Question 1

How do categorical grants differ from block grants?

Accepted Answer

not answered

Question 2

In his influential The Evolution of Behavior, Axelrod suggests that when negotiators must work together over time, they adopt a strategy of
A) conditional openness
B) value claiming
C) probing
D) searching for precedents
E) using deadlines as pressure points

Accepted Answer

Axelrod suggests that when negotiators must work together over time, they adopt a strategy of conditional openness, which involves being open to information and ideas while not completely revealing one's own preferences or positions. This allows for cooperation and the development of trust over time. Value claiming, probing, searching for precedents, and using deadlines as pressure points are all potential negotiation strategies, but they do not necessarily facilitate long-term collaboration.

Question 3

Since the 1990s, the U.S.Supreme Court has
A)avoided tough decisions on federal-state issues.
B)strengthen federalism.
C)continued to weaken federalism by narrow votes.
D)declared home rule unconstitutional.
E)ruled that the Base Realignment and Closure Commission had exceeded its authority.

Accepted Answer

Since the 1990s, the U.S. Supreme Court has strengthened federalism by limiting the power of the federal government and preserving the authority of the states. This has been reflected in decisions such as United States v. Lopez (1995) and Printz v. United States (1997), which ruled that certain federal laws exceeded Congress' authority under the Commerce Clause and the Tenth Amendment, respectively.

Question 4

The "new new federalism" is mostly closely associated with 
A) Bill Clinton
B) Jimmy Carter
C) Ronald Reagan
D) George W.Bush
E) Gerald Ford

Accepted Answer

The "new new federalism" is mostly associated with Ronald Reagan. This was a shift from the previous "new federalism" under Nixon and Ford and aimed to return more power to the states by cutting federal funding and regulations.

Question 5

Although there is no straightforward, universally accepted method for negotiating disputes between governments and organizations, some strategies do consistently seem to work better than others.Which of the following would experts LEAST likely recommend?
A)Conceive of interest narrowly
B)Change the parties involved in the bargaining
C)Change the existing organizational structure
D)If a memorandum of understanding needs to be prepared, you be the one to do it
E)Use objective criteria

Accepted Answer

Experts would least likely recommend conceiving of interest narrowly, as this approach is often seen as limiting potential solutions and hindering the ability to find creative compromises. Rather, a broader focus on mutual interests and goals is generally more effective in negotiating disputes.

Other choices:
B) Changing the parties involved in the bargaining can sometimes break stalemates or create new opportunities for progress. 
C) Changing the existing organizational structure can also be a useful strategy in some cases, such as when bureaucratic obstacles are preventing resolution. 
D) Taking the initiative to prepare a memorandum of understanding can be seen as a proactive and collaborative approach to reaching agreement. 
E) Using objective criteria is a widely recommended tactic for negotiating disputes, as it helps to establish a clear and impartial framework for decision-making.

Question 6

According to the Office of Management and Budget, a county or group of contiguous counties that contains at least one city of 50,000 or more is a 
A) urban county or county-group
B) measurable administrative area
C) sub-state region
D) metropolitan statistical area
E) sub-state urban region

Accepted Answer

The definition provided in the question matches with the definition of a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as a county or group of contiguous counties that contains at least one city of 50,000 or more. Therefore, the correct choice is D, metropolitan statistical area.

Question 7

According to Fisher and Ury, _______________ determine(s) the point at which you are prepared to walk away from the negotiating table. 
A) a hard deadline
B) your BATNA
C) a variable sum
D) your NABTA
E) sunk costs

Accepted Answer

BATNA stands for Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. It refers to the most advantageous alternative course of action you can take if the negotiation fails and an agreement cannot be reached. Knowing your BATNA is crucial as it determines your negotiation power and helps you establish your reservation point, or the point at which you are prepared to walk away from the negotiating table. Therefore, B is the best choice as it directly matches the description given in the question.

Question 8

The most numerous governmental units in the United States are
A)counties.
B)townships.
C)cities.
D)special districts.
E)municipalities.

Accepted Answer

Special districts are the most numerous type of governmental unit in the United States, as they are created for specific purposes such as education, water supply, and public transportation, leading to a high number of these entities across the country.

Question 9

Moral hazard
A)refers to any behavior under contracts that is risky.
B)refers to any behavior under contracts that is inefficient.
C)refers to any behavior under contracts that is unethical.
D)is most closely associated with voluntary associations.
E)is closely associated with the writings of Paul H.Appleby.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Moral hazard
A)refers to any behavior under contracts...

Question 10

Any relationship in which one party, the principal, considers entering into a contractual agreement with another, the agent, expresses the principal-agent model.Regardless of the reason for relying on an agent, the principal faces what two problems?
A)Influence activities and the problem of vertical expansion
B)Design decisions and pricing decisions
C)Sunk costs and skimming
D)Adverse selection and moral hazard
E)Externalities and competitive bidding

Accepted Answer

The two problems that the principal faces in a principal-agent relationship are adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection refers to the problem of selecting the right agent, while moral hazard refers to the problem of ensuring that the agent acts in the best interest of the principal. These two problems may lead to suboptimal outcomes and result in a principal-agent problem.

Question 11

Who ruled that state legislatures were supreme over cities and that legislatures could "sweep from existence" all municipal corporations of the state and the corporations could not prevent it?
A)Huey P.Long
B)Sandra Day O'Connor
C)Benjamin Cardozo
D)Louis D.Brandeis
E)John F Dillon

Accepted Answer

John F Dillon, a 19th-century lawyer and judge, ruled in the case of Dillon v. Gloss that state legislatures had supreme authority over cities and could abolish local governments if they saw fit. This became known as the Dillon Rule and played a significant role in shaping American municipal law.

