Question 1

Which feminist sociologist wrote Sex,Gender,and Society (1972),which argued that much of what we attribute to biological sex differences can actually be traced to learned behaviors and socialization?
A) Jane Addams
B) Harriet Martineau
C) Ann Oakley
D) Margaret Mead

Accepted Answer

Ann Oakley wrote Sex, Gender, and Society (1972), which argued that much of what we attribute to biological sex differences can actually be traced to learned behaviors and socialization. Jane Addams was a social reformer and activist, Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and feminist, and Margaret Mead was an anthropologist known for her studies on gender roles and sexuality in various cultures.

Question 2

What do symbolic interactionists study?
A) midrange theory
B) postmodernism
C) functionalism
D) shared meaning

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists study how people create and interpret symbols that have shared meaning in their social interactions. They are interested in the ways in which individuals negotiate meanings and understandings of the world through their interactions with each other.

Question 3

According to your textbook's author,Chicago School researcher Louis Wirth's essay "Urbanism as a Way of Life" might be classified as which of the following today?
A) cultural sociology
B) formal sociology
C) interpretive sociology
D) historical materialism

Accepted Answer

Louis Wirth's essay "Urbanism as a Way of Life" focuses on the cultural aspects of urban communities and how they shape individual behavior and experiences. As such, it can be classified as cultural sociology, which examines how culture influences social phenomena.

Question 4

Which of the following modern sociological theories states that the best way to analyze society is to identify the purpose that different aspects or phenomena play in the overall structure of society?
A) postmodernism
B) feminism
C) conflict theory
D) functionalism

Accepted Answer

Functionalism is the modern sociological theory that suggests that the best way to analyze society is to identify the purpose that different aspects or phenomena play in the overall structure of society. According to functionalism, different social institutions contribute to the stability and functioning of society as a whole.

Question 5

In contrast to functionalism,which modern sociological theory borrows from Marx's belief that competition,not consensus,is the essential cause of social change?
A) conflict theory
B) feminism
C) postmodernism
D) midrange theory

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory posits that competition and struggle over resources and power are the driving forces behind social change, rather than consensus or cooperation. This idea is borrowed from Marx's belief that class struggle is the engine of historical progress.

Question 6

"If men define situations as real,they are real in their consequences" is the theory of which of the following Chicago School theorists?
A) Robert Park
B) Charles H. Cooley
C) George H. Mead
D) W. I. Thomas

Accepted Answer

This theory is known as the Thomas theorem, which was formulated by W.I. Thomas, a member of the Chicago School of sociology.

Question 7

The intended purpose of desegregation of schools in the 1950s was to make education equal for everyone.What was not intended was that many racial minority teachers and principals lost their jobs.This unintended purpose was called a(n)____________ function by functionalist theorist Talcott Parsons.
A) unintended
B) manifest
C) mistaken
D) latent

Accepted Answer

A latent function is an unintended consequence of an action or social structure that is not immediately recognized. In this case, the loss of jobs for racial minority teachers and principals was an unintended consequence of desegregation and was not recognized as a problem at the time. Therefore, the best choice is D, latent.

Question 8

George H.Mead described how the "self " internalizes the views of society as a whole,transcending the individual and particular situations.He calls this larger society:
A) the significant other.
B) the generalized other.
C) the looking glass self.
D) the social self.

Accepted Answer

George H. Mead referred to the larger society as the "generalized other." This refers to the internalized sense of the attitudes, values, and expectations of the wider society that shapes and guides an individual's behavior beyond specific interactions with significant others.

Question 9

Two words that might describe the difference between conflict theory and functionalism are:
A) competition versus consensus.
B) microsociology versus macrosociology.
C) meaning versus understanding.
D) feminist versus Marxist.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory emphasizes competition and struggle between social groups, while functionalism focuses on the consensus and cooperation that helps maintain social order.

Question 10

Chicago was a good place to study urbanism using more of a community-based approach (a.k.a.social ecology).Why?
A) The residents were closely related and could communicate with each other easily.
B) The population was experiencing rapid growth due to foreign immigration and the influx of African Americans from the rural South.
C) Industrialization was waning in Chicago during this time, causing high rates of poverty and crime.
D) The divorce rate in Chicago at the time was double that of other large cities.

Accepted Answer

The rapid population growth and influx of diverse communities in Chicago provided a unique opportunity to study urbanism and community dynamics using a social ecology approach.

Question 11

The Chicago School's main laboratory for sociological research was the city of Chicago itself,because:
A) it was convenient and allowed them the perfect setting for developing sweeping laws about human behavior.
B) they were interested in how the social and physical environment shapes the individual.
C) they believed the people in Chicago to be uniquely affected by broad social forces.
D) the citizens of Chicago remained predominantly white throughout the existence of the Chicago School, which led to greater social cohesion.

Accepted Answer

The Chicago School was interested in understanding how the social and physical environment shapes the individual. Therefore, they chose to study the city of Chicago, which provided them with a convenient and suitable setting for their research. They believed that the people of Chicago were affected by broader social forces, and they wanted to understand how those forces impacted individuals and communities.

Question 12

Which modern sociological theory examines how power relationships are defined,shaped,and reproduced on the basis of gender differences?
A) feminism
B) functionalism
C) human sexuality
D) midrange theory

Accepted Answer

Feminism is a modern sociological theory that focuses on examining power relationships based on gender differences. It analyzes how gender inequality is created and maintained in society and advocates for gender equality and women's rights.

Question 13

Which of the following sociologists applied Durkheim's theory of anomie to explain crime rates among African Americans after the abolition of slavery in the United States?
A) W. E. B. Du Bois
B) Jane Addams
C) Robert Park
D) Charles H. Cooley

Accepted Answer

W. E. B. Du Bois, an African American sociologist, applied Durkheim's theory of anomie to explain the high crime rates among African Americans after the abolition of slavery in the United States. He argued that the disruption of social norms and lack of access to resources resulted in feelings of hopelessness and frustration, leading to criminal behavior.

Question 14

The Chicago School's Jane Addams founded the first American settlement house,an institution to help the poor by offering aid,educational services,and more.This house was known as the:
A) Chicago School.
B) Addams House.
C) Hull House.
D) University of Chicago.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Hull House, which was founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889. It provided a wide range of services to the poor and immigrants in the surrounding neighborhood, including childcare, English classes, and job training. The Chicago School refers to a group of sociologists and criminologists who studied urban life in the early 20th century, while Addams House and University of Chicago are not accurate terms for the first American settlement house.

Question 15

Which of the following was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University?
A) W. E. B. Du Bois
B) Jane Addams
C) Frederick Douglass
D) Booker T. Washington

Accepted Answer

W. E. B. Du Bois was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University in 1895, studying sociology.

Question 16

Which early U.S.sociologist told other sociologists in the Chicago School to "go out and get the seats of [their] pants dirty in real research"?
A) Charles H. Cooley
B) George H. Mead
C) Robert Park
D) Louis Wirth

Accepted Answer

Robert Park told other sociologists in the Chicago School to "go out and get the seats of [their] pants dirty in real research".

Question 17

The functionalist paradigm went largely unchallenged in the United States until about the 1950s.C.Wright Mills criticized Talcott Parsons for:
A) spending too much time on the negative aspects of society.
B) supporting the dominant class structure and the inequalities associated with it.
C) addressing only the inequalities of classes.
D) focusing on small-scale personal interactions and not the "whole picture."

Accepted Answer

C. Wright Mills criticized Talcott Parsons for supporting the dominant class structure and the inequalities associated with it. Mills argued that Parsons' theory focused too much on the functional aspects of society and neglected to address the unequal distribution of power and resources. Mills believed that a more critical approach was needed to understand the underlying power dynamics in society.

Question 18

Charles H.Cooley argued that the "self " emerges from how an individual interacts with others and then interprets those interactions.He calls this:
A) the looking glass self.
B) the social self.
C) the generalized other.
D) the significant other.

Accepted Answer

Charles H. Cooley's concept of the "looking glass self" emphasizes the role of social interactions in shaping an individual's self-concept. According to Cooley, individuals develop a sense of self based on how they imagine they appear to others, how others respond to them, and how they interpret those responses. This process of reflecting on the self through social interactions is known as the looking glass self.

Question 19

A white woman goes into an upscale shop to look at clothes.She is excited to see that there is a sale and gathers a huge pile of clothes to take into the dressing room.An African American woman goes into the store and is also excited about the sale but hesitates to take too many clothes into the dressing room because she is afraid the staff will think she might shoplift.
W.E.B.Du Bois would say that the African American woman has:
A) a racist agenda.
B) low self-esteem.
C) a double consciousness.
D) a negative self-image.

Accepted Answer

W.E.B. Du Bois coined the term "double consciousness" to describe the experience of African Americans having to navigate their own internal sense of self with the external perceptions and stereotypes imposed upon them by society. In this scenario, the African American woman is hesitant to take too many clothes into the dressing room because she is aware of the stereotype that Black people are more likely to shoplift, which is a manifestation of double consciousness. A and D are incorrect because there is no indication that the African American woman has a negative self-image or malicious intentions. B is not directly relevant to the scenario.

Question 20

Which modern sociological theory attempts to understand social behavior by examining the ways people interpret and give meaning to social signals and signs?
A) libertarian municipalism
B) functionalism
C) symbolic interactionism
D) scientism

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionism attempts to understand social behavior by examining the ways people interpret and give meaning to social signals and signs. Libertarian municipalism refers to a political theory, functionalism focuses on how different parts of society contribute to its overall stability, and scientism is a philosophical approach that views scientific knowledge as the only valid form of knowledge.

Quiz 1: The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction

Which feminist sociologist wrote Sex,Gender,and Society (1972) ,which argued that much of what we attribute to biological sex differences can actually be traced to learned behaviors and socialization?

What do symbolic interactionists study?

According to your textbook's author,Chicago School researcher Louis Wirth's essay "Urbanism as a Way of Life" might be classified as which of the following today?

Which of the following modern sociological theories states that the best way to analyze society is to identify the purpose that different aspects or phenomena play in the overall structure of society?

In contrast to functionalism,which modern sociological theory borrows from Marx's belief that competition,not consensus,is the essential cause of social change?

"If men define situations as real,they are real in their consequences" is the theory of which of the following Chicago School theorists?

The intended purpose of desegregation of schools in the 1950s was to make education equal for everyone.What was not intended was that many racial minority teachers and principals lost their jobs.This unintended purpose was called a(n) ____________ function by functionalist theorist Talcott Parsons.

George H.Mead described how the "self " internalizes the views of society as a whole,transcending the individual and particular situations.He calls this larger society:

Two words that might describe the difference between conflict theory and functionalism are:

Chicago was a good place to study urbanism using more of a community-based approach (a.k.a.social ecology) .Why?

The Chicago School's main laboratory for sociological research was the city of Chicago itself,because:

Which modern sociological theory examines how power relationships are defined,shaped,and reproduced on the basis of gender differences?

Which of the following sociologists applied Durkheim's theory of anomie to explain crime rates among African Americans after the abolition of slavery in the United States?

The Chicago School's Jane Addams founded the first American settlement house,an institution to help the poor by offering aid,educational services,and more.This house was known as the:

Which of the following was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University?

Which early U.S.sociologist told other sociologists in the Chicago School to "go out and get the seats of [their] pants dirty in real research"?

The functionalist paradigm went largely unchallenged in the United States until about the 1950s.C.Wright Mills criticized Talcott Parsons for:

Charles H.Cooley argued that the "self " emerges from how an individual interacts with others and then interprets those interactions.He calls this:

Which modern sociological theory attempts to understand social behavior by examining the ways people interpret and give meaning to social signals and signs?