Question 1

The first day of class,Sheila asked her professor what was the best way to learn and remember the material for the course.The professor responded,"Focus on identifying and understanding the meaning of the important terms and concepts." The instructor is advocating a _____ level of processing.
A)phonological
B)semantic
C)verbal
D)visual

Accepted Answer

The professor's advice to focus on identifying and understanding the meaning of important terms and concepts suggests a semantic level of processing, which involves encoding information based on its meaning and relevance. This is considered a deeper level of processing compared to phonological, verbal, or visual processing.

Question 2

While attempting to visit a friend in Boston,Enrique is struggling with his friend's directions.They go something like this: "Turn left at the ball park,right at the movie theater,go around the mall,and make a left turn." The directions are almost meaningless,because Enrique has never been to Boston before.Which of the following provides the best explanation for the breakdown in communication?
A)Enrique is experiencing retroactive interference.
B)Enrique is experiencing the recency effect.
C)Enrique does not have a schema to attach the new information to.
D)Enrique is trying to process too much information at one time.

Accepted Answer

Enrique is struggling with his friend's directions because he does not have a schema, or pre-existing mental framework, to attach the new information to. Without a schema for navigating the area, Enrique is unable to easily process and remember the directions given to him.

Question 3

An adult is able to remember that CIA stands for "Central Intelligence Agency," and yet a child is not.Why is this,according to your text?
A)Because at some point in our life,we will probably have some interaction with the CIA,or know someone who's had an interaction with them.
B)Because as we age,our conceptual understanding increases.
C)Because we have more exposure to movies and television shows where the CIA is present.
D)Because children do not watch news programs,which is where the CIA is usually mentioned.

Accepted Answer

The text states that "as we age, our conceptual understanding increases," which suggests that adults have a greater ability to remember information like the meaning of acronyms such as CIA.

Question 4

For students to show the best performance on their exams,they are advised to engage in
A)delayed practice.
B)distributed practice.
C)massed practice.
D)processed practice.

Accepted Answer

Distributed practice, also known as spaced repetition, involves spreading out study sessions over a longer period of time rather than cramming everything into one session. This has been shown to be more effective in retaining information and improving long-term memory. Delayed practice and massed practice refer to different types of repetition schedules and are not as effective as distributed practice. Processed practice is not a recognized term in the field of education.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the paradox of memory?
A)Jillian can remember all of her favorite baseball player's statistics for the last 7 years,but forgets where she left her car keys.
B)Amy remembers the names of most of her third-grade students from the last several years.
C)Ryan can remember almost all of the states and capitols,but is struggling to remember the names of foreign countries.
D)Nina finds it difficult to accurately recall some of her childhood memories.

Accepted Answer

The paradox of memory refers to the phenomenon where people can remember certain details accurately but forget others that seem more important or relevant. In this case, Jillian's ability to remember statistics for 7 years while forgetting where she left her car keys is a clear example of the paradox of memory.

Question 6

Roseanne claims that she can remember instances of childhood sexual abuse that started at 6 months of age.Why are most psychologists likely to be skeptical of this and other such claims?
A)Because decay leads to almost immediate forgetting of newly learned information.
B)Because infantile amnesia makes it unlikely that these are true memories from that age.
C)Because proponents of the realism of such claims are charging less to treat the victims of this abuse than those who are dubious of the claims.
D)Repression inhibits the conscious recognition of traumatic events such as childhood sexual abuse.

Accepted Answer

Most psychologists are likely to be skeptical of claims of childhood sexual abuse that happened at a very young age, such as 6 months, because of the phenomenon of infantile amnesia. Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to remember events that occurred during their first 2-3 years of life due to the undeveloped state of the brain during that time. As such, it is unlikely that anyone can remember events from infancy, let alone traumatic ones such as sexual abuse.

Question 7

The character of Dori from the movie Finding Nemo keeps complaining that she has short-term memory loss because she can't remember the name of the friend she just met.What is a more likely explanation for her memory failure?
A)Anterograde amnesia
B)Retrograde amnesia
C)Hippocampal damage
D)Blocking

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory loss in which an individual is unable to form new memories after a traumatic event or injury. In Dori's case, it is likely that she has anterograde amnesia, which makes it difficult for her to retain new information, such as the name of the friend she just met.

Question 8

Eyewitness testimony has been found to be most accurate when
A)the witness has ample time to observe the person under good viewing conditions.
B)the witness is presented a simultaneous,as opposed to a sequential,lineup.
C)a weapon is used in the commission of a crime.
D)the witness is distracted or must fill in gaps in their memory with stereotyped information.

Accepted Answer

When witnesses have ample time to observe the person under good viewing conditions, they are more likely to provide accurate and reliable testimony. This is because they have had the opportunity to encode the information into their memory in a more detailed and complete way.

Question 9

You are telling your friend about a trip you took to Sea World when you were a child.During the middle of the show,the trainer slipped,fell into the water,and was nearly killed.You can remember the scene as if it happened yesterday.This is an example of which type of memory?
A)Phantom
B)Semantic
C)Flashbulb
D)Procedural

Accepted Answer

This is a flashbulb memory as it is a vivid and detailed recollection of a surprising and significant event.

Question 10

It is believed the _____ memory system may handle automatic remembering,while the _____ memory system requires conscious effort.
A)depth; elaborative
B)prospective; retrospective
C)primacy; recency
D)implicit; explicit

Accepted Answer

The implicit memory system is responsible for automatic remembering and does not require conscious effort, while the explicit memory system requires conscious effort and is responsible for the retrieval of intentionally stored information. Therefore, option D, implicit and explicit memory, is the best choice for completing the sentence.

Quiz 7: Exsetntion: Memory

The first day of class,Sheila asked her professor what was the best way to learn and remember the material for the course.The professor responded,"Focus on identifying and understanding the meaning of the important terms and concepts." The instructor is advocating a _____ level of processing.

An adult is able to remember that CIA stands for "Central Intelligence Agency," and yet a child is not.Why is this,according to your text?

For students to show the best performance on their exams,they are advised to engage in

Which of the following best illustrates the paradox of memory?

Roseanne claims that she can remember instances of childhood sexual abuse that started at 6 months of age.Why are most psychologists likely to be skeptical of this and other such claims?

The character of Dori from the movie Finding Nemo keeps complaining that she has short-term memory loss because she can't remember the name of the friend she just met.What is a more likely explanation for her memory failure?

Eyewitness testimony has been found to be most accurate when

You are telling your friend about a trip you took to Sea World when you were a child.During the middle of the show,the trainer slipped,fell into the water,and was nearly killed.You can remember the scene as if it happened yesterday.This is an example of which type of memory?

It is believed the _ memory system may handle automatic remembering,while the _ memory system requires conscious effort.