Question 1

The statistical test that allows us to determine the degree to which variables are related is the
A) ANCOVA.
B) MANOVA.
C) Multiple Regression.
D) Chi Square.

Accepted Answer

The statistical test that allows us to determine the degree to which variables are related is multiple regression. ANCOVA is used to compare means between groups while controlling for a continuous variable, MANOVA is used to compare means between multiple dependent variables, and Chi Square is used for categorical data analysis. Multiple regression is specifically suited for examining the relationship between a dependent variable and multiple independent variables.

Question 2

Shani is testing whether her intervention designed to increase self-reported tolerance for others in aggressive youth is effective. She administers her scale before and after the intervention and concludes that her intervention is effective. Which analysis did Shani use?
A) Independent t test
B) Dependent t test
C) ANCOVA
D) ANOVA

Accepted Answer

Shani used a dependent t test because she is comparing the scores of the same group before and after the intervention.

Question 3

When one does follow-up tests to determine significant differences between groups in a comparison between means test, one test to use is the
A) nonindependent t.
B) Scheffe test.
C) Chi Square.
D) Pearson r.

Accepted Answer

The Scheffe test is appropriate for follow-up tests in a comparison between means test because it takes into account multiple comparisons, controlling the Type I error rate. The nonindependent t-test assumes equal variances and equal sample sizes, and is not appropriate for follow-up tests. The Chi Square and Pearson r tests are for testing associations between categorical and continuous variables, respectively, and are not appropriate for a comparison between means test.

Question 4

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows:
-D=
A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 24

Accepted Answer

To calculate a non-independent t-test, we need to find the difference between the pre and post values for each student.

So, we subtract pre from post for each student and obtain the following differences:

7-2 = 5
15-7 = 8
18-8 = 10
30-20 = 10
22-14 = 8
25-18 = 7

Then we can find the mean of these differences (D):

D = (5 + 8 + 10 + 10 + 8 + 7) / 6 = 8

Finally, we can use this D value and the standard deviation of the differences to calculate the t-value and determine if there is a significant difference between pre and post values for the group.

Question 5

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows:
-mean D=
A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 10

Accepted Answer

The formula for a non-independent t-test is mean D = (M1 - M2) / (SDD / √n), where M1 is the mean of the pre-test scores, M2 is the mean of the post-test scores, SDD is the standard deviation of the difference scores, and n is the number of participants.

Question 6

Andy compared students' ability to transfer learning from three different Types of instructional materials. He found that there were pre-existing group differences between his conditions. Which of the following is the appropriate analysis technique for Andy to use?
A) Nonindependent t test
B) Independent t test
C) MANOVA
D) ANCOVA

Accepted Answer

ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) is the appropriate analysis technique when there are pre-existing group differences between conditions. It allows the researcher to control for the effects of these group differences on the dependent variable, increasing the accuracy of the analysis. ANCOVA is a more powerful technique than a nonindependent or independent t-test because it takes into account the pre-existing group differences. MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) is not necessary in this case since there is only one dependent variable being measured.

Question 7

Given the following groups of scores, to test for differences between means it is most likely that an ANOVA would be calculated.
-Given the above formula N =
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 15

Accepted Answer

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is typically used to test for differences between means in three or more groups, so a choice of 3 groups (B) would be the best option for calculating an ANOVA. One group (A) or five groups (C) may be too few or too many to warrant an ANOVA. 15 groups (D) would be excessive and may not be feasible to analyze using ANOVA.

Question 8

Given a set of scores with a mean of 80, standard deviation of 8 and a sample size of 200, calculate the standard error of the mean.
A) .57
B) .85
C) 1.18
D) 1.62

Accepted Answer

The standard error of the mean (SEM) is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the sample size. SEM = 8 / sqrt(200) = 8 / 14.14 = .57.

Question 9

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -The formula for degrees of freedom for independent t tests is n₁+n₂-2). Therefore, the degrees of freedom for this dataset equals A) 4 B) 5 C) 8 D) 10

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following data for two groups,...

