Question 1

The fourth step in the scientific method involves _____.
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
C) developing a hypothesis
D) supporting or refuting a hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The fourth step in the scientific method involves supporting or refuting a hypothesis through experiments or further observation. Once a hypothesis has been developed and research has been conducted, the next step is to gather data and analyze it to determine if the hypothesis is supported or refuted.

Question 2

The third step in the scientific method involves _____.
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
C) sharing the results
D) developing a hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of The third step in the scientific method...

Question 3

The cohort-sequential design combines cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

Accepted Answer

In the cohort-sequential design, participants from different age groups (cohorts) are followed over time, but data is collected at particular time points (cross-sectional). This allows for studying development across time while minimizing some of the limitations of traditional longitudinal or cross-sectional designs.

Question 4

The purpose of a survey is to allow a researcher to collect data quickly from a large population.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a survey is to gather information from a sample of the population quickly and efficiently. By using a survey, a researcher can collect a large amount of data from a diverse group of people in a short amount of time. This information can be used to analyze trends, attitudes, and behaviors within the population being studied.

Question 5

A researcher designed and conducted an experiment to determine whether a particular drug would help patients with bipolar disorder. By designing and conducting this experiment, the researcher was able to _____.
A) establish a positive correlation
B) demonstrate proof
C) test the hypothesis
D) confirm the results

Accepted Answer

By designing and conducting an experiment, the researcher was able to test their hypothesis regarding whether the drug would help patients with bipolar disorder. They would not have been able to establish a positive correlation without analyzing the data collected from the experiment, and demonstrating proof and confirming the results would require multiple studies and replication of the findings, not just one experiment.

Question 6

The science of human development seeks to understand _____.
A) the meaning of life
B) the accuracy of new theories
C) the works of Freud, Piaget, and Erikson
D) how and why people change over time

Accepted Answer

The science of human development seeks to understand how and why people change over time through various stages of life. It examines physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes that occur from birth to death. The other options, such as the meaning of life or the accuracy of new theories, are not the primary focus of human development science. The works of Freud, Piaget, and Erikson are important theories in the field, but they are not the only focus of the science of human development.

Question 7

Dr. Hernandez predicts that a certain drug will reduce hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Her prediction is called _____
A) a "conclusion."
B) "empirical evidence."
C) a "hypothesis."
D) an "observation."

Accepted Answer

Dr. Hernandez's prediction is a statement that can be tested through experimentation, making it a hypothesis.

Question 8

Dr. Tucker and his research team are interested in how aggression changes as we age. The team will recruit 100 3-year-old children and assess their levels of aggression every three years until the participants turn 21. This is an example of cross-sectional research.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of longitudinal research, where the same group of participants is followed and assessed over a period of time. Cross-sectional research involves comparing different groups of people at a single point in time.

Question 9

In an experiment, the group receiving the special treatment is referred to as the "comparison group."

Accepted Answer

The comparison group is actually the group that does not receive the special treatment, so it is sometimes referred to as the "control group."

Question 10

In longitudinal research, the same participants are measured at multiple assessment points over a period of time.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research involves observing and collecting data from the same group of participants at multiple points in time. This allows for the study of changes and development over time, as well as the tracking of individual differences and stability over time.

Question 11

Empirical evidence is based on _____.
A) theories and speculation
B) observation, experience, or experiment
C) inferences based on personal biases
D) opinions generated by focus groups

Accepted Answer

Empirical evidence is based on observation, experience or experiment, which means that it is grounded in direct, tangible and verifiable findings. It is different from theories and speculation, personal biases or opinions generated by focus groups.

Question 12

The second step in the scientific method involves _____.
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
C) developing a hypothesis
D) sharing the results

Accepted Answer

The second step in the scientific method, after posing a question, is developing a hypothesis. This involves making an educated guess or a testable statement that predicts an outcome based on observations.

Question 13

The main advantage of scientific observation as a research method is that it allows the investigator to determine cause and effect.

Accepted Answer

Scientific observation primarily allows researchers to gather data and identify patterns, but determining cause and effect typically requires experimental methods where variables can be controlled and manipulated.