Question 12

______________________ grants are available across-the-board to all who are eligible in a category, while ______________________ grants are made only for specific purposes. 
A) block grants and target grants
B) formula grants and innovation grants
C) formula grants and application grants
D) block grants and application grants
E) application grants and target grants

Accepted Answer

Formula grants are distributed based on a specific formula to all eligible recipients, while application grants are awarded for specific purposes based on applications.

Question 13

How does the layer cake model of federalism differ from the marble cake model? What model best describes federalism today?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the layer cake model of...

Question 14

According to the text, which of the following is NOT an economic argument for justifying federal action? 
A) direct spillovers
B) globalization
C) effects of policy-induced mobility
D) inequality of resources
E) need for uniformity

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention globalization as an economic argument for justifying federal action. The other options (direct spillovers, effects of policy-induced mobility, inequality of resources, and need for uniformity) are discussed in the text.

Question 15

According to the text, the era of cooperative federalism was
A) 1789-1933
B) 1933-1960
C) 1960-1968
D) 1968-1980
E) 1980-1993

Accepted Answer

The era of cooperative federalism is generally considered to have occurred from 1933 to 1960, characterized by a partnership between national and state governments, often associated with the New Deal era.

Question 16

During the 1980s, changing national priorities, tax cuts, and mounting deficits drove federal policy makers to cut funds going to the states and localities.Compounding the money problems was the problem of
A)double-digit inflation.
B)competitive federalism.
C)arrondissements.
D)interstate compacts.
E)unfunded mandates.

Accepted Answer

Unfunded mandates were a major problem during the 1980s for states and localities. These mandates required them to provide new services or meet new standards without receiving any additional funds from the federal government. This put a strain on their budgets and limited their ability to provide other essential services.

Question 17

Nixon's __________________ were part of a strategy to give more policymaking discretion and responsibility to the subnational governments. 
A) categorical grants and mandate reform
B) formula grants and project grants
C) revenue sharing and formula grants
D) revenue sharing and block grants
E) block grants and mandate reform

Accepted Answer

Nixon's strategy to give more policymaking discretion to subnational governments involved implementing revenue sharing and block grants. Revenue sharing provided states and localities with a direct share of federal tax revenue while block grants gave them more flexibility in how they used federal funds. This gave subnational governments more control over their own policies and allowed for greater innovation in policymaking.

Question 18

Trace the development of federalism in the United States from 1789 to the present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trace the development of federalism in the...

Question 19

No case was more important to establishing the supremacy of the national voice in government than McCulloch versus Maryland (1819).The Marshall court strengthen its arguments in that case five years later in A) US versus Morrison B) New York versus US C) Gibbon versus Ogden D) Printz versus US E) Alden versus Maine

Accepted Answer

McCulloch versus Maryland was a landmark case that established the power of the federal government to create a national bank. The Marshall court further strengthened its argument for the supremacy of federal law over state law in Gibbon versus Ogden (1824). The court held that Congress had the power to regulate interstate commerce, including steamboat traffic between states, and that state laws that conflicted with federal laws were unconstitutional. This decision upheld the authority of the federal government and limited the power of the states to regulate commerce.

Question 20

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, best illustrates
A)the new federalism.
B)divestiture.
C)making alternatives to the agreement appear worse than the agreement.
D)multiculturalism.
E)the growing need for regionalism.

Accepted Answer

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, represents the growing need for regionalism, which emphasizes cooperation and coordination among municipalities and counties within a geographic region. This is particularly important in urban areas facing challenges such as economic development, transportation, and environmental sustainability. Regionalism allows for a more effective and efficient approach to addressing these issues.

Quiz 3: Intergovernmental Relations

How do categorical grants differ from block grants?

In his influential The Evolution of Behavior, Axelrod suggests that when negotiators must work together over time, they adopt a strategy of

Since the 1990s, the U.S.Supreme Court has

The "new new federalism" is mostly closely associated with

Although there is no straightforward, universally accepted method for negotiating disputes between governments and organizations, some strategies do consistently seem to work better than others.Which of the following would experts LEAST likely recommend?

According to the Office of Management and Budget, a county or group of contiguous counties that contains at least one city of 50,000 or more is a

According to Fisher and Ury, _______________ determine(s) the point at which you are prepared to walk away from the negotiating table.

The most numerous governmental units in the United States are

Moral hazard

Any relationship in which one party, the principal, considers entering into a contractual agreement with another, the agent, expresses the principal-agent model.Regardless of the reason for relying on an agent, the principal faces what two problems?

Who ruled that state legislatures were supreme over cities and that legislatures could "sweep from existence" all municipal corporations of the state and the corporations could not prevent it?

grants are available across-the-board to all who are eligible in a category, while grants are made only for specific purposes.

How does the layer cake model of federalism differ from the marble cake model? What model best describes federalism today?

According to the text, which of the following is NOT an economic argument for justifying federal action?

According to the text, the era of cooperative federalism was

During the 1980s, changing national priorities, tax cuts, and mounting deficits drove federal policy makers to cut funds going to the states and localities.Compounding the money problems was the problem of

Nixon's __________________ were part of a strategy to give more policymaking discretion and responsibility to the subnational governments.

Trace the development of federalism in the United States from 1789 to the present.

No case was more important to establishing the supremacy of the national voice in government than McCulloch versus Maryland (1819) .The Marshall court strengthen its arguments in that case five years later in

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, best illustrates