Question 1

A standard 60-minute audio-taped interview will likely take approximately ________ to transcribe.
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 4 hours

Accepted Answer

Transcribing a 60-minute audio interview typically takes about 4 hours due to the need for careful listening, pausing, and typing, as well as ensuring accuracy and capturing all spoken words.

Question 2

When conducting a questionnaire study which of the following is an accurate statement regarding human research protocols?
A) In qualitative research studies with questionnaires, participants' information is not confidential.
B) In qualitative research studies with questionnaires, participants' waive their rights to confidentiality when they consent.
C) In qualitative research studies with questionnaires, participants anonymity is always maintained.
D) In qualitative research studies with questionnaire, participants' confidential information remains protected.

Accepted Answer

Human research protocols require that participants' confidential information remains protected, even in qualitative research studies with questionnaires. Participants must understand their right to privacy and provide informed consent before taking part in the study. Anonymity may also be maintained, but this is not a requirement for all studies. Choice A and B are incorrect because participants' information must be kept confidential, regardless of the type of research study. Choice C is also incorrect because anonymity may not always be maintained and is dependent on the research design and aims.

Question 3

As part of his research on young elite athletes, Chris was conducting a nonparticipant observation of a national youth track meet. Audrey started to ask him questions about his session before he had a chance to finish recording his field notes. He told her that he didn't want to discuss his session until after he had recorded his notes. Relying on your text content, which of the following is accurate regarding discussion of field notes?
A) Chris is right, discussion of the field notes at this time might alter his perceptions.
B) Chris is right, discussion of the field notes at this time is unethical.
C) Chris is wrong, discussion of the field notes at this time will help him to remember important details and description.
D) Chris is wrong, discussion of the field notes at this time will help him to understand what he has seen more deeply.

Accepted Answer

Chris is correct that discussing the field notes before recording them could alter his perceptions of the event. It is important to record the observations as objectively and accurately as possible before discussing or analyzing them. This helps to ensure the validity and reliability of the data collected. Additionally, discussing field notes with others may unintentionally introduce bias, leading to inaccurate conclusions or assumptions.

Question 4

Which of the following data collection techniques is most appropriate in order to address a practicing nurse's experiences while in a continuing education session?
A) Observation
B) Document analysis
C) Interview
D) Survey

Accepted Answer

Conducting an interview with the practicing nurse would be the most appropriate data collection technique as it would allow for in-depth exploration of their experiences during the continuing education session. This technique would allow the researcher to gather more detailed and nuanced information about the nurse's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors during the session. Observation could be intrusive or intimidating, document analysis might not reveal personal experiences, and a survey might not allow for the detailed information that an interview could provide.

Question 5

One difference between observers and interviewers is that
A) observers use protocols but interviewers do not.
B) interviewers use protocols but observers to not.
C) observers may not be face to face with the participant but interviewers generally are.
D) interviewers may not be face to face with the participants but observers generally are.

Accepted Answer

Observers may not need to be face to face with the participant, as they can observe behaviors from a distance (e.g. in a naturalistic setting or through video recordings). In contrast, interviewers generally need to be face to face with the participant in order to conduct an interview. The use of protocols (specific procedures or instructions) can vary for both observers and interviewers, and is not necessarily a defining difference between the two methods.

Question 6

Nancy is interviewing graduate students regarding their opinion of a graduate student union. She uses a predetermined protocol, takes notes, and also audiotapes the sessions. After each session Nancy types the audiotapes, verbatim, into a computer file. Nancy is best illustrating
A) memoing.
B) transcribing.
C) interpreting.
D) categorizing.

Accepted Answer

Nancy is transcribing the audiotapes by typing them verbatim into a computer file. Transcribing involves the process of converting spoken language into written form.

Question 7

Interviews generally used to gather basic information at the start of a study are referred to as
A) structured.
B) informal.
C) unstructured.
D) spontaneous.

Accepted Answer

Structured interviews are planned and organized, with a predetermined set of questions designed to gather specific information. This type of interview is commonly used at the start of a study to gather basic information. Informal, unstructured, and spontaneous interviews are less organized and may not have a specific set of questions, making them less useful for gathering specific information in a study.

