Question 1

Cultural relativity suggests that we should view other cultures as ______ to our culture.
A) inferior
B) unrelated
C) superior
D) different

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativity means that we should recognize and respect the differences in other cultures instead of solely judging them through the lens of our own culture. Therefore, the best choice is D, different, as it acknowledges the unique qualities and perspectives of each culture. Options A and C imply a value judgment, which cultural relativity seeks to avoid, while option B is inaccurate because all cultures are related in some way.

Question 2

You are told that Dr.Doe researches the behavior patterns of a group of French descendants who live near the mouth of the Mississippi River.Dr.Doe is most likely a
A) humanistic psychologist.
B) biological psychologist.
C) cognitive psychologist.
D) sociocultural psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural psychologists focus on how social and cultural factors influence behavior. Dr. Doe's research on a group of French descendants in a specific location suggests that they are interested in the cultural factors that could be influencing their behavior.

Question 3

Sociocultural psychologists suggest that differences between cultural groups
A) need to be reduced so we can have better understanding of the individual.
B) are smaller than differences between individuals within a given group.
C) arise from biological differences associated with racial genetics.
D) are much greater than differences between individuals within the group.

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural psychologists suggest that cultural differences are smaller than differences between individuals within a given group. This means that even though individuals from different cultures may have different beliefs, values, and behaviors, the differences between individuals within each cultural group are much larger than the differences between cultural groups. This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding each individual as a unique and complex entity regardless of their cultural background.

Question 4

Who was the first to publish a description of the cells of the brain,now called neurons?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Santiago Ramón y Cajal
C) Albert Bandura
D) Margaret Floy Washburn

Accepted Answer

Santiago Ramón y Cajal was the first to publish a description of the cells of the brain, now called neurons. He went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for his work on the structure of the nervous system.

Question 5

One of the values promoted by sociocultural psychologists is the belief that
A) genetics is more powerful than we think.
B) social roles help people know how to relate to each other more effectively.
C) might makes right.
D) different is OK.

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural psychologists believe that it is important to embrace cultural diversity and that differences should be respected and valued. Therefore, "different is OK" is the value that is promoted by sociocultural psychologists.

Question 6

The most important aspect of study to a humanist is
A) social learning.
B) conditioning.
C) self-concept
D) neuron functioning.

Accepted Answer

Humanists place great emphasis on self-concept, which refers to an individual's perception of themselves and their abilities. Humanistic psychology stresses the importance of personal growth and self-actualization, which can only be achieved if an individual has a positive self-concept. Therefore, self-concept is the most important aspect of study to a humanist.

Question 7

The first intelligence test was developed to
A) provide France with a college entrance examination.
B) determine educational pathways for children.
C) test the memory abilities of U.S.workers.
D) diagnose mentally retarded criminals.

Accepted Answer

The first intelligence test, developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon in the early 20th century, was designed to identify children who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum, effectively determining educational pathways for them.

Question 8

If you are interested in understanding the structures of the brain that influence emotion,reasoning,speech,and other psychological processes,then you are interested in studying psychology from the ______ perspective.
A) cognitive
B) evolutionary
C) neuroscience
D) sociocultural

Accepted Answer

The perspective that focuses on the structures of the brain and how they influence psychological processes is the neuroscience perspective.

Question 9

The ______ perspective had its greatest influences from social anthropology.
A) sociocultural
B) neo-behavioristic
C) psychoanalytic
D) neuroscience

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective emphasizes the role of culture and society in shaping behavior and cognition. This perspective draws heavily from the methods and insights of social anthropology, which examines various aspects of culture and society, including language, kinship systems, economics, and religious beliefs. The sociocultural perspective is also informed by other fields, such as sociology and cultural studies, which explore the ways in which social structures and cultural norms influence individual and group behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following topics would be studied by a neuroscientist?
A) correlations between behavior and weather patterns
B) comparisons of scores on test of psychometrics
C) the role of hormones in the regulation of behavior
D) how the formation of gender identity differs between cultures

Accepted Answer

A neuroscientist would be interested in studying the role of hormones in the regulation of behavior because hormones are involved in the functioning of the nervous system.

Question 11

Self-concept refers to the idea of
A) how we came into the world.
B) our view of what we are like.
C) how we conceptualize other people.
D) the relationship we have with our parents.

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to an individual's perception or view of themselves, including their traits, abilities, and overall identity. It is not related to how they came into the world, their relationship with their parents, or how they conceptualize other people.

Question 12

Alfred Binet's work originated in ______ but has been translated for use in ______.
A) Germany;Russia
B) Russia;France
C) France;the United States
D) the United States;Germany

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet was a French psychologist and his work originated in France. His most famous work, the Binet-Simon intelligence test, was later translated and adapted for use in the United States by Lewis Terman, resulting in the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.

