Question 1

A nurse considers an audience's ability to read,comprehend,and act on medical instructions while preparing health education materials.Which of the following factors is the nurse considering?
A) Health literacy
B) Resilience
C) Social justice
D) Health disparity

Accepted Answer

A measure of a patient's ability to read,comprehend,and act on medical instructions is health literacy.Resilience has to do with the factors that allow people to resist the effects of vulnerability.Social justice describes justice with respect to the concepts of egalitarianism and equality.Health disparity refers to the wide variations in health services and health status among certain population groups.

Question 2

What is implied by the web of causation model?
A) Variables interact resulting in higher probability of illness.
B) One disease causes another, especially in vulnerable populations.
C) The greater the poverty, the more likely people are to have diseases.
D) Immunizations are necessary because vulnerable populations spread disease.

Accepted Answer

The web of causation model implies that not only are there more variables,but the variables interact,resulting in higher probability of illness.The relative risk for poor health is greater for vulnerable populations.

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to live in poverty?
A) Those who work in high-risk jobs
B) Those who have adequate nutrition
C) Those who effectively manage stress
D) Those who live in single family homes

Accepted Answer

People who are poor are more likely to live in hazardous environments that are overcrowded and have inadequate sanitation,work in high-risk jobs,have less nutritious diets,and have multiple stressors.

Question 4

A nurse is examining social determinants of health.Which of the following is the nurse looking at?
A) Ethnicity
B) Income
C) Gender
D) Marital status

Accepted Answer

Social determinants of health are such factors as economic status,education,environmental factors,nutrition,stress,and prejudice that lead to resource constraints,poor health,and health risk.Ethnicity,gender,and marital status are not considered social determinants of health.

Question 5

A nurse operates a school-based clinic in a local school where multiple providers and disciplines offer care to children,making it easier for children to access health care.Which of the following best describes this approach?
A) Advocacy
B) Wrap-around services
C) Social justice
D) Comprehensive services

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive services are health care services that focus on more than one health problem or concern.Stationary or mobile clinics that provide a wide array of health promotion,illness prevention,and illness management services in migrant camps,schools,and local communities are examples of this.Wrap-around services describe a system in which comprehensive health services are available and social and economic services are "wrapped around" these services.Advocacy refers to actions taken on behalf of another.Social justice describes justice with respect to the concepts of egalitarianism and equality.

Question 6

A nurse is working with multiple vulnerable groups.Which of the following would be most sensitive to adverse effects?
A) Pregnant teenager living with her parents for financial support
B) Poor, older woman with no means of transportation
C) 2-year-old boy of underinsured parents
D) Recently unemployed father of five

Accepted Answer

A poor,older woman with no means of transportation has a combination of risk factors.A pregnant teenager,2-year-old boy,and recently unemployed father are only displaying one risk factor,not multiple risk factors as the older woman displays.

Question 7

A nurse is working with a vulnerable population.Which of the following is the nurse most likely working with?
A) Families earning more than $50,000/year
B) Families earning less than $15,000/year
C) Residents of urban areas
D) African American physicians

Accepted Answer

Vulnerable populations of concern to nurses are persons who are poor or homeless (families earning less than $15,000 per year would be considered poor),persons who have special needs,pregnant teens,migrant workers and immigrants,individuals with mental health problems,people who abuse addictive substances,persons who have been incarcerated,people with communicable diseases and those who are at risk,and persons who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)positive or have hepatitis B virus or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of a vulnerable population?
A) Have worse health outcomes and an increased sensitivity to risk factors than the general population
B) Have a single risk factor but experience worse health outcomes than the general population
C) Have multiple risk factors but equal health outcomes to the general population
D) Have worse outcomes with better access to health care than the general population

Accepted Answer

Vulnerable population groups are more sensitive to risk factors and have worse health outcomes.Vulnerable populations experience multiple risk factors.Vulnerable populations have worse health outcomes than the general population.Vulnerable populations have more problems accessing health care than the general population.

