Question 1

When Chi asked child chess experts and adult chess novices to remember sequences of numbers and positions of chess pieces on a chess board,she found that
A)child chess experts remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than adult chess novices did.
B)adult chess novices remembered more number sequences and more chess piece patterns than child chess experts did.
C)adult chess novices remembered more number sequences,but child chess experts remembered more chess piece patterns.
D)child chess experts remembered more number sequences,but adult chess novices remembered more chess piece patterns.

Accepted Answer

Child chess experts are better at remembering positions of chess pieces on a chess board because of prior knowledge,but in remembering number sequences that aren't tied to any prior knowledge,adults performed better.

Question 2

Elaboration is a memory strategy that involves
A)repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.
B)looking at or touching objects that are to be remembered.
C)placing related information together.
D)embellishing information to make it more memorable.

Accepted Answer

Elaboration is a strategy that involves embellishing information to be remembered to make it more memorable.

Question 3

Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is referred to as
A)cognitive self-regulation.
B)memory strategies.
C)metacognitive knowledge.
D)metamemory.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive knowledge is the knowledge and awareness of cognitive process.

Question 4

As Wendy read her textbook,she wrote summaries of each section.When she met with her study group,she was able to answer many,but not all of the questions posed by her study group.What should she do next?
A)She should choose a different memory strategy.
B)She should keep using her current strategy,but concentrate on summarizing parts of the textbook she knows least well.
C)She should stop studying because she used an effective memory strategy and knows most of the material already.
D)She should stop going to the study group and study by herself.

Accepted Answer

Wendy's strategy has been partially effective,so she should keep it,but adapt the current strategy by concentrating only on the parts that she knows least well.

Question 5

__________ involves the evaluation of a strategy to determine its effectiveness.
A)Rehearsal
B)Scripting
C)Summarizing
D)Monitoring

Accepted Answer

Monitoring means to evaluate the memory strategy to determine its effectiveness.

Question 6

Skill at identifying goals,selecting effective strategies,and monitoring accurately is known as
A)metacognitive knowledge.
B)cognitive self-regulation.
C)metamemory.
D)automatic processing.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive self-regulation is the understanding of the connections among goals,strategies,monitoring,and outcomes.

Question 7

The ability to use an effective memory strategy
A)does not change with age.
B)involves evaluating the effectiveness of a particular strategy for the task at hand.
C)does not influence how much one remembers.
D)is well-developed by the time children are seven years old.

Accepted Answer

As you use a memory strategy,you should evaluate its effectiveness for the particular task at hand.

Question 8

Knowledge that helps organize information and give it meaning
A)decreases with age.
B)increases with age.
C)does not change with age.
D)does not influence memory.

Accepted Answer

As we get older,our knowledge increases.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT involved in successful learning and remembering?
A)using rehearsal because it is the most effective memory strategy
B)identifying the goals of a memory problem
C)choosing an effective memory strategy
D)monitoring the effectiveness of the chosen memory strategy

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal will not always be the most effective memory strategy,so it shouldn't always be used.

Question 10

After Tina outlined a chapter in her textbook,she answered questions in her study guide to see whether outlining was helping her learn the information in the chapter.Tina was __________ the effectiveness of her memory strategy.
A)rehearsing
B)monitoring
C)scripting
D)distorting

Accepted Answer

Monitoring means to evaluate the memory strategy to determine its effectiveness.

Question 11

__________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.
A)Outlining
B)Rehearsal
C)Monitoring
D)Summarizing

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

Question 12

Structuring information to be remembered,so that related information is placed together,is a memory strategy known as
A)organization.
B)rehearsal.
C)elaboration.
D)metacognition.

Accepted Answer

Organization is a strategy that involves structuring material to be remembered,so that related information is placed together.

Question 13

Chi's study comparing memory in child chess experts and adult chess novices demonstrated
A)the effect of knowledge on memory.
B)how scripts influence memory.
C)the susceptibility of preschoolers' memories to suggestions.
D)the effectiveness of the rehearsal memory strategy.

Accepted Answer

Prior knowledge affects memory.

Question 14

Jared loves dogs and knows a lot about them while his friend Joe does not.If you asked each of them to remember a list of dog breeds and a list of unrelated words,what would you expect to find?
A)Jared would recall more dog breeds than Joe,but they would both remember about the same number of unrelated words.
B)Jared would recall more dog breeds and more unrelated words than Joe.
C)Jared and Joe would recall the about the same number of dog breeds and unrelated words.
D)Jared would recall more dog breeds than Joe,but Joe would recall more unrelated words than Jared.

Accepted Answer

Jared would be better at remembering dogs breed because of prior knowledge,but in remembering unrelated words that aren't tied to any prior knowledge,they should both perform the same.

Question 15

A child's informal understanding of memory is called
A)metamemory.
B)metacognitive knowledge.
C)cognitive self-regulation.
D)a memory strategy.

Accepted Answer

Metamemory is a child's informal understanding of memory,which contains two important elements: diagnosing memory problems accurately and monitoring the effectiveness of memory strategies.

Question 16

Which of the following is correct about learning strategies in childhood?
A)Most children spontaneously master learning strategies.
B)Children can be taught how to use strategies effectively.
C)Strategies for effective learning and memory are not used until late adolescence.
D)The use of learning strategies has little impact on academic skills like reading comprehension.

Accepted Answer

Some students do not master learning strategies spontaneously.Programs have been created to teach students strategies for reading more effectively.Empowered with reading strategies,students' understanding of text is deeper and they typically obtain greater scores on standardized tests of reading comprehension.

Question 17

Research by Chi with child chess experts and adult chess novices has shown that
A)knowledge within a particular area does not influence memory performance.
B)adults' memories are better than children's even when children have expert knowledge in a particular area.
C)knowledge in a particular area organizes and gives meaning to new information.
D)child chess experts could not remember more chess pieces than adult chess novices.

Accepted Answer

Child chess experts were able to use their knowledge of chess patterns to remember more pieces on a matrix,so knowledge in a particular area organizes and gives meaning to new information.

Question 18

Gene has discovered that even though he has underlined the most important information in the textbook,he does not know any of the material very well.What should he do?
A)He should determine the parts of the textbook he is not learning,and underline more in those parts of the textbook.
B)He should underline in a different color.
C)He should underline more selectively.
D)He should choose another memory strategy.

Accepted Answer

If a memory strategy is not working,another memory strategy should be tried.

Question 19

Your friend is having a hard time remembering the main points of his psychology textbook.If he asks you to recommend a memory strategy,which one would you suggest?
A)Touch the sentences that contain the main points as you read them.
B)Read the sentences that contain the main points over and over.
C)Outline or write a summary of the main points.
D)Read the assigned chapter twice.

Accepted Answer

When reading a textbook,outlining or writing a summary of the main points is probably the most effective memory strategy for remembering the main points.

Question 20

Monitoring effective strategy use
A)is done equally by all age children.
B)improves gradually with age.
C)does not occur until the high school years.
D)is no longer necessary by the high school years.

Accepted Answer

Monitoring is necessary at all ages,occurs at young ages,and gradually improves with age.

Quiz 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

When Chi asked child chess experts and adult chess novices to remember sequences of numbers and positions of chess pieces on a chess board,she found that

Elaboration is a memory strategy that involves

Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is referred to as

As Wendy read her textbook,she wrote summaries of each section.When she met with her study group,she was able to answer many,but not all of the questions posed by her study group.What should she do next?

__________ involves the evaluation of a strategy to determine its effectiveness.

Skill at identifying goals,selecting effective strategies,and monitoring accurately is known as

The ability to use an effective memory strategy

Knowledge that helps organize information and give it meaning

Which of the following is NOT involved in successful learning and remembering?

After Tina outlined a chapter in her textbook,she answered questions in her study guide to see whether outlining was helping her learn the information in the chapter.Tina was __________ the effectiveness of her memory strategy.

__________ is a strategy of repetitively naming information that is to be remembered.

Structuring information to be remembered,so that related information is placed together,is a memory strategy known as

Chi's study comparing memory in child chess experts and adult chess novices demonstrated

Jared loves dogs and knows a lot about them while his friend Joe does not.If you asked each of them to remember a list of dog breeds and a list of unrelated words,what would you expect to find?

A child's informal understanding of memory is called

Which of the following is correct about learning strategies in childhood?

Research by Chi with child chess experts and adult chess novices has shown that

Gene has discovered that even though he has underlined the most important information in the textbook,he does not know any of the material very well.What should he do?

Your friend is having a hard time remembering the main points of his psychology textbook.If he asks you to recommend a memory strategy,which one would you suggest?

Monitoring effective strategy use