Question 10

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows:
-If degrees of freedom equal N-1 where N is the number of pairs, the degrees of freedom are
A) 1
B) 4
C) 9
D) 14

Accepted Answer

From the data set, we can see that there are 10 pairs of data (pre and post scores for each student). Therefore, the degrees of freedom for the non-independent t-test will be N-1 = 10-1 = 9. Hence, the correct answer is C) 9.

Question 11

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for significance one must also calculate the X₁)². The X₁)²= A) 25 B) 35 C) 133 D) 255

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following data for two groups,...

Question 12

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows:
-t=
A) .44
B) 2
C) 4.27
D) 4.54

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following pre and post data...

Question 13

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for differences between these two groups the researcher will employ an independent groups t-test. To calculate the independent groups t-test, one must calculate the X₁ The X₁₌ A) 5 B) 7 C) 25 D) 35

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following data for two groups,...

Question 14

Given the following groups of scores, to test for differences between means it is most likely that an ANOVA would be calculated. -Given the above formula, X² = A) 61 B) 70 C) 248 D) 277

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following groups of scores, to...

Question 15

Given equal F and equal degrees of freedom, and a change from p=.01 to p=.05, the needed F ratio to indicate significant differences between groups will
A) remain constant.
B) decrease.
C) increase.
D) may either increase or decrease.

Accepted Answer

As the p-value increases from .01 to .05, the critical F ratio needed to indicate significant differences decreases, making it easier to achieve significance.

Question 16

Given a group of 100 individuals queried at random from a busy urban street, 75 stated they preferred Indian food and 25 stated that they prefer Thai food. The expected frequency would be 50 and 50. A Chi Square test would be used to calculate the differences between the observed and the expected frequencies.
-In order to calculate the Chi Square, the degrees of freedom are calculated as C-1. How many degrees of freedom are there in this example?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given a group of 100 individuals queried...

Question 17

Vincente intends to examine differences between three groups of district curriculum coordinators that received either no formal training, a web-based training, or a cooperative group experience as instruction for the core standards. He tested participants' knowledge of the standards both before treatment and then after treatment. Given his design, which of the following analysis should Vincente conduct?
A) Independent t test
B) Dependent t test
C) ANCOVA
D) ANOVA

Accepted Answer

ANCOVA is appropriate here as it allows for the comparison of post-treatment scores across the three groups while controlling for pre-treatment scores as a covariate.

Question 18

Nelson's recent study tested differences in problem-solving ability based upon science ability, treatment instruction, no instruction), and gender. Of the following, which test should Nelson employ?
A) Chi Square
B) t-test
C) ANOVA
D) Multiple Regression

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nelson's recent study tested differences in problem-solving...

Question 19

If an observed F value with 1 degree of freedom within and 12 degrees of freedom between and a significance level of p=.05 is 4.80 and the table value is 4.75 what can the researcher conclude?
A) He has proven there are differences between groups.
B) There are no differences between groups.
C) Differences between groups are due to chance.
D) Differences between groups are greater than those expected by chance.

Accepted Answer

The observed F value is greater than the table value, indicating that there are differences between groups that are greater than those expected by chance. Therefore, the researcher can conclude that there are significant differences between groups.

Question 20

Given a group of 100 individuals queried at random from a busy urban street, 75 stated they preferred Indian food and 25 stated that they prefer Thai food. The expected frequency would be 50 and 50. A Chi Square test would be used to calculate the differences between the observed and the expected frequencies.
-Given the following formula, calculate Chi Sq
A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 125

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given a group of 100 individuals queried...

Quiz 13: Inferential Statistics

The statistical test that allows us to determine the degree to which variables are related is the

Shani is testing whether her intervention designed to increase self-reported tolerance for others in aggressive youth is effective. She administers her scale before and after the intervention and concludes that her intervention is effective. Which analysis did Shani use?

