Question 1

Which of the following is not a good example of dramatic play?
A) imitation of a parent's behavior
B) reading a book
C) pretending to be a clown
D) role playing the role of "teacher"

Accepted Answer

Dramatic play develops at about age 3 or 4 and is characterized by meaningful interactions among children, often including imitation, pretending, and role playing.

Question 2

The text suggests that children benefit from playing with other children who are older and younger than they are. Why?
A) Older children can model for younger children, providing scaffolding.
B) Older children teach rules of discipline better than same-age children.
C) Younger children allow children to escape reality, thereby fostering dramatic play.
D) Younger children help older children practice their language skills better than same-age children.

Accepted Answer

As noted in the text, mixed-age peer groups can offer older children the opportunity to practice teaching and child care with younger children, and younger children can imitate and practice role relations with older children. As noted earlier in the chapter, the most effective instruction involves scaffolding, which is the progressive structuring of tasks by parents or others so that the level of task difficulty is appropriate. This finding makes clear the significance of having older children as role models for those who are younger.

Question 3

Generalizing from research presented in the text, if a 4-year-old was observed speaking to a 2-year-old, what kind of speech would the 4-year-old be most likely to use?
A) the same kind of speech he uses when talking to his mother
B) the same kind of speech he uses when talking to his older brother
C) the same kind of speech he uses when talking to his preschool teacher
D) a simpler version of his normal speech

Accepted Answer

In one early study (M. Shatz & Gelman, 1973) researchers asked 4-year-olds to describe to 2-year-olds how a specific toy worked. Even 4-year-olds understood the need to address younger children in simpler terms. The researchers found that 4-year-olds spoke slowly; they used short sentences; they employed many attention-getting words, such as look and here; and they frequently repeated the child's name. Four-year-olds did not speak to older children or adults in the same manner, indicating that they were able to understand the differing perspectives of others.

Question 4

The text describes an experiment where 3- and 5-year-old children were shown two objects that were identical except one was red and the other was blue. The children were then given one of the objects that was inside a tube so the child could feel, but not see, it. This experiment is one that was devised to test the concept of:
A) animism
B) the mountain problem
C) the theory of mind
D) automaticity

Accepted Answer

This is a theory of mind problem because it focuses on how children's cognitive processes change as they age.

Question 5

According to the text, dramatic play begins to be displayed in earnest at which of the following ages?
A) age 2
B) age 4
C) age 6
D) age 8

Accepted Answer

Dramatic play typically begins to be displayed in earnest around age 4, as children start to engage in more complex and imaginative play scenarios.

Question 6

When Elizabeth and Hannah bang pots and pans together to experience new sounds, they are engaging in what type of play?
A) rough-and-tumble
B) dramatic
C) sensory pleasure
D) constructive

Accepted Answer

Sensory pleasure refers to a type of play in which sensory experience is the goal in and of itself. This type of play teaches children essential facts about their bodies and the environment.

Question 7

Running, jumping, and skipping are best considered to be examples of:
A) sensory pleasure
B) play with motion
C) rough-and-tumble play
D) play with language

Accepted Answer

Running, jumping, and skipping involve physical movements and can be considered play with motion. Sensory pleasure typically refers to playing with textures or sensations, rough-and-tumble play involves physical play that includes aggression or wrestling, and play with language involves using words and language in a playful manner.

Question 8

Suppose you observe two children, sitting together and occasionally looking at each other, but not really interacting. Each is playing with her own toy. This type of play is called:
A) symbolic play
B) parallel play
C) oppositional play
D) independent play

Accepted Answer

Parallel play refers to the play typically engaged in by 2-year-olds, which is characterized by each child playing independently, although in proximity to each other.

Question 9

Suppose that young children are asked what is most likely to be inside a small dog cage. They say "a dog." When they look inside, they see a chicken. To test the children's theory of mind, what would they likely be asked next?
A) What color is a chicken?
B) What do chickens and dogs have in common?
C) If your friend came in the room and was asked what was in the dog cage, what would he guess?
D) Which would make a better pet, a dog or a chicken?

Accepted Answer

False belief tasks are often used to study the limits of children's thinking. A very similar example of a false belief task was described on page 166 of the text. It takes a while for children to understand that we have beliefs based on our experience, and that sometimes those beliefs are false because we do not have enough evidence.

Question 10

According to the text
A) help them increase their knowledge of the world
B) lessen the distinction that children make between "pretend" and "real"
C) be used equally by boys and girls
D) increase aggressiveness

Accepted Answer

According to the text, play with objects helps children acquire information and build their knowledge.

Question 11

Juan and Maria move to the United States from Mexico, where they begin school. From their first day, they are placed in an English-speaking classroom in which no Spanish is spoken. This method of teaching a second language would best exemplify which of the following models?
A) immersion
B) English as a Second Language
C) two-way bilingual education
D) trial-by-fire language learning

Accepted Answer

One bilingual education model, which often is called an inclusion or immersion model, involves classes taught exclusively in English. In this model, non-English-speaking children are immersed in the majority language, with the idea that they will eventually learn it out of necessity.

