Question 1

Benjamin is overweight. Claudette is obese. Dean is morbidly obese. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Claudette's BMI is between 30 and 40.
B) Dean's BMI is at least 50.
C) Benjamin's BMI is between 30 and 35.
D) Claudette's BMI is 40 or higher.

Accepted Answer

Claudette being obese means her BMI is between 30 and 39.9, not necessarily between 30 and 40 exactly, but A is the closest to accurate based on standard BMI classifications.

Question 2

According to your text, how does aggression differ from such motives as thermoregulation and hunger?
A) The physiological basis of aggression is poorly understood; the physiological foundations of thermoregulation and hunger are clear.
B) Aggression is influenced by cultural factors; thermoregulation and hunger are not.
C) Aggression is regulated primarily by external rather than internal triggers.
D) Human aggression is very different from aggression in other species; thermoregulation and hunger are similar across species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text, how does aggression...

Question 3

Twelve pairs of male identical twins were fed 1,000 calories above the amount needed to maintain initial weight. Also, during the experiment, the twins were not allowed to exercise. The results? All men gained weight. But even more interesting was this:
A) Each twin in a twin pair gained different amounts of weight.
B) The twins gained weight in different areas of the body: For some, it was the abdomen, and for others it was the rear end.
C) The twins gained weight in the same areas of the body.
D) There was actually a negative correlation between the amount of weight one twin in a pair gained and the amount the other twin in the pair gained.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins have the same genetic makeup, so they tend to gain weight in similar areas of the body due to their genetic predispositions.

Question 4

Which form of aggression is more common in girls than in boys?
A) verbal or social assaults
B) territorial aggression
C) passive aggression
D) murder

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that girls are more likely to engage in verbal or social aggression, such as spreading rumors or excluding others from social events, than physical aggression such as hitting or pushing.

Question 5

The physiologist associated with the phrase "fight or flight" is __________.
A) Walter Cannon
B) William James
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Howard Gardner

Accepted Answer

Walter Cannon is widely credited with coining the phrase "fight or flight" to describe the physiological response to stress, which involves the sympathetic nervous system preparing the body for action.

Question 6

Natalie's BMI is 26. She is best described as __________.
A) normal weight
B) overweight
C) obese
D) morbidly obese

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 26 is considered overweight.

Question 7

Your text describes a study in which participants viewed photos of fat and thin women and decided whether or not letter strings presented on a computer screen spelled real words. According to your text's chapter on memory, what is the name for the letter task?
A) free recall
B) inspection time
C) fragment completion
D) lexical decision

Accepted Answer

The name for the letter task described in the study is "lexical decision," where participants had to decide whether the letter string formed a real word or not.

Question 8

Your friend wishes to eat less in order to lose weight. Which of the following pieces of advice is contradicted by your text's discussion of hunger and eating?
A) "Eat with other people; you'll feel pressure to keep your portions small."
B) "Don't grocery shop when you are hungry."
C) "Use smaller plates."
D) "Build exercise into your daily routine to burn calories."

Accepted Answer

Eating with other people can actually lead to consuming more food, not less, due to social facilitation where people tend to eat more when they are in the company of others.

Question 9

Brenna claims that she does have a negative attitude toward overweight people. She participates in a study in which she views photos of fat and thin women on a computer screen and then determines whether or not letter strings spell real words. Based on your text's discussion, which of the following statements describes Brenna's likely performance in this task?
A) Brenna will respond equally rapidly to positive and negative words after viewing photos of fat women.
B) Brenna will be slower to respond to positive than to negative words after viewing photos of fat women.
C) Brenna will be faster to respond to positive than to negative words after viewing photos of fat women.
D) Brenna will respond more rapidly to positive words after viewing photos of thin women than after viewing photos of fat women.

Accepted Answer

Brenna's claim of not having a negative attitude toward overweight people may not be consciously recognized, but implicit attitudes (unconscious biases) can influence behavior. Studies suggest that individuals often have implicit biases against overweight people, leading them to associate negative attributes more quickly than positive ones after being primed with images of overweight individuals.