When one does follow-up tests to determine significant differences between groups in a comparison between means test, one test to use is the

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows: -D=

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows: -mean D=

Andy compared students' ability to transfer learning from three different Types of instructional materials. He found that there were pre-existing group differences between his conditions. Which of the following is the appropriate analysis technique for Andy to use?

Given the following groups of scores, to test for differences between means it is most likely that an ANOVA would be calculated. -Given the above formula N =

Given a set of scores with a mean of 80, standard deviation of 8 and a sample size of 200, calculate the standard error of the mean.

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -The formula for degrees of freedom for independent t tests is n₁+n₂-2) . Therefore, the degrees of freedom for this dataset equals

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for significance one must also calculate the X₁) ². The X₁) ²=

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows: -t=

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for differences between these two groups the researcher will employ an independent groups t-test. To calculate the independent groups t-test, one must calculate the X₁ The X₁₌

Given the following groups of scores, to test for differences between means it is most likely that an ANOVA would be calculated. -Given the above formula, X² =

Given equal F and equal degrees of freedom, and a change from p=.01 to p=.05, the needed F ratio to indicate significant differences between groups will

Nelson's recent study tested differences in problem-solving ability based upon science ability, treatment instruction, no instruction) , and gender. Of the following, which test should Nelson employ?

If an observed F value with 1 degree of freedom within and 12 degrees of freedom between and a significance level of p=.05 is 4.80 and the table value is 4.75 what can the researcher conclude?

Quiz 13: Inferential Statistics

The statistical test that allows us to determine the degree to which variables are related is the

Shani is testing whether her intervention designed to increase self-reported tolerance for others in aggressive youth is effective. She administers her scale before and after the intervention and concludes that her intervention is effective. Which analysis did Shani use?

When one does follow-up tests to determine significant differences between groups in a comparison between means test, one test to use is the

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows: -D=

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows: -mean D=

Andy compared students' ability to transfer learning from three different Types of instructional materials. He found that there were pre-existing group differences between his conditions. Which of the following is the appropriate analysis technique for Andy to use?

Given the following groups of scores, to test for differences between means it is most likely that an ANOVA would be calculated. -Given the above formula N =

Given a set of scores with a mean of 80, standard deviation of 8 and a sample size of 200, calculate the standard error of the mean.

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -The formula for degrees of freedom for independent t tests is n1+n2-2) . Therefore, the degrees of freedom for this dataset equals

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for significance one must also calculate the X1) 2. The X1) 2=

Given the following pre and post data set for students completing number of push-ups in 30 seconds, if we were to determine if there are differences between pre and post we would calculate a non independent t test. The formula follows: -t=

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for differences between these two groups the researcher will employ an independent groups t-test. To calculate the independent groups t-test, one must calculate the X1 The X1=

Given the following groups of scores, to test for differences between means it is most likely that an ANOVA would be calculated. -Given the above formula, X2 =

Given equal F and equal degrees of freedom, and a change from p=.01 to p=.05, the needed F ratio to indicate significant differences between groups will

Nelson's recent study tested differences in problem-solving ability based upon science ability, treatment instruction, no instruction) , and gender. Of the following, which test should Nelson employ?

If an observed F value with 1 degree of freedom within and 12 degrees of freedom between and a significance level of p=.05 is 4.80 and the table value is 4.75 what can the researcher conclude?

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -The formula for degrees of freedom for independent t tests is n₁+n₂-2) . Therefore, the degrees of freedom for this dataset equals

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for significance one must also calculate the X₁) ². The X₁) ²=

Given the following data for two groups, answer questions 50-52. -To test for differences between these two groups the researcher will employ an independent groups t-test. To calculate the independent groups t-test, one must calculate the X₁ The X₁₌

Given the following groups of scores, to test for differences between means it is most likely that an ANOVA would be calculated. -Given the above formula, X² =