Question 13

Humanists believe that conscious processes are
A) important.
B) non-existent.
C) unimportant.
D) negative.

Accepted Answer

Humanists believe that conscious processes, such as emotions, thoughts, and self-reflection, are important and central to human experience and understanding.

Question 14

The ______ perspective suggests that to understand someone,we must understand both their beliefs,attitudes,and skills learned from others as well as we must understand their culture,ethnic identity,and gender identity.
A) evolutionary
B) neuroscience
C) psychoanalytical
D) sociocultural

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective takes into account the social and cultural context in which an individual lives and how it influences their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding an individual's cultural, ethnic, and gender identity in order to fully understand them. The evolutionary perspective focuses on how natural selection has shaped behavior over time, the neuroscience perspective examines how the brain and nervous system influence behavior, and the psychoanalytical perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences in shaping behavior. While these perspectives can all contribute to understanding an individual, the sociocultural perspective best addresses the importance of culture and identity.

Question 15

According to Sigmund Freud,where do motives reside?
A) at the synaptic gap
B) in the conditioned reflex
C) in the unconscious mind
D) at the corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

According to Sigmund Freud, motives reside in the unconscious mind, which is the part of the mind that we are not aware of but still influences our behavior and thoughts. Freud believed that unconscious motives and desires could create conflict with conscious thoughts and behavior.

Question 16

If you are studying psychometrics,you are studying the
A) measurement of mental functions.
B) development of mental functions.
C) measurement of physical characteristics.
D) development of physical characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Psychometrics is the study of psychological measurement, which involves the measurement of mental functions such as cognition, personality, and behaviors. It uses statistical methods to develop assessment tools and measure different psychological variables.

Question 17

The basic foundation of the sociocultural approach is that our personalities,beliefs,attitudes,and skills are
A) imprinted at birth.
B) preprogrammed at conception.
C) innate from birth.
D) learned from others.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural approach emphasizes the role of cultural and social influences on our personalities, beliefs, attitudes, and skills. Therefore, the best choice is D - our characteristics are not innate or preprogrammed at birth, but are learned from others through socialization, cultural traditions, and experiences.

Question 18

Which psychologist founded France's first psychology laboratory and was a pioneer in intelligence testing?
A) Rene Descartes
B) Alfred Binet
C) Edward Titchener
D) Inez Prosser

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet founded France's first psychology laboratory and is a pioneer in intelligence testing.

Question 19

Psychologists who study the role of the brain in psychological processes use the
A) neuroscience perspective.
B) psychoanalytic approach.
C) humanistic viewpoint.
D) sociocultural viewpoint.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who study the role of the brain in psychological processes use the neuroscience perspective, which focuses on the relationship between the brain and behavior. This perspective emphasizes the biological basis of behavior and how genetics, neurons, and brain structure play a role in psychological processes.

Question 20

A person can only be understood by studying the beliefs and the values of the community in which the person has lived.This statement best exemplifies the
A) behavioral approach.
B) sociocultural approach.
C) humanistic approach.
D) social learning approach.

Accepted Answer

The statement highlights the importance of the community or culture in shaping an individual's beliefs and values, which is a central tenet of the sociocultural approach to psychology. The other options do not necessarily focus on the role of social and cultural factors in shaping behavior and personality.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Psychology

Cultural relativity suggests that we should view other cultures as ______ to our culture.

You are told that Dr.Doe researches the behavior patterns of a group of French descendants who live near the mouth of the Mississippi River.Dr.Doe is most likely a

Sociocultural psychologists suggest that differences between cultural groups

Who was the first to publish a description of the cells of the brain,now called neurons?

One of the values promoted by sociocultural psychologists is the belief that

The most important aspect of study to a humanist is

The first intelligence test was developed to

If you are interested in understanding the structures of the brain that influence emotion,reasoning,speech,and other psychological processes,then you are interested in studying psychology from the ______ perspective.

The ______ perspective had its greatest influences from social anthropology.

Which of the following topics would be studied by a neuroscientist?

Self-concept refers to the idea of

Alfred Binet's work originated in but has been translated for use in .

Humanists believe that conscious processes are

The ______ perspective suggests that to understand someone,we must understand both their beliefs,attitudes,and skills learned from others as well as we must understand their culture,ethnic identity,and gender identity.

According to Sigmund Freud,where do motives reside?

If you are studying psychometrics,you are studying the

The basic foundation of the sociocultural approach is that our personalities,beliefs,attitudes,and skills are

Which psychologist founded France's first psychology laboratory and was a pioneer in intelligence testing?

Psychologists who study the role of the brain in psychological processes use the

A person can only be understood by studying the beliefs and the values of the community in which the person has lived.This statement best exemplifies the