Question 1

Women but not men become increasingly conscientious with age.

Accepted Answer

Both men and women tend to become more conscientious as they age, reflecting a general trend in personality development rather than a gender-specific phenomenon.

Question 2

According to Ashton and colleagues' analyses, what sixth factor did proponents of the Big Five miss?
A) Openness.
B) Honesty/humility.
C) Conscientiousness.
D) Psychoticism.

Accepted Answer

Ashton and colleagues' analyses suggest that proponents of the Big Five missed the factor of honesty/humility, which they have included in their HEXACO model.

Question 3

If research suggests that some traits are universal, whereas others are unique to specific cultures, then the fundamental lexical hypothesis is completely invalid.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental lexical hypothesis states that all important traits will be encoded in language, and this has been supported by cross-cultural research. While some traits may be more universal than others, the existence of any trait in a given culture supports the validity of the lexical hypothesis.

Question 4

McCrae and Costa give equal emphasis to genes and environment.

Accepted Answer

McCrae and Costa, in their Five Factor Model of personality, emphasize the influence of biological and genetic factors on personality traits, but they do not give equal emphasis to environment; genetic heritability is often highlighted as a significant factor in their theory.

Question 5

According to the Big Five, intelligence is a major component of personality.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence is not considered a personality trait in the Big Five model. The five traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 6

The NEO-PI was specifically designed to measure the basic five factors.

Accepted Answer

The NEO-PI, or the NEO Personality Inventory, was specifically designed to measure the five factor model of personality, which includes openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 7

Eysenck's three factors can be located in the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's three factors (Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism) have been found to align with the Big Five personality traits (Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience) through numerous studies. Specifically, Psychoticism is related to low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, Extraversion is related to high Extraversion, and Neuroticism is related to high Neuroticism.

Question 8

Trait data on Jim brought out his
A) mood swings.
B) strong appetite.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trait data on Jim brought out his
A)...

Question 9

Proponents of the NEO-PI also advocate the use of projective tests in the study of personality.

Accepted Answer

Proponents of the NEO-PI do not typically advocate for the use of projective tests in the study of personality. The NEO-PI is a self-report questionnaire designed to measure the Big Five personality traits.

Question 10

NEO-PI data on Jim suggested that he and his wife disagreed on the trait(s) of
A) N.
B) A.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).

Accepted Answer

The answer of NEO-PI data on Jim suggested that he...

Question 11

The Big Five can usefully integrate the work of Cattell and Eysenck.

Accepted Answer

The Big Five model of personality traits can be considered an integration of the work of multiple researchers, including Cattell's 16 Personality Factors (16PF) and Eysenck's three-factor theory. The Big Five factors (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) are believed to cover a broader range of personality traits than either the 16PF or three-factor models, but they have roots in the earlier work of Cattell and Eysenck.

Question 12

A problem with the five-factor model is that it shows no links with other personality concepts.

Accepted Answer

The five-factor model has been found to have links and overlap with other personality concepts and theories, such as Eysenck's personality dimensions and Allport's trait theory.

Question 13

The discovery of the basic structure of personality through the factor analysis of ratings is comparable to the methods used in physics and chemistry.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The discovery of the basic structure of...

Question 14

Recent research on the five-factor model indicates that
A) all individual persons display all of the personality traits in the five-factor model
B) no individual people have any of the five-factor personality traits
C) individual people may show personality tendencies that vary from the population structure
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Recent research on the five-factor model indicates that while there is a population structure of personality traits, individual people may vary in their personality tendencies and may not display all of the personality traits in the model.

Question 15

McCrae and Costa suggest there is an intrinsic maturation to personality.

Accepted Answer

McCrae and Costa's Five Factor Model of personality suggests that there is an intrinsic maturation to personality, meaning that individuals will naturally develop and change in their personality traits over time as they age and experience various life events.

Question 16

People become increasingly conscientious with age.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people tend to become more conscientious as they age. This can be attributed to a variety of factors such as increased life experience, maturation, and a better understanding of personal values and goals.

Question 17

Research by Twenge indicates that, in the past few decades, scores on the personality trait of anxiety have ___________ in the population at large.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) remain unchanged

Accepted Answer

Twenge's research indicates that scores on the personality trait of anxiety have increased in the population at large in the past few decades.

Question 18

The fundamental lexical hypothesis suggests that people basically are language oriented.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental lexical hypothesis suggests that all important personality traits are encoded in language.

Question 19

Research by Twenge on historical changes in personality traits scores _____ five-factor theory.
A) supports
B) contradicts
C) is irrelevant to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research by Twenge on historical changes in...

Question 20

The Big Five factor showing the least cross-instrument agreement is Openness.

Accepted Answer

Openness is considered the least consistent factor across different personality assessment instruments. This is due to differences in how it is defined and measured among various theories and models.

Quiz 8: Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach