Question 1

Which of the following psychological difficulties is reported most often by American Indians?
A) "serious psychological distress"
B) "extreme sadness"
C) "constant nervousness"
D) "constant restlessness"

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Cybertherapy raises concerns about all of the following EXCEPT:
A) legal obligations to pay for services.
B) lack of training.
C) quality of care.
D) confidentiality.

Accepted Answer

While legal obligations to pay for services may be a concern for some individuals seeking cybertherapy, it is not typically a major concern raised by experts and critics. The other options - lack of training, quality of care, and confidentiality - are all frequently cited concerns associated with the use of cybertherapy.

Question 3

According to _____, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth.
A) humanists
B) existentialists
C) gestalt
D) socioevolutionary

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy, emphasize the inherent worth and potential for growth in individuals. They posit that people have an innate drive to fulfill their natural potential and to strive toward self-actualization.

Question 4

According to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is _____, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
A) dichotomous thinking
B) catastrophizing
C) selective abstraction
D) overgeneralization

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization refers to the tendency to draw broad negative conclusions based on limited evidence, such as a single insignificant event. This is a common cognitive distortion in depression, according to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory. Dichotomous thinking, catastrophizing, and selective abstraction are also cognitive distortions found in depression, but they do not specifically refer to the tendency to overgeneralize.

Question 5

Albert Bandura argued that to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:
A) ego.
B) self-efficacy.
C) self-actualization.
D) transference.

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura emphasized the importance of self-efficacy, which refers to a person's belief in their ability to achieve goals and effectively cope with life's challenges. Developing a positive sense of self-efficacy can increase happiness and promote effective functioning. The other options (ego, self-actualization, transference) are not concepts emphasized by Bandura in his theories.

Question 6

Some research has suggested that _____ has been linked to exposure to certain viruses during childhood or before birth.
A) bipolar disorder
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) depression

Accepted Answer

Some research suggests that exposure to certain viruses during childhood or before birth may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. There is not strong evidence to support a direct link between viruses and the other disorders listed.

Question 7

According to the psychodynamic model, someone who refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating:
A) repression.
B) regression.
C) resistance.
D) reaction formation.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic model proposes that when a client resists therapy or refuses to fully participate, it is a sign of their unconscious resistance to change or discomfort with confronting certain emotions or experiences. This resistance is known as "resistance" in the psychodynamic model.

Question 8

Which is NOT a current major model of mental abnormality?
A) biological
B) sociocultural
C) evolutionary
D) behavioral

Accepted Answer

The other three models (biological, sociocultural, and behavioral) are current major models of mental abnormality. However, evolutionary theory is not typically considered a major model in the field of abnormal psychology.

Question 9

The _____ helps to regulate emotions and memory.
A) basal ganglia
B) hippocampus
C) corpus callosum
D) thalamus

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a brain region that plays a key role in regulating emotions and memory. It is involved in the formation and retention of new memories as well as in the regulation of emotional responses to external stimuli. The basal ganglia are involved in motor control and learning, the corpus callosum is responsible for communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and the thalamus is involved in sensory processing and relaying information to other parts of the brain.

Question 10

Psychotropic medications were developed in the _____ and since then have greatly changed the outlook for a number of mental disorders. Today they are used widely, either alone or with other forms of psychotherapy.
A) 1930s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1990s

Accepted Answer

The development of psychotropic medications occurred in the 1950s with the discovery of antipsychotic medications such as chlorpromazine, which revolutionized the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia. Since then, a number of other types of psychotropic medications have been developed including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. These medications have had a significant impact on the treatment of mental illness and are widely used today.

Question 11

A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:
A) self-actualization.
B) flooding.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) catharsis.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a behavioral treatment technique that involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation in a controlled and safe manner, while practicing relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety and promote calm responses. Flooding, on the other hand, involves exposing the individual to the feared object or situation all at once and without any gradual buildup, which can be overwhelming and traumatic. Self-actualization is a concept related to personal growth and the realization of one's potential, while catharsis involves the release of pent-up emotions or tensions through expression and release.

