Question 1

Willa conducted a study on the effects of violent television viewing on choice of playground activity. Her data indicated no support for her research hypothesis
That those children that watched violent television played more aggressively on
The playground. Interestingly, however, although not related to her hypothesis,
She found that children who watched violent television played on the playground
For a shorter amount of time when compared to children who did not watch
Violent television. How should Willa address this finding?
A) Change her hypothesis statements to include a hypothesis about duration of playground activity.
B) Add the analysis to the results section and discuss the finding in the conclusions and recommendations section.
C) Rewrite the research problem to include duration of play as a variable of interest in the study.
D) Address the finding in the conclusions and recommendations section and suggest future work that addresses duration of play as a variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Willa conducted a study on the effects...

Question 2

Tom conducted a study that examined gender differences in ability to learn physics concepts from computer games. In his study he found men learned better
From games than the women. He hadn't, however, controlled for amount of game
Playing or interest in physics. These lack of controls are a flaw in Tom's
A) survey study.
B) causal-comparative study.
C) correlational study.
D) experimental study.

Accepted Answer

Tom conducted a causal-comparative study, which is also known as a quasi-experimental study because he did not manipulate a variable like in an experimental study. However, he did compare groups and draw causal inferences from the results. The lack of controls for game playing and interest in physics are flaws in his study design.

Question 3

Quidera conducted a study in her classroom. She has been frustrated by the lack of time management skills of her graduating seniors. She implemented a required assignment notebook and planner program for two months and observed the effects on students' homework completion. Quidera's study can best be described as
A) action research.
B) narrative research.
C) experimental research.
D) ethnographical research.

Accepted Answer

Quidera's study is an example of action research because she implemented a specific intervention (required assignment notebook and planner program) and observed its effects on students' homework completion.

Question 4

The question of whether data are time constrained is most relevant to which of the following types of research?
A) Experimental
B) Causal-comparative
C) Mixed methods
D) Single subject

Accepted Answer

Single-subject research designs are particularly concerned with the effects of interventions over time, making the timing and sequence of data collection critical to the study's validity.

Question 5

Jill reported in her research that there were significant differences between males and females on several items of a personality inventory. She conducted many t-
Tests on a relatively small sample, without correcting for error rate problems. This
Best illustrates a flaw in Jill's
A) instruments.
B) design and procedures.
C) results.
D) conclusions and recommendations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jill reported in her research that there...

Question 6

Tobin conducted a study in which he randomly assigned participants to two treatment conditions to test if there were differences by treatment on the number of classroom referrals. He then interviewed selected students regarding their experiences with the two treatments. In the results section of his study it is unclear at times from which data he has drawn his conclusions. This flaw is most directly related to reporting of ____________ research study.
A) Experimental
B) Mixed methods
C) Narrative
D) Corrleational

Accepted Answer

Tobin's study is an example of a mixed methods research study, which involves using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The unclear reporting of data in the results section suggests that Tobin may not have integrated the two types of data effectively, leading to confusion about which data was used to draw his conclusions.

Question 7

Fred reported on his qualitative study that investigated perceptions of higher-education by high-achieving but low SES students. In his report he does
Not provide any information about the context of the study. This is primarily a
Concern regarding his
A) instruments.
B) hypothesis.
C) analysis.
D) design and procedure.

Accepted Answer

The context of the study refers to the setting or circumstances in which the study was conducted. This includes information about the participants, location, and other relevant details. Omitting such information can impact the validity and interpretation of the study findings. As such, this is primarily a concern regarding the design and procedure of the study.

Question 8

Samantha was disappointed when she finished reading a survey study that assessed principals' hiring practices. The authors had drawn conclusions but had
Not indicated any frequency distributions for items so Samantha was unsure how
The conclusions were supported. This is primarily a problem with the
______________ section of the research report.
A) problem statement
B) hypothesis
C) method
D) results

Accepted Answer

The results section is where the frequency distributions and other statistical analyses should be reported to support the conclusions drawn by the authors. Therefore, the lack of such information in this section affects Samantha's ability to understand the study's findings.

Question 9

Diane read a research report of a study that used a translated version of a measure used in French Canadian schools in an English-speaking population in Nebraska.
There was little information about the approach the researchers took to
Translation and no mention of a pilot test. While this might be a flaw in the
Instrumentation of the study it is also a flaw in the
A) hypothesis
B) analysis.
C) design and procedure.
D) problem statement.

Accepted Answer

The lack of information about the approach to translation and absence of a pilot test is a flaw in the design and procedure of the study. It could potentially affect the validity and reliability of the measure and therefore affect the conclusions drawn from the analysis.

Question 10

Jackie wants to examine teachers' efficacy for her dissertation project. She has consulted with her committee and they have suggested that Jackie must make it clear how her qualitative and quantitative data relate. Which of the following types of research study does Jackie propose?
A) Ethnographic
B) Mixed methods
C) Experimental
D) Correlational

Accepted Answer

Jackie proposes a mixed methods study, which involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data. This will allow her to show how the data from each method complements and enhances the findings from the other, providing a more comprehensive overall understanding of teachers' efficacy.

Question 11

Chyleen owns a child care center for young children. She conducted a study of parents' perceptions of the need for structure in early learning environments. She was careful to report how her findings would benefit her practice as an early childhood learning professional. Chyleen's research would best be described as
A) ethnographic.
B) experimental.
C) action.
D) correlational.

Accepted Answer

Chyleen's research is action research, as she is conducting research with the aim of improving her practice and making changes in her child care center based on her findings.

Question 12

Of the following, which is a concern for correlational studies in particular?
A) Is the method used to record responses described?
B) Is the rationale for variable selection described?
C) Is a rationale for the design selection given?
D) Is the method for group formation described?