Question 8

Luke is conducting an interview study with parents regarding separation anxiety in preschool children. He first starts by asking the parent if his or her child experiences separation anxiety. This first question on Luke's interview protocol is considered an)
A) nonverbal question.
B) convergent question.
C) open question.
D) A priori question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Luke is conducting an interview study with...

Question 9

Consistent with guidelines in your text for field notes, researchers should
A) include only descriptive information in field notes.
B) include only reflective information in field notes.
C) record descriptive and reflective information together in field notes .
D) record descriptive and reflective information separately in field notes.

Accepted Answer

According to research guidelines, field notes should include both descriptive and reflective information, but these types of information should be recorded separately to maintain clarity and organization. Descriptive information captures the factual, observable elements of the research setting, while reflective information includes the researcher's personal reactions, thoughts, and interpretations. Separating these helps in maintaining objectivity and facilitates easier analysis.

Question 10

Of the following, which is NOT a means to collect data from an interview?
A) Writing notes after the interview
B) Having the participant write their responses
C) Writing notes during the interview
D) Videotaping the interview

Accepted Answer

Having the participant write their responses is not a means to collect data from an interview as it is not an interview method, but rather a survey or questionnaire method. The other options - writing notes during the interview, videotaping the interview, and writing notes after the interview, are all commonly used methods for collecting data from interviews.

Question 11

Deirdre studies Irish-American culture as demonstrated in urban areas with large concentrations of Irish-Americans and small communities in rural areas that have remained tied to their Irish roots. As an Irish-American herself, she has decided to move to a Irish-American community to reside for the duration of her study. While there she will observe the community. Deirdre is displaying which form of data collection?
A) Participant observation
B) Covert observation
C) Overt observation
D) Nonparticipant observation

Accepted Answer

Deirdre is immersing herself in the Irish-American community, living and observing firsthand their culture and practices. This is an example of participant observation, where the observer becomes part of the group being studied.

Question 12

Debbie was observing classes in a small rural school as part of her study on opportunities in the arts in diverse school districts. She heard several teachers make reference to the upcoming 'play day' within the context of their lessons. Not knowing what the 'play day' was, Debbie pulled the principal aside and asked her to explain. In this example, Debbie is best illustrating an)
A) formal interview.
B) structured interview.
C) semi-structured interview.
D) informal interview.

Accepted Answer

Debbie's conversation with the principal was not planned or structured in any particular way, making it an example of an informal interview.

Question 13

Susan is conducting interviews with successful technology entrepreneurs. She needs to pilot her interview protocol. Of the following, who would constitute the most appropriate pilot group?
A) Other technology entrepreneurs
B) Entrepreneurs in other fields
C) Those who invest in technology entrepreneurs
D) Employees of technology entrepreneurs

Accepted Answer

Other technology entrepreneurs would be the most appropriate pilot group as they have firsthand experience with the subject matter and can provide valuable feedback on the interview protocol. Entrepreneurs in other fields, those who invest in technology entrepreneurs, and employees of technology entrepreneurs may also provide insights, but their perspectives may not be as relevant or helpful in refining the protocol.

Question 14

Jeb studies the motivation of young environmentalists. He wants to understand more about the ways in which these children think about environmental issues and how their ideas have developed. He identifies participants through a local 'green kids' group and goes to their next meeting. He selects several of the children through convenience, and asks them open-ended questions that he has written down in advance. He records their responses as they answer the questions. Jeb is best displaying which of the following types of interviews?
A) Unstructured and informal.
B) Unstructured and formal .
C) Structured and informal
D) Unstructured  and informal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jeb studies the motivation of young environmentalists....

