersonal relationships have influenced John's self-concept. John's therapist likely takes which of the following perspectives in psychology?

Even though Dr. Castro does not agree with Freud's psychoanalytic approach, she still thinks that unconscious processes and interpersonal relationships are critical to explaining human behavior. Thus, Dr. Castro follows the _____ perspective in psychology.

In contemporary psychology, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, and the humanistic perspective:

Freud's landmark theory of psychoanalysis became the basis for which perspective in contemporary psychology?

According to the _____ perspective, psychologists should investigate only overt, observable behavior and should not concern themselves with internal mental processes that cannot be precisely observed and measured.

The development of techniques such as PET, MRI, and fMRI scans to study the structure and function of the brain has enhanced the work of psychologists in the _____ perspective of psychology.

In recent decades, increased interest in the _____ perspective has occurred due to the development of new drugs for psychological disorders and the development of new techniques to study the human brain.

Neuroscience refers to:

Discovering the fundamental laws of learning through studying observable behavior is a focus of the _____ perspective of psychology.

The _____ perspective of psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious influences and early life experiences in explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior.

Which of the following perspectives in psychology seeks to counterbalance psychology's traditional emphasis on psychological problems and disorders?