Question 10

What does the "thrifty gene" hypothesis propose?
A) Those predisposed to obesity would have survived better in the world of our ancestors than would those predisposed to thinness.
B) Those predisposed to thinness would have survived better in the world of our ancestors than would those predisposed to obesity.
C) Those predisposed to obesity are better suited to today's affluent cultures than are those predisposed to thinness.
D) Those predisposed to obesity and those predisposed to thinness are equally well suited to today's affluent cultures.

Accepted Answer

The "thrifty gene" hypothesis proposes that those who are genetically predisposed to storing more fat and conserving energy would have had an evolutionary advantage in times of food scarcity, as they could survive longer without food. However, in modern times with abundant food availability, this predisposition leads to obesity.

Question 11

What does Aldolph's (1947) study using rats tell us about the set point for weight, and why?
A) The set point determines the number of calories we consume. The rats in the study varied the volume of food they consumed to maintain a relatively constant calorie intake.
B) The set point determines the volume of food we consume. The rats in the study varied their calorie intake to continue consuming a relatively steady volume of food.
C) The set point is quite variable. The rats' calorie intake changed quite dramatically from day to day.
D) The set point is relatively fixed. The rats' calorie intake changed very little from day to day.

Accepted Answer

Aldolph's study showed that rats adjusted the volume of food they consumed to maintain a constant calorie intake, suggesting that the set point for weight influences the number of calories consumed rather than the volume of food.

Question 12

Your text describes a study in which participants viewed photos of fat and thin women and decided whether or not letter strings on a computer screen spelled real words. Which of the following is the study's main result?
A) Participants responded equally rapidly to positive and negative words after viewing photos of fat women.
B) Participants were faster to respond to positive than to negative words after viewing photos of fat women.
C) Participants were slower to respond to positive than to negative words after viewing photos of fat women.
D) Participants responded more rapidly to positive words after viewing photos of thin women than after viewing photos of fat women.

Accepted Answer

The study's main result indicates that participants were slower to respond to positive words after viewing photos of fat women, suggesting a bias or negative association with fatness.

Question 13

Regarding the recent increase in the obesity rate, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) During the past 15 years, the proportion of American adults who are obese has increased from one-quarter to nearly one-third.
B) The increase in the prevalence of obesity is largely confined to North America.
C) More than one-half of American adults are obese.
D) The increase in the rate of obesity continued during the 1990s, but has leveled off in recent years.

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided in the question, the proportion of American adults who are obese has increased from one-quarter to nearly one-third during the past 15 years. Therefore, statement A is true. Statement B is false because the increase in obesity rates is not limited to North America. Statement C is also false because it states that more than half of American adults are obese, which is not supported by the information given. Statement D is false because the question does not provide evidence to suggest that obesity rates have leveled off in recent years.

Question 14

Charlotte meets Will, an old high school friend, at a party and is startled to learn that he went from 150 to 280 pounds in the year since his automobile accident. Damage to which area of the hypothalamus might account for his weight gain?
A) dual center
B) hypermedial
C) ventromedial
D) lateral

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial area of the hypothalamus is responsible for regulating food intake and satiety. Damage to this area can result in hyperphagia (excessive eating) and weight gain.

Question 15

Which of the following is identified in your text as a question of interest to current obesity researchers?
A) Have reports exaggerated the increase in the prevalence of obesity?
B) What are some potential genetic explanations of the increase in obesity?
C) How severe are the health risks for morbidly obese persons.
D) How severe are the health risks for moderately obese persons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is identified in...

Question 16

What might demonstrations of both physiological and cultural influences on eating have to say with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue, if anything?
A) They suggest that the motive to eat is largely a matter of nature, not nurture.
B) They suggest that the motive to eat reflects an interaction between nature and nurture.
C) They suggest that the motive to eat is largely a matter of nurture, not nature.
D) They do little to inform the nature vs. nurture debate.

Accepted Answer

Demonstrations of both physiological and cultural influences on eating suggest that the motive to eat reflects an interaction between nature and nurture, rather than being solely determined by one or the other. This supports the idea that human behavior is shaped by a complex interplay of biological and environmental factors, rather than being determined by either nature or nurture alone.