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies specifically require a clear rationale for the selection of variables to ensure that the variables studied are relevant and potentially linked in meaningful ways. This is crucial for interpreting the strength and direction of relationships between variables.

Question 13

Marjorie conducted a study of students' views of race relations in America. She did not, however, share information about her participants. Marjorie has demonstrated
A) a threat to internal validity.
B) a threat to external validity.
C) a threat to statistical conclusion validity.
D) a threat to reliability.

Accepted Answer

Marjorie has demonstrated a threat to external validity by not providing information about her participants. This makes it difficult to generalize her findings to other populations outside of her study.

Question 14

Donna, a reading specialist, compared reading motivation between two fifth grade classes. For one class she provided a free selection of books of their
Choice. For the other class she pre-selected the books for the students. Her
Hypothesis was that students given more choice in the library would have higher
Motivation to read. Her hypothesis was supported. Lisa, when reading her report, wondered if there were pre-existing differences between the classes that were not
Considered or if there were extraneous variables not addressed. These oversights
In Donna's work are primarily a problem with her
A) participants.
B) hypothesis.
C) design and procedure.
D) Instruments.

Accepted Answer

Donna's oversights in considering pre-existing differences between the classes or extraneous variables not addressed point to a problem with the design and procedure of her study.

Question 15

Ron is reviewing a qualitative study. Which of the following should be of concern to his review?
A) Is the deductive logic applied to the data to produce results stated in detail?
B) Is the rationale for variable selection described?
C) Were any control procedures used to equate the groups on extraneous variables?
D) Are sources of invalidity associated with the design identified and discussed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ron is reviewing a qualitative study. Which...

Question 16

Maria has turned in her honor's thesis that considers the prevalence of ability grouping in local intermediate grades. One of her readers questions the prompts that might have been provided to the participants and how the participants' responses were coded. Given this information, what type of study did Maria conduct for her thesis?
A) Causal-Comparative
B) Ethnographic
C) Mixed Methods
D) Experimental

Accepted Answer

Maria conducted a mixed methods study, which typically involves collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data. The fact that her reader questioned the prompts provided to participants and the coding of responses suggests that Maria collected qualitative data in the form of interviews or open-ended survey questions. The quantitative data may have come from observations or surveys using closed-ended questions.

Question 17

In several studies in a recent edition of a peer-reviewed journal, there is no reference in the articles about the ethnicity or race of the samples. There is a flaw
In the _______________ portion of the articles.
A) instruments
B) participants
C) analysis
D) design and procedures

Accepted Answer

The ethnicity or race of the samples should have been reported in the participants section of the articles. This information is important for understanding the generalizability of the findings and potential disparities in health outcomes among different racial and ethnic groups.

Question 18

When reviewing a research report that examined on-task behavior of ADHD children in various settings, Sue was confused because the data did not support
The recommendations for practice provided by the researchers. This
Overgeneralization is a flaw in the ______________ in the report.
A) statement of hypothesis
B) conclusions and recommendations
C) design and procedures
D) review of related literature

Accepted Answer

The flaw in the research report is in the conclusions and recommendations section because the data did not support the recommendations provided by the researchers.

Question 19

Monique read a study that included the use of eye-movement technology to collect data from young learning disabled readers. She would really like to
Replicate the study with an older population but there was no information about
The technology used in the study. This is considered a flaw in the
A) participants.
B) design and procedure.
C) analysis.
D) discussion.

Accepted Answer

The flaw in the study lies in the design and procedure as there was no information provided about the technology used, which is a crucial aspect of the study. This impacts the ability to replicate the study with an older population or make inferences based on the methodology.

Question 20

Ntozake conducted a study in which she observed bullying in a middle school physical education environment. She conducted the study over a three-week time period. This may not have been long enough to combat observer effects. This illustrates which of the following concerns with conclusions from Ntozake's study?
A) An instrumentation threat
B) An internal validity threat
C) A history threat
D) An external validity threat

Accepted Answer

An internal validity threat refers to factors that may affect the accuracy of the conclusions drawn from a study. In this case, the three-week time period may not have been long enough to control for observer effects, which could impact the accuracy of Ntozake's conclusions.

Quiz 22: Evaluating a Research Report

The question of whether data are time constrained is most relevant to which of the following types of research?

Jill reported in her research that there were significant differences between males and females on several items of a personality inventory. She conducted many t- Tests on a relatively small sample, without correcting for error rate problems. This Best illustrates a flaw in Jill's

Fred reported on his qualitative study that investigated perceptions of higher-education by high-achieving but low SES students. In his report he does Not provide any information about the context of the study. This is primarily a Concern regarding his

Jackie wants to examine teachers' efficacy for her dissertation project. She has consulted with her committee and they have suggested that Jackie must make it clear how her qualitative and quantitative data relate. Which of the following types of research study does Jackie propose?

Of the following, which is a concern for correlational studies in particular?

Marjorie conducted a study of students' views of race relations in America. She did not, however, share information about her participants. Marjorie has demonstrated

Ron is reviewing a qualitative study. Which of the following should be of concern to his review?

In several studies in a recent edition of a peer-reviewed journal, there is no reference in the articles about the ethnicity or race of the samples. There is a flaw In the _______________ portion of the articles.

When reviewing a research report that examined on-task behavior of ADHD children in various settings, Sue was confused because the data did not support The recommendations for practice provided by the researchers. This Overgeneralization is a flaw in the ______________ in the report.

Monique read a study that included the use of eye-movement technology to collect data from young learning disabled readers. She would really like to Replicate the study with an older population but there was no information about The technology used in the study. This is considered a flaw in the