Question 9

A nurse is working to remove barriers to receiving health care.Which of the following actions is the nurse most likely to support?
A) Discrimination against certain groups
B) Treatment of pets at the same facility
C) Provision of free food at a food bank
D) Providing services for a rural population by using a mobile clinic

Accepted Answer

Barriers to access are policies and financial,geographic,or cultural features of health care that make services difficult to obtain or so unappealing that people do not want to seek care.Examples of removing barriers include providing extended clinic hours,low-cost or free health services for people who are uninsured or underinsured,transportation,mobile vans,and professional interpreters,which can help improve access to care.

Question 10

Resilience refers to the:
A) resistance of certain groups to risk factors.
B) increased susceptibility to cumulative risk factors among vulnerable groups.
C) variability in the effects of stressors according to socioeconomic status.
D) increased sensitivity of the very young and the very old to risk factors.

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to how vulnerable populations are able to resist or overcome the effects of the vulnerability.These populations do not succumb to the health risks that impinge on them.

Question 11

The wide variations in health services and health status between certain population groups are called:
A) vulnerable population groups.
B) health disparities.
C) disadvantaged populations.
D) risk markers.

Accepted Answer

The wide variations in health services and health status between certain population groups are called health disparities.Vulnerable populations are typically considered to be those who are at greater risk for poor health status and who have poor access to health care.Disadvantaged populations have fewer resources for promoting health and treating illness than does the average person in the United States.Risk describes that some people have a higher probability of illness than others.

Question 12

A nurse is working with a family who is unable to find adequate health care coverage for the children in the family.Which of the following pieces of legislation will assist in provision of health care coverage for these children?
A) Social Security Act
B) Balanced Budget Act
C) HIPAA
D) ACA

Accepted Answer

The Social Security Act provides funds to insure currently uninsured children.The Balanced Budget Act shifted payment in home health care.The HIPAA was intended to help people keep their health insurance when moving from one place to another.The ACA of 2010 provides the opportunity for all to purchase health insurance.

Question 13

A nurse is caring for a homeless population.Which of the following characteristics should the nurse anticipate as a need of this population?
A) Need more nursing care than other vulnerable groups
B) Have no desire to seek medical care
C) Have even fewer resources than poor people who have adequate housing
D) Are living in despair with no hope or resilience

Accepted Answer

Those who are homeless have even fewer resources than poor people who have adequate housing.Homeless and marginally housed people must struggle with heavy demands as they try to manage daily life because their resources are limited.These individuals must cope with finding a place to sleep at night and a place to stay during the day or moving frequently from one residence to another,as well as finding food,before even thinking about health care.

Question 14

A client is self-employed as a mechanic and has no health insurance coverage.Which of the following best describes the legislation that will assist this client in obtaining health insurance?
A) Balanced Budget Act
B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
C) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
D) Social Security Act

Accepted Answer

The ACA of 2010 provides the opportunity for all to purchase health insurance.The Balanced Budget Act shifted payment in home health care.The HIPAA was intended to help people keep their health insurance when moving from one place to another.The Social Security Act created the largest federal support program for elderly and poor Americans.

Question 15

A nurse is working with a 17-year-old pregnant cocaine addict who is homeless.Which of the following best describes this client?
A) At risk
B) A special population
C) A Healthy People 2020 target group
D) A vulnerable individual

Accepted Answer

Vulnerable individuals often have multiple risk factors.Vulnerable populations of concern to nurses are persons who are poor or homeless,have special needs,pregnant teens,migrant workers and immigrants,individuals with mental health problems,people who abuse addictive substances,persons who have been incarcerated,people with communicable diseases and those who are at risk,and persons who are HIV positive or have hepatitis B virus or STDs.Risk is an epidemiological term meaning that some people have a higher probability of illness than others.

