Question 1

Recent advances in brain imaging have allowed clinicians to make scientifically useful comparisons in the relative size of the chambers in the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.These chambers are called

Accepted Answer

The chambers in the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid are called ventricles. Option A is incorrect because lobes refer to the different regions of the brain defined by their anatomy and function. Option C is incorrect as cerebrospinal spaces are not a recognized term in neuroscience. Option D is incorrect as meninges are the protective layers of tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and do not refer to the fluid-filled chambers.

Question 2

The textbook suggests that which of the following is a potential advantage of a projective test?

Accepted Answer

One potential advantage of projective tests is that they may uncover unconscious cognitive or emotional components in a person's relationships with others. This information may be difficult to obtain through direct interviewing methods or observational studies. Option A is incorrect because it suggests a potential advantage of the MMPI, not projective tests. Option B is incorrect because it suggests a potential disadvantage of projective tests. Option C is incorrect because it suggests that projective tests are slightly better on reliability and validity measures compared to the MMPI, which is not supported by research.

Question 3

Recurrent and persistent thoughts,impulses,or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress are called __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recurrent and persistent thoughts,impulses,or images that are...

Question 4

What is a limitation of the use of psychological assessment?

Accepted Answer

Psychological reactivity and stability can vary significantly from person to person, making it challenging to generalize assessment results across different individuals.

Question 5

You are attempting to diagnosis a patient,and you would like a view of her brain.You are interested in static structures,not function,so your two choices of scanning techniques are CT scans and

Accepted Answer

MRI provides a more detailed image of the brain's static structures than a CT scan. MRI uses radio waves and magnets to create images of the brain's internal structures, while CT scans use X-rays. MRI is better for detecting tumors, infections, and other abnormalities in the brain. Therefore, MRI is the best choice for diagnosing a patient interested in static structures.

Question 6

fMRI is a new and exciting method of imaging brains that is based on the physiological observation that

Accepted Answer

fMRI imaging relies on the fact that the magnetic properties of blood change as a function of the level of oxygen it is carrying. This allows researchers to indirectly measure changes in brain activity based on changes in blood flow to specific brain regions.

Question 7

A __________ approach to classification assumes that distinctions among members of different categories are qualitative.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ approach to classification assumes that...

Question 8

Recent advances in the scoring of projective tests focus on

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent advances in the scoring of projective...

Question 9

Procedures such as fMRI and PET can help research investigators explore the relationship between brain functions and

Accepted Answer

fMRI and PET are imaging techniques that can help identify patterns of activity in different regions of the brain. This information can be used to explore the underlying neural mechanisms of specific mental disorders, such as schizophrenia or depression. These techniques can reveal how brain activity differs between individuals with and without the disorder, providing insights into potential causes and treatment targets. While fMRI and PET may have some utility for studying other aspects of brain function, such as social behavior or malingering, they are primarily used for psychiatric research.

Question 10

What is one of the limitations of projective personality testing?

Accepted Answer

Projective personality tests are more suited for assessing individuals with significant psychopathology rather than normal individuals or children. As a result, they may not provide accurate information about personality traits and behaviors in these populations.

Question 11

___________ refers to rejection or isolation of an individual resulting from a stamp or label.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ refers to rejection or isolation of...

Question 12

What is the main advantage of projective personality tests over other forms of personality tests?

Accepted Answer

The main advantage of projective personality tests over other forms of personality tests is that they can provide details about a patient's unique view of the world. Projective tests rely on patients' spontaneous responses to ambiguous stimuli, which allows clinicians to gather information about unconscious aspects of a patient's personality that may not be accessible through more objective personality tests. While projective tests require subjective interpretation of responses, this also allows for insight into the patient's individualized thoughts and feelings.

Question 13

PET and fMRI scans have found valuable information about the biological components of OCD including over-activity in

Accepted Answer

PET and fMRI scans have found over-activity in the caudate and orbital prefrontal cortex, which are both associated with the processing of rewarding and aversive stimuli and decision-making processes in the brain. These areas are believed to be involved in the development and maintenance of OCD symptoms.

Question 14

One of the main limitations of modern brain imaging techniques in the field of abnormal psychology is that

Accepted Answer

Modern brain imaging techniques lack normative information, meaning that we do not have enough information on what typical brain functioning looks like. Therefore, it is difficult to use brain imaging to diagnose abnormal psychology disorders.

Question 15

As originally designed,the scoring of the Rorschach was

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach scoring system, as originally designed by Hermann Rorschach, was largely impressionistic and placed considerable emphasis on the person's response. The examiner would take into account the person's verbalizations, as well as their non-verbal behavior and emotional responses while looking at the inkblots. Later developments in the scoring system attempted to make it more standardized and objective, but the original approach was focused on the person's subjective experience.

Question 16

Currently,brain imaging techniques are used mostly for research,but are being used in the assessment and treatment of

Accepted Answer

Brain imaging techniques like MRI and PET scans are being increasingly used in the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease. These techniques help in detecting the changes in brain structure and function that are characteristic of this condition, allowing for early intervention and better management of symptoms. While brain imaging is also used in the assessment and treatment of other mental health conditions like depression and bulimia, it is not as well-established or widely used for these purposes as it is for Alzheimer's disease. Dissociative identity disorder is a controversial diagnosis and brain imaging has not been shown to be consistently useful for its assessment or treatment.

Question 17

A __________ approach focuses on how much of a diagnostic characteristic an individual exhibits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ approach focuses on how much...

Question 18

One of the main advantages of modern brain imaging techniques is that they may

Accepted Answer

Modern brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), PET (positron emission tomography), and EEG (electroencephalography), allow us to see real-time brain activity and help us understand the relationship between brain activity and mental problems. This can significantly aid in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses.

Question 19

In clinical practice,brain imaging techniques can be used to rule out various neurological conditions that might explain behavioral or cognitive deficits.These conditions include

Accepted Answer

Brain imaging techniques, such as MRI or CT scans, can detect brain tumors and vascular disease, which may cause cognitive or behavioral deficits. High blood pressure and low T counts are medical conditions that can be diagnosed through blood tests and physical exams, while bulimia and anorexia are eating disorders that primarily affect the body's physical state rather than the brain. Malingering and somatoform disorders refer to psychological conditions that may cause physical symptoms, but these conditions cannot be detected through brain imaging alone.

Question 20

The newest and most exciting method of imaging brain functions involves

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed involve brain imaging, fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is specifically designed to detect changes in blood flow and oxygenation levels in the brain, which can indicate which areas are most active during different tasks or experiences. This makes it an innovative and highly useful tool for studying brain function.

Quiz 4: Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior