Question 1

When discussing developmental diversity,what characteristic of good parenting do Mayan mothers consider essential?

Accepted Answer

Mayan mothers consider constant contact between themselves and their infant children essential for good parenting, as it promotes attachment and bonding between the mother and child. This is different from Western cultures, where practices such as laying infants down and allowing them to cry are more common.

Question 2

Biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group,regardless of where they are raised,are called ______ influences.

Accepted Answer

Age-graded influences refer to biological and environmental factors that are similar for individuals within a particular age group regardless of where they are raised. These may include physical changes, such as puberty, as well as sociocultural factors, such as entering school, that tend to occur at certain ages. History-graded influences refer to factors that are specific to a particular generation and shaped by historical events and culture, while biological influences refer to genetic factors that shape development. Environmental influences refer to a wide range of external factors that shape development, including social, cultural, and economic factors.

Question 3

Consider a situation where a woman comes down with a case of rubella (German measles)in the eleventh week of pregnancy,as opposed to the thirtieth week of pregnancy.The difference in the way rubella would affect the unborn child at these two times is an example of

Accepted Answer

The difference in the way rubella affects the unborn child during the eleventh and thirtieth week of pregnancy is an example of a critical period. A critical period is a specific, narrow window of time during which an organism is especially sensitive to environmental influences or experiences, and if the organism does not receive the necessary input during this time, the development can be permanently affected. In this case, a woman who contracts rubella during the eleventh week of pregnancy (the critical period for brain development) is at a higher risk of giving birth to a child with congenital rubella syndrome, which can cause permanent hearing loss, vision problems, intellectual disability, and other developmental delays. However, if the woman contracts rubella during the thirtieth week of pregnancy, the risk to the unborn child is significantly lower.

Question 4

Early developmentalists focused their attention on

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

A specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences,and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally,is called

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences, and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally. Discontinuous change and continuous change refer to different types of developmental patterns, and natural change is not a commonly used term in developmental psychology.

Question 6

Race is what kind of a concept?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Race is what kind of a concept?
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Question 7

In ___________,development is ________,with achievements at one level building on those of previous levels.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that development is gradual, with achievements at one level building on those of previous levels. Discontinuous change would imply abrupt changes, while gradual change would be a more appropriate description. Additionally, the statement indicates that previous achievements build upon one another, indicating a continuous process rather than a distinct one.

Question 8

When social and cultural factors affect an individual at a particular time and include such variables as ethnicity,social class,and subcultural membership,these factors are called

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural-graded influences refer to social and cultural factors that affect an individual at a particular time, including ethnicity, social class, and subcultural membership. Age-graded influences refer to factors that are common to people of a particular age group, non-normative life events refer to unexpected events that have a significant impact on an individual's life, and history-graded influences refer to events that affect an entire cohort or generation.

Question 9

Development that occurs in distinct steps or stages,with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages is called _________ change.

Accepted Answer

Discontinuous change involves distinct, qualitative shifts in behavior as individuals progress through different stages or phases of development, whereas continuous change refers to gradual, incremental changes in behavior over time. Critical and natural are not commonly used terms to describe types of developmental change.

Question 10

A group of people who are born around the same time in the same place is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A group of people who are born around the same time in the same place is called a cohort. Race refers to biological characteristics, ethnic group refers to cultural identity, and normative group refers to a group with shared characteristics or experiences that are considered normal or typical.

Question 11

Alice's symptoms of menopause include hot flashes and the cessation of her monthly menstrual cycle.Alice's doctor tells her she is experiencing a(n)

Accepted Answer

Menopause is an age-graded influence because it is a developmental change that is universal and occurs at a predictable age range for most women.

Question 12

Biological and environmental factors that are associated with a certain historical event,such as the bombing of Pearl Harbor,can be considered

Accepted Answer

History-graded influences are environmental factors that are unique to a particular historical time period and affect people who live during that time. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was a specific event in history that affected people who lived during that time period, and therefore it would be considered a history-graded influence. Biological factors may also come into play, such as genes that make an individual more susceptible to stress or trauma, but these would be considered non-normative life events rather than a graded influence. Sociocultural-graded influences typically refer to cultural norms and values that are present over a long period of time, rather than a specific event like the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Age-graded influences refer to developmental changes that occur over the lifespan, which also do not fit with the context of the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

Question 13

The concept of race is exceedingly imprecise for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

The concept of race is imprecise because the question of race seems comparatively insignificant because 99.9 percent of humans' genetic makeup is identical. This means that there is very little genetic difference between different racial groups, making it difficult to clearly define distinct races based on genetic differences.

Question 14

Mark believes his infant daughter is going through very distinct stages of development and is suddenly,upon turning six months old,able to do far more than she could at 5 ½ months.This perspective is congruent with a ______ approach to development.

Accepted Answer

The idea of distinct stages of development and sudden spurts of progress is consistent with the discontinuous change approach to development, which proposes that development occurs in distinct and qualitatively different stages rather than as a gradual, continuous process. Option A (continuous change) suggests that development occurs continuously, while option C (sensitive periods) pertains to windows of time during which an organism is particularly sensitive to certain environmental stimuli. Option D (nurture) is a general term that refers to environmental influences on development, and does not directly relate to the question of stage-like versus continuous change.

Question 15

People who lived in New York City during the 9/11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center experienced shared challenges due to the attack that are called ________ effects.

Accepted Answer

Cohort effects refer to the impact of a specific event or experience on a particular generation or age group. The 9/11 terrorist attack affected people who lived in New York City during that time period, regardless of their individual biological or environmental factors, making cohort effects the best choice. The Millennial Generation is a specific age cohort that came of age around the turn of the 21st century, but not all people affected by 9/11 belonged to this generation.

Question 16

In ____________ development,each stage is ________.

Accepted Answer

Discontinuous change refers to development that involves distinct stages, characterized by significant differences in behavior and abilities between these stages. In contrast, continuous change refers to gradual and continual changes in behavior and abilities over time. Therefore, the best choice is A since it matches the definition of discontinuous change.

Question 17

When Allison was completing her medical forms in the doctor's office,she was asked to indicate her race.What may be an appropriate reason(s)for the question on the forms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Allison was completing her medical forms...

Question 18

A biological universal event that occurs at relatively the same time throughout all societies is an example of

Accepted Answer

Puberty is a biological universal event that occurs in all human societies as individuals transition from childhood to sexual maturity.

Question 19

In a ______,organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments,but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.

Accepted Answer

In a sensitive period, organisms are particularly sensitive to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences. A critical period is a subset of a sensitive period and refers to a specific time window during which certain experiences are necessary for proper development. Continuous and discontinuous change refer to the nature of development itself, with continuous development being gradual and cumulative while discontinuous development involves abrupt changes in behavior or thinking.

Question 20

Walter is a college student who is about to graduate from college.At what age would he most likely consider that a substantial change is occurring in his life?

Accepted Answer

Graduating from college and transitioning from the student life to the workforce can be seen as a substantial change in one's life. The other options do not necessarily represent a significant transition or milestone in one's life.

Quiz 1: An Introduction to Lifespan Development