Question 1

On some college football teams,players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets.This practice best illustrates the use of
A) arousal.
B) drive-reduction.
C) incentives.
D) instincts.

Accepted Answer

The practice of awarding gold stars on helmets is an example of the use of incentives to motivate players to perform well.

Question 2

Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?
A) incentive theory
B) drive-reduction theory
C) arousal theory
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory posits that motivated behavior is aimed at reducing physiological imbalances in the body (drives) and achieving homeostasis.

Question 3

Lack of body fluids is to cold water as ________ is to ________.
A) need;incentive
B) need;drive
C) instinct;incentive
D) homeostasis;instinct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lack of body fluids is to cold...

Question 4

The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of
A) instincts.
B) homeostasis.
C) arousal.
D) incentives.

Accepted Answer

Incentives are external stimuli that motivate behavior because they are associated with rewards or punishments. Learning plays a crucial role in the association between incentives and behavior, as individuals learn to anticipate and seek out responses that lead to positive outcomes (rewards) and avoid responses that lead to negative outcomes (punishments).

Question 5

Brandon participates in several "extreme" sports,such as bodyboarding,hang gliding,and rock climbing.While his friends say he is a sensation-seeker,________ theory might say that he may be motivated to engage in "extreme" sports as a way to conquer his own emotions and actions.
A) drive-reduction theory
B) instinct theory
C) evolutionary theory
D) arousal theory

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that people engage in activities to maintain an optimal level of arousal, which can vary from person to person. Brandon may engage in extreme sports to achieve a high level of arousal and challenge himself, rather than simply seeking to reduce an internal drive or fulfilling an instinctual need.

Question 6

Janice spends several hours a day practicing basketball and playing for two travel teams.Her goals are to eventually earn a college scholarship and play in the WNBA.Janice's goals are examples of
A) drive-reduction.
B) incentives.
C) an arousal.
D) homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

Janice's goals of earning a college scholarship and playing in the WNBA are examples of incentives because they are external rewards or goals that motivate her behavior. They are not related to reducing a physiological drive (drive-reduction), maintaining a state of balance or stability in the body (homeostasis), or seeking a certain level of stimulation or excitement (arousal).

Question 7

Randy is a bold person who enjoys stimulating and risky activities.His latest activity involved skydiving off mountainous cliffs.Randy is likely
A) a sensation-seeker.
B) self-transcendent.
C) an incentive seeker.
D) self-actualized.

Accepted Answer

Randy's enjoyment of stimulating and risky activities suggests that he is a sensation-seeker, someone who seeks out novel and intense experiences for the sake of the experience itself.

Question 8

John is going on a long bike ride.John knows there is a Dairy Queen at the 25-mile mark,and he plans on stopping there to buy a sundae as a reward for making it 25 miles.The sundae is a(n)________ for riding 25 miles.
A) arousal
B) drive-reduction
C) incentive
D) homeostasis

Accepted Answer

An incentive is something that motivates or encourages a person to do something, and in this case, the sundae is an incentive for John to ride 25 miles. Arousal and homeostasis do not fit the scenario, and while drive-reduction theory suggests that motivation arises from the need to reduce discomfort, it does not fully capture the concept of an incentive.

Question 9

Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called
A) needs.
B) incentives.
C) instincts.
D) drives.

Accepted Answer

Incentives are environmental stimuli that motivate behavior, either positively or negatively. Needs refer to internal states that drive behavior (such as hunger or thirst), instincts refer to innate behaviors, and drives refer to internal states of tension that motivate behavior (such as thirst or hunger).

Question 10

________ is a theory in which a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates us to satisfy a need.
A) Drive-reduction theory
B) Instinct theory
C) Evolutionary theory
D) Arousal theory

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory posits that physiological needs (such as hunger, thirst, or sleep) create a state of tension or arousal in the body, which motivates organisms to seek out behaviors that will reduce the drive or satisfy the need. This theory suggests that motivation arises from the interplay between internal physiological states and environmental stimuli that can help satisfy those states.

Question 11

Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electric shocks?
A) arousal theory
B) hierarchy of needs theory
C) instinct theory
D) drive-reduction theory

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that organisms seek an optimal level of arousal, which can sometimes be achieved through exploring novel or stimulating environments, even if those environments might include mild stressors like electric shocks. This theory posits that such exploration can be inherently motivating.

Question 12

While we are pulled to reduce ________;we are pushed by ________ that can be positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us.
A) incentives;instincts
B) drives;incentives
C) drives;instincts
D) instincts;drives

Accepted Answer

The first blank refers to something that motivates us to act, which corresponds to drives. The second blank refers to external factors that influence our behavior, which corresponds to incentives. Therefore, the best choice is B, which matches drives with incentives.

Question 13

Which of the following examples would contradict drive-reduction theory?
A) Marshall is hungry but has not eaten all day so he can eat more during Thanksgiving dinner.
B) John is thirsty and spends money for a bottle of water.
C) Virginia is sleepy and decides to take a nap.
D) Jessica exercises very hard and eats a snack when she arrives home.