Question 17

Why might it be a bad idea to think of obesity as a genetic defect?
A) Some people lack adipose cells altogether but still become obese.
B) Obesity is too rare.
C) All people seem to be equally sensitive to leptin, a chemical secreted by fat cells.
D) The genes leading to fat storage may have conferred a survival advantage: They were assets for our ancestors, not defects.

Accepted Answer

The genes that promote fat storage were likely beneficial for our ancestors, helping them survive periods of food scarcity by storing energy as fat. This historical perspective suggests that what we now consider a genetic predisposition to obesity may have been an evolutionary advantage, rather than a defect.

Question 18

Arnie is morbidly obese. Which of the following is FALSE?
A) His weight is probably about 100 pounds higher than the ideal weight for a man of his height.
B) His BMI is 40 or more.
C) His weight must be at least 50 pounds above the ideal for a man of his height.
D) He is subject to serious health risks.

Accepted Answer

The statement "His weight must be at least 50 pounds above the ideal for a man of his height" is not necessarily true. The amount of weight above the ideal weight can vary depending on the individual's height and body composition. The other statements are true - Arnie's weight is probably about 100 pounds higher than his ideal weight, his BMI is 40 or more, and he is subject to serious health risks.

Question 19

Why does the current rise in the obesity rate reflect cultural rather than genetic influences?
A) The rise in the prevalence of obesity has been largely confined to North America.
B) The increase began only very recently.
C) The increase has occurred very rapidly.
D) The increase in the obesity rate has occurred in a number of places in the world.

Accepted Answer

The rapid increase in obesity rates suggests cultural influences, as genetic changes occur over much longer periods.

Question 20

Your text describes the influence of culture on hunger and eating. Would the existence of such influences pose a problem for instinct and drive theories of motivation?
A) No. Drive and instinct theorists explicitly considered cultural influences on motivation.
B) Yes. Drive and instinct theories suggest that motivation is largely innate and physiological rather than learned and cultural.
C) Not really. Cultural influences on eating are largely irrelevant from the perspective of instinct and drive theories.
D) Somewhat. Instinct and drive theories were focused mainly on psychological motivations, rather than physiological ones like hunger and eating.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your text describes the influence of culture...

Quiz 12: Motivation and Emotion

Benjamin is overweight. Claudette is obese. Dean is morbidly obese. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

According to your text, how does aggression differ from such motives as thermoregulation and hunger?

Twelve pairs of male identical twins were fed 1,000 calories above the amount needed to maintain initial weight. Also, during the experiment, the twins were not allowed to exercise. The results? All men gained weight. But even more interesting was this:

Which form of aggression is more common in girls than in boys?

The physiologist associated with the phrase "fight or flight" is __________.

Natalie's BMI is 26. She is best described as __________.

Your text describes a study in which participants viewed photos of fat and thin women and decided whether or not letter strings presented on a computer screen spelled real words. According to your text's chapter on memory, what is the name for the letter task?

Your friend wishes to eat less in order to lose weight. Which of the following pieces of advice is contradicted by your text's discussion of hunger and eating?

What does the "thrifty gene" hypothesis propose?

What does Aldolph's (1947) study using rats tell us about the set point for weight, and why?

Your text describes a study in which participants viewed photos of fat and thin women and decided whether or not letter strings on a computer screen spelled real words. Which of the following is the study's main result?

Regarding the recent increase in the obesity rate, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Charlotte meets Will, an old high school friend, at a party and is startled to learn that he went from 150 to 280 pounds in the year since his automobile accident. Damage to which area of the hypothalamus might account for his weight gain?

Which of the following is identified in your text as a question of interest to current obesity researchers?

What might demonstrations of both physiological and cultural influences on eating have to say with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue, if anything?

Why might it be a bad idea to think of obesity as a genetic defect?

Arnie is morbidly obese. Which of the following is FALSE?

Why does the current rise in the obesity rate reflect cultural rather than genetic influences?

Your text describes the influence of culture on hunger and eating. Would the existence of such influences pose a problem for instinct and drive theories of motivation?