Question 12

_____ therapy suggests that people have two options with their lives-to face up to our own "being" and to give meanings to our lives or to shrink and hide from that responsibility.
A) Humanistic
B) Existential
C) Gestalt
D) Client-centered

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the central premise of existential therapy, which emphasizes personal responsibility and the search for meaning in life. Option A (Humanistic) and option D (Client-centered) do not directly relate to this idea, while option C (Gestalt) is a different approach that focuses on present experiences and self-awareness.

Question 13

Behavioral therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of:
A) relationships.
B) ego development.
C) dream analysis.
D) learning.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of learning. They believe that abnormal behavior is learned and can be unlearned through behavioral interventions such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling.

Question 14

In 1996, when a 3-year-old boy climbed over a barrier at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois and fell into a gorilla compound, clinical theorists had a field day interpreting which event that took place after the boy fell?
A) The gorillas all fled from the boy, as they recognized that going near him would lead to being shot with a tranquilizer dart.
B) The boy was severely injured as the gorillas attacked what they interpreted to be a predator.
C) A 160-pound gorilla picked up the boy, protected him, and carried him to rescue workers unharmed.
D) The gorillas in the compound all fought over who would get to "claim" the boy as their offspring, and it took weeks before the boy could safely be rescued.

Accepted Answer

A 160-pound gorilla named Binti Jua picked up the boy, protected him, carried him to rescue workers unharmed. This event received significant media attention and was widely interpreted as evidence of the gorilla's maternal instincts.

Question 15

According to Freud, the _____ is the psychological force that represents a person's conscience.
A) moral compass
B) superconscience
C) superego
D) ego

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the superego is the part of the psyche that represents a person's conscience, morality, and sense of right and wrong. It emerges from the ego around age 5 and is heavily influenced by societal and cultural standards. Its function is to regulate and control the impulses of the id through moral principles and ideals.

Question 16

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is the:
A) receptor.
B) nucleus.
C) synapse.
D) transmitter.

Accepted Answer

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is known as the synapse.

Question 17

Which is the type of prevention that seeks to provide effective treatment as soon as it is needed so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems?
A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) tertiary prevention
D) florid prevention

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the type of prevention that...

Question 18

According to Freud, _____ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.
A) fixation
B) overcompensation
C) sublimation
D) displacement

Accepted Answer

Fixation is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development. This can occur due to unresolved conflicts and can lead to personality issues.

Question 19

One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of:
A) more than one person.
B) more than one therapist.
C) a professional therapist.
D) people who are related by marriage or other familial connection.

Accepted Answer

The presence of a professional therapist is the main difference between group therapy and a self-help group. In group therapy, the therapist is trained to facilitate the group process and provide guidance and support to members, whereas in a self-help group there is typically no professional leader.

Question 20

Which is NOT described by your text as being a part of the cerebrum?
A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is not a part of the cerebrum, but rather is located below it in the diencephalon. The hippocampus, amygdala, and corpus callosum are all structures located within the cerebrum.

Quiz 3: Models of Abnormality

Which of the following psychological difficulties is reported most often by American Indians?

Cybertherapy raises concerns about all of the following EXCEPT:

According to _____, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth.

According to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is _____, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.

Albert Bandura argued that to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:

Some research has suggested that _____ has been linked to exposure to certain viruses during childhood or before birth.

According to the psychodynamic model, someone who refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating:

Which is NOT a current major model of mental abnormality?

The _____ helps to regulate emotions and memory.

Psychotropic medications were developed in the _____ and since then have greatly changed the outlook for a number of mental disorders. Today they are used widely, either alone or with other forms of psychotherapy.

A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:

_____ therapy suggests that people have two options with their lives-to face up to our own "being" and to give meanings to our lives or to shrink and hide from that responsibility.

Behavioral therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of:

In 1996, when a 3-year-old boy climbed over a barrier at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois and fell into a gorilla compound, clinical theorists had a field day interpreting which event that took place after the boy fell?

According to Freud, the _____ is the psychological force that represents a person's conscience.

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is the:

Which is the type of prevention that seeks to provide effective treatment as soon as it is needed so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems?

According to Freud, _____ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.

One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of:

Which is NOT described by your text as being a part of the cerebrum?