Question 14

Dr. Henderson is curious to know more about how children's peer relationships develop over time. To gain an understanding of this subject that is not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Henderson should _____.
A) use the scientific method to collect data and establish facts
B) have the children undergo psychoanalysis
C) interview parents and teachers
D) read Dr. Spock's book Baby and Child Care

Accepted Answer

To gain an understanding of a subject that is not based on opinion or personal bias, it's best to use the scientific method to collect data and establish facts. Scientific method involves systematic observation, measurement, and analysis to gather facts about a phenomenon, which can provide an objective and evidence-based understanding of the subject.

Question 15

Dr. Furth wonders whether a specific brain chemical can be suppressed if a patient is given a large dose of vitamin E. Dr. Furth has just demonstrated the _____ step in the scientific method.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Accepted Answer

Dr. Furth has identified a question or problem to investigate, which is the first step in the scientific method.

Question 16

One limitation of using surveys is that participants may not tell the truth.

Accepted Answer

Participants may not always provide truthful responses for various reasons, such as social desirability bias, fear of judgment or consequences, or simply not remembering accurately. This can limit the validity and reliability of survey results.

Question 17

After posing a question, a researcher using the scientific method _____.
A) draws conclusions
B) runs an experiment
C) selects a group of participants
D) develops a hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The researcher develops a hypothesis after posing a question in the scientific method. The other options may occur later in the process but are not the immediate next step after posing a question.

Question 18

Friends Jill and Susan both experienced poverty as children. In addition, they were raised by single parents and attended poor-performing schools. By late adolescence, Jill had dropped out of school and had two children. Susan, in contrast, was academically ranked number one in her graduating class and had a full academic scholarship to Harvard. This example illustrates the concept of "differential sensitivity."

Accepted Answer

Differential sensitivity refers to the idea that individuals vary in their susceptibility to environmental factors and experiences, such as poverty and education. In this example, Jill and Susan had similar backgrounds and experiences, yet they had different outcomes due to differences in their sensitivity or response to those experiences. Susan was more resilient and able to thrive despite adversity, while Jill struggled and experienced negative outcomes.

Question 19

When two variables are unrelated, the correlation between them is zero.

Accepted Answer

When two variables are unrelated, there is no linear relationship between them and the correlation coefficient is 0.

Question 20

The first step in the scientific method involves _____.
A) posing a question
B) conducting research
C) analyzing evidence
D) developing a hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The first step in the scientific method is to pose a question or identify a problem that you want to investigate. This sets the foundation for the rest of the scientific process.

Quiz 1: The Science of Human Development

The fourth step in the scientific method involves _____.

The third step in the scientific method involves _____.

The cohort-sequential design combines cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

The purpose of a survey is to allow a researcher to collect data quickly from a large population.

A researcher designed and conducted an experiment to determine whether a particular drug would help patients with bipolar disorder. By designing and conducting this experiment, the researcher was able to _____.

The science of human development seeks to understand _____.

Dr. Hernandez predicts that a certain drug will reduce hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Her prediction is called _____

Dr. Tucker and his research team are interested in how aggression changes as we age. The team will recruit 100 3-year-old children and assess their levels of aggression every three years until the participants turn 21. This is an example of cross-sectional research.

In an experiment, the group receiving the special treatment is referred to as the "comparison group."

In longitudinal research, the same participants are measured at multiple assessment points over a period of time.

Empirical evidence is based on _____.

The second step in the scientific method involves _____.

The main advantage of scientific observation as a research method is that it allows the investigator to determine cause and effect.

Dr. Henderson is curious to know more about how children's peer relationships develop over time. To gain an understanding of this subject that is not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Henderson should _____.

Dr. Furth wonders whether a specific brain chemical can be suppressed if a patient is given a large dose of vitamin E. Dr. Furth has just demonstrated the _____ step in the scientific method.

One limitation of using surveys is that participants may not tell the truth.

After posing a question, a researcher using the scientific method _____.

When two variables are unrelated, the correlation between them is zero.

The first step in the scientific method involves _____.