Question 15

Finn is a qualitative researcher setting out to conduct his first interview of his study. He isn't sure if he should record the interview. Given recommendations regarding data collection methods, please advise Finn.
A) Qualitative researchers do not generally record the first interview.
B) Qualitative researchers recommend recording the interview.
C) Qualitative researchers do not record novice interviewers.
D) Qualitative researchers recommend only video recording interviews.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative researchers recommend recording the interview to ensure accuracy in data collection and analysis. Recording the interview allows the researcher to capture all the nuances of the interviewee's responses, which can be revisited and analyzed in more depth later. It also prevents the researcher from missing any important details during the interview itself. However, it is important to obtain consent from the participant before recording and to take measures to protect their confidentiality.

Question 16

Peter is interested in the characteristics of teaching in a start-up charter school. Peter holds a teaching certificate and has arranged a sabbatical from his university position to teach in the school as part of his fieldwork. Peter is displaying which form of data collection?
A) Participant observation
B) Covert observation
C) Nonparticipant observation
D) External observation

Accepted Answer

Peter is actively participating in the charter school by teaching there and observing the characteristics of teaching in the start-up charter school. This form of data collection is participant observation.

Question 17

Whether the researcher was able to present the data without being judgmental is the definition of which form of qualitative research validity?
A) Evaluative
B) Descriptive
C) Theoretical
D) Interpretive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whether the researcher was able to present...

Question 18

According to your text, using educational records generally includes all EXCEPT the following data sources?
A) journals
B) videotapes
C) maps
D) surveys

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text, using educational records...

Question 19

Of the following, the data collection method of choice in interview studies is
A) writing notes after the interview.
B) having the participant write their responses.
C) writing notes during the interview.
D) videotaping the interview.

Accepted Answer

Videotaping the interview allows for a more accurate and complete record of the interview than writing notes during or after the interview. It also allows for nonverbal cues and body language to be captured, which can provide additional insight and understanding of the interviewee's responses.

Question 20

Of the following, which is a suggestion to researchers regarding field notes?
A) Engage as deeply as possible as soon as possible
B) Write field notes after you have had time to reflect
C) Document the date, site, topic, and time on your field notes.
D) While in the field focus your attention to your reactions and feelings.

Accepted Answer

Documenting the date, site, topic, and time on your field notes is essential for accurately and efficiently organizing your research data. It allows researchers to easily locate notes and track changes over time. Engaging deeply, reflecting after the fact, and paying attention to personal reactions and feelings are also important aspects of taking effective field notes, but these suggestions are not as crucial as documenting important details.

Quiz 14: Qualitative Data Collection

A standard 60-minute audio-taped interview will likely take approximately ________ to transcribe.

When conducting a questionnaire study which of the following is an accurate statement regarding human research protocols?

Which of the following data collection techniques is most appropriate in order to address a practicing nurse's experiences while in a continuing education session?

One difference between observers and interviewers is that

Nancy is interviewing graduate students regarding their opinion of a graduate student union. She uses a predetermined protocol, takes notes, and also audiotapes the sessions. After each session Nancy types the audiotapes, verbatim, into a computer file. Nancy is best illustrating

Interviews generally used to gather basic information at the start of a study are referred to as

Luke is conducting an interview study with parents regarding separation anxiety in preschool children. He first starts by asking the parent if his or her child experiences separation anxiety. This first question on Luke's interview protocol is considered an)

Consistent with guidelines in your text for field notes, researchers should

Of the following, which is NOT a means to collect data from an interview?

Susan is conducting interviews with successful technology entrepreneurs. She needs to pilot her interview protocol. Of the following, who would constitute the most appropriate pilot group?

Finn is a qualitative researcher setting out to conduct his first interview of his study. He isn't sure if he should record the interview. Given recommendations regarding data collection methods, please advise Finn.

Peter is interested in the characteristics of teaching in a start-up charter school. Peter holds a teaching certificate and has arranged a sabbatical from his university position to teach in the school as part of his fieldwork. Peter is displaying which form of data collection?

Whether the researcher was able to present the data without being judgmental is the definition of which form of qualitative research validity?

According to your text, using educational records generally includes all EXCEPT the following data sources?

Of the following, the data collection method of choice in interview studies is

Of the following, which is a suggestion to researchers regarding field notes?