Question 16

Which federal program created support for older and poor Americans?
A) Social Security Act
B) Medicare Amendment
C) Medicaid Amendment
D) Hill-Burton Act

Accepted Answer

The Social Security Act sought direct payments to eligible individuals to ensure a minimum level of support for people at risk of problems from inadequate financial resources.The Social Security Act encompasses the Medicare and Medicaid Amendment.The Hill-Burton Act provided funding to assist with building hospitals.

Question 17

A nurse is caring for a population that has experienced a health disparity.Which of the following best describes a health disparity?
A) Low childhood immunization rates
B) High dropout rates
C) Unemployment
D) Income below poverty level

Accepted Answer

Low childhood immunization rates signify a health disparity.High dropout rates,unemployment,and income below poverty level are social conditions that may lead to health disparities.

Question 18

What is the primary cause of vulnerability?
A) Race
B) Age
C) Poverty
D) Illness

Accepted Answer

The primary cause of vulnerability is poverty.Race,age,and illness may cause populations to be vulnerable,but these factors are not the primary cause.

Question 19

A nurse is developing a one-stop service to meet the needs of a vulnerable group.Which of the following would the nurse most likely create?
A) Wrap-around services where mental services are linked
B) Giving all immunizations on a single clinic visit
C) Providing multiple services during a single clinic visit
D) Providing free services to the medically indigent

Accepted Answer

Providing multiple services during a single clinic visit makes services more responsive to the combined effects of social and economic stressors.Wrap-around services provide comprehensive health as well as social and economic services,so it would include more than the linkage of mental health services.Administering all immunizations or providing free services would not provide a one-stop shop for all needed services.

Question 20

A nurse is working with a vulnerable group experiencing multiple risk factors.Which of the following best describes this group?
A) Smokers who use chewing tobacco as well as cigarettes
B) Substance abusers who test positive for HIV
C) Persons with limited access to care because they live in a rural area
D) New mothers needing information about baby and child care

Accepted Answer

Multiple risk factors are present in substance abusers,including contracting HIV and hepatitis B virus.Homelessness is another risk factor.Vulnerable populations of concern to nurses are persons who are poor or homeless,have special needs,pregnant teens,migrant workers and immigrants,individuals with mental health problems,people who abuse addictive substances,persons who have been incarcerated,people with communicable diseases and those who are at risk,and persons who are HIV positive or have hepatitis B virus or STDs.

Quiz 32: Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations: An Overview

A nurse considers an audience's ability to read,comprehend,and act on medical instructions while preparing health education materials.Which of the following factors is the nurse considering?

What is implied by the web of causation model?

Which of the following is most likely to live in poverty?

A nurse is examining social determinants of health.Which of the following is the nurse looking at?

A nurse operates a school-based clinic in a local school where multiple providers and disciplines offer care to children,making it easier for children to access health care.Which of the following best describes this approach?

A nurse is working with multiple vulnerable groups.Which of the following would be most sensitive to adverse effects?

A nurse is working with a vulnerable population.Which of the following is the nurse most likely working with?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a vulnerable population?

A nurse is working to remove barriers to receiving health care.Which of the following actions is the nurse most likely to support?

Resilience refers to the:

The wide variations in health services and health status between certain population groups are called:

A nurse is working with a family who is unable to find adequate health care coverage for the children in the family.Which of the following pieces of legislation will assist in provision of health care coverage for these children?

A nurse is caring for a homeless population.Which of the following characteristics should the nurse anticipate as a need of this population?

A client is self-employed as a mechanic and has no health insurance coverage.Which of the following best describes the legislation that will assist this client in obtaining health insurance?

A nurse is working with a 17-year-old pregnant cocaine addict who is homeless.Which of the following best describes this client?

Which federal program created support for older and poor Americans?

A nurse is caring for a population that has experienced a health disparity.Which of the following best describes a health disparity?

What is the primary cause of vulnerability?

A nurse is developing a one-stop service to meet the needs of a vulnerable group.Which of the following would the nurse most likely create?

A nurse is working with a vulnerable group experiencing multiple risk factors.Which of the following best describes this group?