Question 1

The problem with being completely open and honest to research participants is that
A) such honesty may influence the participants' behavior.
B) it makes the experimenter look foolish.
C) it raises criticisms from the scientific community.
D) it violates several ethical principles.

Accepted Answer

Being completely open and honest with research participants can make them conscious of their behavior, leading to artificial or modified results. However, it is essential to balance the fine line between transparency and deception to ensure the study's validity and maintain the participants' well-being.

Question 2

How can a researcher satisfy the ethical principle of respect for persons and their autonomy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can a researcher satisfy the ethical...

Question 3

Why should a researcher consider not only the ethical issues involved with conducting a study but also the ethical issues involved with not conducting that study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why should a researcher consider not only...

Question 4

Why do ethical considerations play an important role in the research process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do ethical considerations play an important...

Question 5

Which of the following should a researcher NEVER do when debriefing?
A) Eliminate possible feelings of gullibility in the participants.
B) Emphasize the role of participants as "co-investigators" in the research venture.
C) Use double deception as part of the research design.
D) Provide an explanation for the necessity for the use of deception.

Accepted Answer

Using double deception can be harmful to participants and violates ethical guidelines. Researchers should strive to minimize deception and if it is necessary, they should debrief participants and explain the reasons for it.

Question 6

Revealing the true nature of the research study as well as the necessity for the use of deception is part of a procedure known as
A) elaboration.
B) debriefing.
C) a cost-benefits analysis.
D) ethical evaluation.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing involves informing participants about the true nature and purpose of the study, as well as any deception that was used. This is a critical ethical procedure that helps ensure that participants understand and consent to their involvement in the research.

Question 7

Describe how an institutional review board ideally should evaluate a research proposal that has been submitted for ethical approval.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how an institutional review board ideally...

Question 8

If a researcher wants to employ the use of deception, the researcher must __________ participants upon completion of the study.
A) pay
B) debrief
C) console
D) reassure

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is a necessary ethical practice when deception is used in a study. Debriefing involves informing participants about the true purpose and nature of the study after they have completed it. It also involves addressing any negative emotions or harm that may have occurred as a result of the deception used in the study.

Question 9

Why is it necessary to debrief research participants? How should this debriefing be conducted when the use of deception has occurred?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it necessary to debrief research...

Question 10

The rationale for using animals in research is based on the assumption that
A) the ethical requirements are more lenient for research involving animals as compared to humans.
B) human participant research is more expensive than animal research.
C) research involving animals produces more valid results than research involving humans.
D) there are biological continuities between humans and animals.

Accepted Answer

The rationale for using animals in research is based on the assumption that there are biological continuities between humans and animals. This means that studying animals can provide insights into biological processes that are similar in humans. However, it is important to note that ethical considerations are also taken into account when using animals in research, and that alternatives to animal research are actively being developed and used.

Question 11

Dan deliberately does not tell his friends that a rumor is unfounded so that he may observe their reactions to the rumor. Dan is utilizing __________ deception in order to study how people react to rumors.
A) justified
B) active
C) unfair
D) passive

Accepted Answer

Dan is not actively spreading the rumor, but rather withholding information, making this an example of passive deception.

Question 12

Differentiate between beneficence and nonmaleficence. Why are both important considerations in the research process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate between beneficence and nonmaleficence. Why are...

Question 13

Why is deception sometimes employed in research involving humans? Describe the two ways that a researcher may deceive research participants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is deception sometimes employed in research...

Question 14

Issues of plagiarism are relevant to which ethical principle?
A) trust
B) fidelity and scientific integrity
C) beneficence and nonmaleficence
D) justice

Accepted Answer

Plagiarism violates the ethical principles of fidelity and scientific integrity, which is the responsibility to truthfulness and accuracy in scientific research and publishing.

Quiz 3: Ethical Considerations and Guidelines

The problem with being completely open and honest to research participants is that

How can a researcher satisfy the ethical principle of respect for persons and their autonomy?

Why should a researcher consider not only the ethical issues involved with conducting a study but also the ethical issues involved with not conducting that study?

Why do ethical considerations play an important role in the research process?

Which of the following should a researcher NEVER do when debriefing?

Revealing the true nature of the research study as well as the necessity for the use of deception is part of a procedure known as

Describe how an institutional review board ideally should evaluate a research proposal that has been submitted for ethical approval.

If a researcher wants to employ the use of deception, the researcher must __________ participants upon completion of the study.

Why is it necessary to debrief research participants? How should this debriefing be conducted when the use of deception has occurred?

The rationale for using animals in research is based on the assumption that

Dan deliberately does not tell his friends that a rumor is unfounded so that he may observe their reactions to the rumor. Dan is utilizing __________ deception in order to study how people react to rumors.

Differentiate between beneficence and nonmaleficence. Why are both important considerations in the research process?

Why is deception sometimes employed in research involving humans? Describe the two ways that a researcher may deceive research participants.

Issues of plagiarism are relevant to which ethical principle?