Question 1

The duration of drug use (in months)is a ratio scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

Ratio scale measurements have a true zero point and allow for meaningful ratios to be calculated between values. In the case of drug use, the duration (in months) has a true zero point (no drug use) and ratios can be calculated (e.g. one person using drugs for twice as long as another person).

Question 2

A professor measures the number of review sessions attended per week and GPA in a sample of college freshmen and concludes that increased attendance for review sessions is related to higher grades.This research design is an example of an experimental design.

Accepted Answer

This is not an experimental design, as there is no manipulation of an independent variable to measure its effect on a dependent variable. It is instead an example of a correlational design, as the researcher is observing the relationship between two variables (review session attendance and GPA) without manipulating either one.

Question 3

Qualitative data are non-numeric data.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data refers to non-numeric data that can be observed and described but cannot be measured or expressed using numbers. Examples include colors, textures, tastes, and opinions.

Question 4

The weight (in pounds)of a newborn infant is an interval scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The weight (in pounds)of a newborn infant...

Question 5

The political affiliation of participants (Democrat,Republican)is an example of discrete,qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

Discrete data only takes on specific, distinct values, and qualitative data refers to characteristics or attributes that cannot be measured numerically. Political affiliation falls under both of these categories as individuals can only identify as either Democrat or Republican, and political affiliation is a non-numerical attribute. Therefore, it is an example of discrete, qualitative data.

Question 6

A score on a multiple-choice exam (0-100 points)is a ratio scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

A score on a multiple-choice exam is a ratio scale measurement because it has a true zero point (i.e. a score of 0 means the absence of any correct answers) and the differences between scores are equal and meaningful.

Question 7

The size of a reward (in grams)is an example of continuous,quantitative data.

Accepted Answer

Continuous data can take on any numerical value within a certain range, in this case, the weight in grams, making it quantitative data.

Question 8

A rating scale measurement from 1 (completely disagree)to 7 (completely agree)is an example of continuous,qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

A rating scale measurement is an example of discrete, ordinal data because the responses are limited and in order, rather than continuously measurable.

Question 9

A student's letter grade (A,B,C,D,F)is a nominal scale measurement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student's letter grade (A,B,C,D,F)is a nominal...

Question 10

Many researchers who measure qualitative variables will also measure those that are quantitative in the same study.

Accepted Answer

It is common for researchers to measure both qualitative and quantitative variables in the same study as they often complement each other in providing a more complete understanding of the phenomenon being studied.

Question 11

Children are randomly assigned to complete a low,moderate,or high difficulty task.The time (in seconds)it takes them to complete the task is recorded.In this example,the level of task difficulty is the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The level of task difficulty is the independent variable, as it is the condition that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which is the time taken to complete the task.

Question 12

Categorical data are one example of discrete data.

Accepted Answer

Categorical data refers to data that is divided into categories or groups, making it discrete.

Question 13

The number of students in a class is an example of discrete,quantitative data.

Accepted Answer

Discrete data is information that can only take on certain values and cannot be expressed as a fraction or decimal. The number of students in a class is a specific, whole number and therefore is an example of discrete data. Quantitative data refers to numerical data, which the number of students in a class fits into.

Question 14

An ordinal scale of measurement is more informative than an interval scale of measurement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ordinal scale of measurement is more...

Question 15

Continuous data are strictly distributed in discrete units.

Accepted Answer

Continuous data represent measurements that can take on any value within a range. They are not restricted to discrete units or categories.

Question 16

A researcher records the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week by students living on campus in rural and urban colleges.In this example,the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week is the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week is the variable being measured or observed in the study, thus making it the dependent variable.

Question 17

A researcher observes the number of tasks completed by male and female participants during a multitasking observation period.In this example,sex (male,female)is the quasi-independent variable.

Accepted Answer

The sex of the participants is being manipulated/selected in this example, making it a quasi-independent variable.

Question 18

In some cases,the number of participants in a sample can be greater than the number of persons in the population from which the same was selected.

Accepted Answer

The number of participants in a sample cannot exceed the total number of individuals in the population from which the sample is drawn, as the sample is a subset of the population.

Question 19

Only an experiment can demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Accepted Answer

An experiment is designed to manipulate a variable and observe its effect on another variable. This allows for the determination of cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Other research methods, such as correlational studies, cannot demonstrate causation.

Question 20

Children received grapefruit juice mixed with 2%,5%,or 10% sugar to test whether higher concentrations of sugar can enhance liking for the taste of grapefruit juice.In this example,the sugar mixtures are the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

The sugar mixtures are the independent variable because they are being manipulated to determine their effect on the dependent variable (liking for the taste of grapefruit juice).

Quiz 1: Introduction to Statistics