Question 12

Sara and James are 2 years old and are playing near each other. Sara is pretending to be a princess, while James is pretending to be a fireman. According to the text, what type of play are they engaging in?
A) dramatic play
B) selfish play
C) cooperative play
D) egocentric play

Accepted Answer

Dramatic play develops at about age 3 or 4 and is characterized by meaningful interactions among children, often including imitation, pretending, and role playing.

Question 13

Young children typically gain an average of 4 ½ pounds and almost 3 inches per year during early childhood.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Children typically experience significant physical growth during early childhood, with the average annual weight gain being around 4 ½ pounds and the average height gain being around 3 inches.

Question 14

Suppose you observe two children, sitting together and occasionally looking at each other, but not really interacting. Each is playing with her own toy. If these children are typical for their age, about how old are they?
A) one girl is probably 2 and the other much older, perhaps age 6
B) both girls are probably about 2 years old
C) both girls are probably about 4 years old
D) both girls are probably about 7 years old

Accepted Answer

Parallel play refers to the play typically engaged in by 2-year-olds, which is characterized by each child playing independently, although in proximity to each other.

Question 15

Parallel play is most likely to be displayed by which of the following children?
A) a 2-year-old
B) a 4-year-old
C) a 6-year-old
D) an 8-year-old

Accepted Answer

As noted in the text, parallel play is typically engaged in by 2-year-olds, which is characterized by each child playing independently, although in proximity to each other

Question 16

According to the text, which of the following groups of 3- to 5-year-old children would be most likely to have difficulty solving theory of mind problems?
A) children who were raised in collectivist cultures, such as Japan
B) children who were raised in individualist cultures, such as the United States
C) children with schizophrenia
D) children who had not attended preschool

Accepted Answer

Children with schizophrenia are likely to have difficulty solving theory of mind problems due to impairments in understanding others' mental states, which is a common issue associated with the condition.

Question 17

During the brain growth spurt of early childhood, new neural connections are established and unneeded neural connections are pruned away.

Accepted Answer

Around the world, the percentage of children who are right-handed is about 90%.

Question 18

According to the text, what type of play is a child engaged in who splashes water in a birdbath?
A) ritual play
B) sensory pleasure play
C) dramatic play
D) play with motion

Accepted Answer

Sensory pleasure refers to a type of play in which sensory experience is the goal in and of itself. This type of play teaches children essential facts about their bodies and the environment.

Question 19

Jack's family moves to Japan, where he attends a school in which most of the instruction is done in both English and Japanese, which he learns to use as he plays with other children. This type of instruction is best thought of as an example of:
A) immersion language learning
B) two-way bilingual education
C) the "English as a Second Language" approach
D) the symbolic-social pyramid approach

Accepted Answer

In the two-way bilingual education model, children are taught in their own language but ample opportunities are created for different language groups to interact, which requires all members of the class to learn a second language.

Question 20

Which of the types of play is most directly linked to advancing the child's skills with symbolic representation?
A) dramatic play
B) solitary play
C) parallel play
D) sensory play

Accepted Answer

Dramatic play involves imaginative and symbolic play, where children take on roles and act out scenarios, leading to the development of symbolic representation skills. The child learns to use one object to represent another and to express and communicate their thoughts and feelings through play. Hence, this type of play is most directly linked to advancing the child's skills with symbolic representation.

Quiz 6: Early Childhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Which of the following is not a good example of dramatic play?

The text suggests that children benefit from playing with other children who are older and younger than they are. Why?

Generalizing from research presented in the text, if a 4-year-old was observed speaking to a 2-year-old, what kind of speech would the 4-year-old be most likely to use?

According to the text, dramatic play begins to be displayed in earnest at which of the following ages?

When Elizabeth and Hannah bang pots and pans together to experience new sounds, they are engaging in what type of play?

Running, jumping, and skipping are best considered to be examples of:

Suppose you observe two children, sitting together and occasionally looking at each other, but not really interacting. Each is playing with her own toy. This type of play is called:

Suppose that young children are asked what is most likely to be inside a small dog cage. They say "a dog." When they look inside, they see a chicken. To test the children's theory of mind, what would they likely be asked next?

According to the text

Juan and Maria move to the United States from Mexico, where they begin school. From their first day, they are placed in an English-speaking classroom in which no Spanish is spoken. This method of teaching a second language would best exemplify which of the following models?

Sara and James are 2 years old and are playing near each other. Sara is pretending to be a princess, while James is pretending to be a fireman. According to the text, what type of play are they engaging in?

Young children typically gain an average of 4 ½ pounds and almost 3 inches per year during early childhood.

Suppose you observe two children, sitting together and occasionally looking at each other, but not really interacting. Each is playing with her own toy. If these children are typical for their age, about how old are they?

Parallel play is most likely to be displayed by which of the following children?

According to the text, which of the following groups of 3- to 5-year-old children would be most likely to have difficulty solving theory of mind problems?

During the brain growth spurt of early childhood, new neural connections are established and unneeded neural connections are pruned away.

According to the text, what type of play is a child engaged in who splashes water in a birdbath?

Jack's family moves to Japan, where he attends a school in which most of the instruction is done in both English and Japanese, which he learns to use as he plays with other children. This type of instruction is best thought of as an example of:

Which of the types of play is most directly linked to advancing the child's skills with symbolic representation?