Question 1

Bipolar disorder is ________.
A) unrelated to hypomania
B) not associated with experiencing depression
C) found in roughly 5 to 10% of all Americans
D) typically marked by at least one manic or hypomanic episode

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is marked by at least one episode of mania or hypomania. It is not unrelated to hypomania and is often associated with experiencing depressive episodes. It is estimated to affect approximately 2.6% of the adult population in the United States.

Question 2

Layla has been struggling with depressive symptoms for several months. Her coworkers and her supervisor have all noticed that even though she makes it to work, she is often distracted, is not social, does not get her work done on time, and makes an unusually high number of errors. Based on what your textbook presents, we could say Layla has a high level of ________ at work.
A) psychoticism
B) diathesis
C) presenteeism
D) absenteeism

Accepted Answer

Presenteeism refers to an employee being physically present at work but not fully functioning due to a health condition or other issue, such as depression in Layla's case. Her symptoms are impacting her work performance and productivity. Psychoticism refers to a personality trait characterized by hostility, impulsivity, and interpersonal alienation. Diathesis is a vulnerability or predisposition to a mental health disorder. Absenteeism refers to an employee being absent from work, which is not the case for Layla.

Question 3

What is the approximate lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in the United States?
A) 20% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.
B) 30% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.
C) 40% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.
D) 50% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.

Accepted Answer

The approximate lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder in the United States is 20%. This means that about 1 in 5 people will experience major depressive disorder at some point in their lives.

Question 4

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________.
A) a manic episode
B) a dysthymic episode
C) a loss of mental control
D) a psychotic break

Accepted Answer

Padma's symptoms of feeling extremely confident, needing very little sleep, and having racing thoughts are all classic signs of a manic episode, which is associated with bipolar disorder. Symptoms of a dysthymic episode, loss of mental control, and psychotic break do not fit with the symptoms described by Padma.

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of major depressive disorder?
A) depressed mood that comes and goes frequently
B) diminished interest in daily activities
C) heightened interest in sexual activity
D) an enhanced sense of creativity

Accepted Answer

Diminished interest in daily activities is a characteristic of major depressive disorder. A depressed mood may not come and go frequently but persist for at least two weeks. Heightened interest in sexual activity and enhanced sense of creativity are not typical symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Question 6

Among the criteria for major depressive disorder is having a depressed mood for at least________.
A) one week
B) two weeks
C) one month
D) two months

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5 criteria, a person must have a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities for at least two weeks to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

Question 7

________ disorders are marked by persistent or episodic disturbances in emotion that interfere with normal functioning in at least one realm of life.
A) Anxiety
B) Personality
C) Mood
D) Eating

Accepted Answer

Mood disorders are specifically marked by disturbances in emotion, whereas anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or worry, personality disorders involve longstanding patterns of behavior and thought, and eating disorders involve abnormal eating habits and attitudes towards food.

Question 8

An individual who is depressed may have unusually low activity in which part of the brain?
A) the dorsal amygdala
B) the lateral hypothalamus
C) the right parietal lobe
D) the left frontal lobe

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals with depression have low activity in the left frontal lobe, which is responsible for positive emotions and motivation.

Question 9

Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ______ disorders.
A) neurotic
B) somatoform
C) psychotic
D) mood

Accepted Answer

Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all classified as mood disorders, which are characterized by disturbances in emotional expression and regulation. Neurotic disorders involve anxiety and distress, somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms with no apparent medical explanation, and psychotic disorders involve disruptions in thought, perception, and behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following is a common misconception about suicide?
A) People who attempt suicide are "crazy."
B) Talking to people who are suicidal about their thoughts will actually help them in reducing their suicidal impulses.
C) People who commit suicide were often very willing to seek help.
D) Someone determined to commit suicide can be stopped.

Accepted Answer

Labeling people who attempt suicide as "crazy" is a misconception. Mental health issues are complex, and those who attempt suicide often struggle with severe emotional pain or mental illness, not insanity.

Question 11

Mitzula is very scared of bugs, and because she saw one "stinkbug" crawling on the floor of her house last week, she is constantly scanning the house for any sign of more creepy-crawlies. Which kind of maladaptive process or bias is Mitzula demonstrating?
A) She is biased in the attributions that she makes.
B) She is biased in her pattern of thoughts
C) She is biased in what she tends to pay attention to.
D) She is biased in her behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Mitzula is demonstrating a bias in what she tends to pay attention to, as she is constantly scanning the house for signs of bugs due to her fear of them.

Question 12

David has just been diagnosed with MDD. As such, he may have which of the following symptoms?
A) a compulsive need to check and recheck things
B) enhanced self-esteem and elation
C) heightened energy
D) intense restlessness

Accepted Answer

Intense restlessness is a possible symptom of MDD, whereas A, B, and C are more commonly associated with other mental health conditions such as OCD, bipolar disorder, and mania, respectively.

Question 13

The development of a psychological illness can involve influences from family members, peers, or the culture that surrounds us. These factors demonstrate the influence of the level of the ________.
A) individual
B) group
C) personal
D) brain

Accepted Answer

The influences of family members, peers, and the culture surrounding us all fall under the category of group-level influences.

Question 14

Your authors suggest that major depression affects several different areas of psychological functioning. Which of the following is one of those areas?
A) cognition
B) perception
C) rumination
D) consciousness

Accepted Answer

Major depression can affect a person's cognition or thinking patterns, leading to negative thought patterns, difficulty with decision-making, and issues with concentration and memory. While perception, rumination, and consciousness may also be affected by depression, they are not specifically mentioned by the authors as areas of psychological functioning impacted by the disorder.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes dysthymia?
A) a mild, chronic form of depression
B) a severe, intermittent form of depression
C) a form of depression that affects biological functions such as appetite
D) a form of depression that is very responsive to electroconvulsive therapy

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia is a chronic, low-grade form of depression that persists for at least two years. It is characterized by symptoms such as low mood, feelings of hopelessness, and a lack of interest in daily activities, but it is not severe enough to meet the criteria for major depressive disorder.

Question 16

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following two factors could combine to produce the symptoms of a mental illness?
A) particular ways of thinking and neurotransmitter imbalances
B) genes and abnormal brain structures
C) trauma and abuse
D) neurotransmitter imbalances and culture-related stress

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that mental illness results from the interaction of a predispositional vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stressors. Neurotransmitter imbalances can be a biological vulnerability, and culture-related stress can be an environmental stressor.

Question 17

Why is it that people from Asian cultures are likely to report increased tiredness, weakness, a sense of "imbalance," and other bodily symptoms when experiencing major depressive disorder?
A) Because the symptoms are much different due to the different herbal remedies that may be utilized.
B) Because cultural surroundings can influence how depression is expressed.
C) Because research has shown that diets that are high in carbohydrates, including the staple of many Asian cultural menus (rice), can cause a "shift" in the symptoms of depression.
D) Because there is a tremendous amount of cultural pressure to hide the real symptoms of any illness, whether it is physical or psychological.

Accepted Answer

Cultural surroundings can influence how depression is expressed. In Asian cultures, there may be a greater emphasis on somatic or physical symptoms, such as tiredness and weakness, rather than psychological symptoms, due to cultural norms surrounding the expression of emotions. This can result in a different presentation of depressive symptoms compared to Western cultures that may emphasize psychological symptoms such as sadness and hopelessness.

Question 18

The biopsychosocial model takes into account the level(s) of the ________.
A) brain, person, and group
B) brain and person only
C) brain and group only
D) person and group only

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model takes into account the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to an individual's health and well-being. Therefore, it considers the levels of the brain (biological), person (psychological), and group (social).

Question 19

When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis?
A) mania
B) dissociative fugue
C) conversion disorder
D) catatonic schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

The symptoms suggest mania, which is a condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy and activity, rapid speech, and irritability. These symptoms are similar to those seen in amphetamine use, but the persistence of the symptoms after the drug has left the body suggests an organic origin, such as a manic episode. The other options listed (dissociative fugue, conversion disorder, and catatonic schizophrenia) are not typically associated with the symptoms described.

Question 20

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ______ disorders.
A) conversion
B) somatoform
C) mood
D) dissociative

Accepted Answer

Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in emotion, such as depression or bipolar disorder. Conversion and somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms without a clear medical explanation, while dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, awareness, or identity.

Quiz 11: Psychological Disorders: More Than Everyday Problems

Bipolar disorder is ________.

What is the approximate lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in the United States?

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________.

Which of the following is a characteristic of major depressive disorder?

Among the criteria for major depressive disorder is having a depressed mood for at least________.

________ disorders are marked by persistent or episodic disturbances in emotion that interfere with normal functioning in at least one realm of life.

An individual who is depressed may have unusually low activity in which part of the brain?

Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ______ disorders.

Which of the following is a common misconception about suicide?

Mitzula is very scared of bugs, and because she saw one "stinkbug" crawling on the floor of her house last week, she is constantly scanning the house for any sign of more creepy-crawlies. Which kind of maladaptive process or bias is Mitzula demonstrating?

David has just been diagnosed with MDD. As such, he may have which of the following symptoms?

The development of a psychological illness can involve influences from family members, peers, or the culture that surrounds us. These factors demonstrate the influence of the level of the ________.

Your authors suggest that major depression affects several different areas of psychological functioning. Which of the following is one of those areas?

Which of the following best describes dysthymia?

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following two factors could combine to produce the symptoms of a mental illness?

Why is it that people from Asian cultures are likely to report increased tiredness, weakness, a sense of "imbalance," and other bodily symptoms when experiencing major depressive disorder?

The biopsychosocial model takes into account the level(s) of the ________.

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ______ disorders.