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory suggests that individuals are motivated to take actions to reduce internal states of tension such as hunger or thirst. Marshall's decision to not eat all day in anticipation of a larger meal contradicts this theory, as he is intentionally maintaining or increasing his state of tension (hunger) rather than reducing it.

Question 14

Tyra's mouth is dry and she realizes that she hasn't had anything to drink all morning.The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty.She immediately stops what she is doing and heads for the nearest water fountain.Which of the following can be used to explain why she is motivated to get a drink of water?
A) drive-reduction theory
B) incentive theory
C) arousal theory
D) instinct theory

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory states that physiological changes in the body such as a drop in water level in the cells create a drive or internal motivation to satisfy that need. In this case, Tyra's dry mouth and feeling of thirst created a drive or need to drink water, motivating her to seek out the nearest water fountain.

Question 15

Adventurous people who relish the pursuit of novel and intense experiences are said to be
A) sensation-seekers.
B) self-transcendent.
C) incentive seekers.
D) self-actualized.

Accepted Answer

Sensation-seekers actively seek out new and exciting experiences, often taking risks and pushing boundaries to achieve a "high" or thrill. This describes individuals who engage in extreme sports, travel to unknown places, and engage in other intense activities for the excitement and stimulation they provide. Options B and D are incorrect as they refer to broader psychological concepts and not specifically related to seeking novel experiences. Option C is a close second but lacks the specific connotation of pursuing adventure and excitement.

Question 16

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of
A) homeostasis.
B) instincts.
C) hunger.
D) boredom.

Accepted Answer

The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people are motivated to maintain a certain level of stimulation or arousal in order to feel comfortable and engaged. When people are bored, they may seek out more stimulating activities or experiences in order to increase their arousal level. Therefore, the arousal theory would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of boredom.

Question 17

For a hungry person,the consumption of food serves to
A) create an incentive.
B) create an instinctual drive.
C) maintain homeostasis.
D) eliminate homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

The consumption of food for a hungry person serves to maintain homeostasis, which is the body's way of keeping its internal environment stable and balanced. Eating restores the balance of energy and nutrients in the body, addressing the physiological need that hunger signals.

Question 18

Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?
A) instinct theory
B) drive-reduction theory
C) hierarchy of needs theory
D) arousal theory

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that people are motivated to engage in behaviors that provide a certain level of stimulation or arousal. Horror movies often elicit fear and anxiety, which can increase physiological arousal levels. Therefore, individuals may be motivated to watch horror movies to satisfy their need for arousal.

Question 19

Which of the following is clearly NOT an example of an incentive?
A) $1000
B) threat of punishment
C) smell of popcorn
D) dehydration

Accepted Answer

Dehydration is not an incentive, it is a physiological state caused by lack of adequate water intake. Incentives are rewards or punishments that are used to encourage or discourage certain behaviors. A, B, and C are all examples of incentives: A is a monetary reward, B is a punishment or deterrent, and C is a sensory stimulus that can be used to entice people to buy popcorn.

Question 20

Ten-year-old Malik is bored unless he is active or playing with other children.Realizing his needs,his parents have involved him in after-school sports and summer camps,and they allow him to play outside with other children as much as possible.His parents understand Malik's high need for
A) arousal.
B) homeostasis.
C) incentives.
D) drive-reduction.

Accepted Answer

Malik's behavior of needing to be active or playing with others suggests a high need for arousal, which is the state of being alert and awake. His parents have recognized this need and are providing him with opportunities to stay active and engaged.

Quiz 32: Assessing Intelligence

On some college football teams,players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets.This practice best illustrates the use of

Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?

Lack of body fluids is to cold water as is to .

The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of

Brandon participates in several "extreme" sports,such as bodyboarding,hang gliding,and rock climbing.While his friends say he is a sensation-seeker,________ theory might say that he may be motivated to engage in "extreme" sports as a way to conquer his own emotions and actions.

Janice spends several hours a day practicing basketball and playing for two travel teams.Her goals are to eventually earn a college scholarship and play in the WNBA.Janice's goals are examples of

Randy is a bold person who enjoys stimulating and risky activities.His latest activity involved skydiving off mountainous cliffs.Randy is likely

John is going on a long bike ride.John knows there is a Dairy Queen at the 25-mile mark,and he plans on stopping there to buy a sundae as a reward for making it 25 miles.The sundae is a(n) ________ for riding 25 miles.

Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called

________ is a theory in which a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates us to satisfy a need.

Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electric shocks?

While we are pulled to reduce ;we are pushed by that can be positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us.

Which of the following examples would contradict drive-reduction theory?

Adventurous people who relish the pursuit of novel and intense experiences are said to be

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of

For a hungry person,the consumption of food serves to

Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?

Which of the following is clearly NOT an example of an incentive?

Ten-year-old Malik is bored unless he is active or playing with other children.Realizing his needs,his parents have involved him in after-school sports and summer camps,and they allow him to play outside with other children as much as possible.His parents understand Malik's high need for