Question 1

Disidentification can occur when
A)children begin to think of themselves as "dumb" when they do poorly on tests.
B)women who are good at math feel that they do not fit the female stereotype.
C)people feel that they are being discriminated against because of racial or gender stereotypes.
D)children begin to believe that intelligence can change over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Disidentification can occur when
A)children begin to think...

Question 2

Charles Spearman used the letter g as an abbreviation for ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charles Spearman used the letter g as...

Question 3

People from different cultures tend to think about the concept of intelligence differently.For example people from Western cultures tend to focus on
A)common sense.
B)"street smarts."
C)intellectual intelligence.
D)emotional intelligence.

Accepted Answer

People from Western cultures tend to focus on intellectual intelligence, which includes skills such as logical reasoning, problem-solving, and critical thinking. This type of intelligence is often measured using IQ tests and is emphasized in educational systems in Western countries.

Question 4

As an African American,Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence.If he experiences stereotype threat while taking an intelligence test,it is likely that
A)Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the stereotype may worsen his test performance.
B)Sanyu's test score will be unaffected but he will feel uncomfortable throughout the test.
C)Sanyu's awareness of the stereotype will motivate him to excel on the test.
D)Sanyu will return the test to the administrator completely blank.

Accepted Answer

When an individual experiences stereotype threat, they become self-conscious about the negative stereotypes associated with their group. This self-consciousness can create anxiety, which can worsen their test performance. Therefore, it is likely that Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the stereotype may worsen his test performance.

Question 5

Marcus is only 8 years old.However,his score on the Stanford-Binet test is the same as the average 10 year old.Therefore,Marcus' ______________ is 10.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marcus is only 8 years old.However,his score...

Question 6

Most intelligence tests are normed so that the average (mean)IQ is ___________,with a standard deviation of ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most intelligence tests are normed so that...

Question 7

When Dweck and her colleagues taught _____________ views to a group of junior high students,they found that the group's grades _____________.
A)entity; improved
B)entity; worsened
C)incremental; improved
D)incremental; worsened

Accepted Answer

Dweck and her colleagues found that teaching incremental views (belief that abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication) to a group of junior high students improved their grades. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Question 8

One of the difficulties with interpreting group-differences in intelligence,is that these studies are almost all
A)experimental.
B)correlational.
C)biased.
D)unfalsifiable.

Accepted Answer

Most studies on group differences in intelligence are correlational because it is not feasible or ethical to conduct experimental studies manipulating intelligence levels in groups.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about incremental theories?
A)Children who hold incremental views tend to give up when confronted with difficult problems in school.
B)Children who hold incremental theories view their intelligence as something that cannot be changed.
C)Children who hold incremental theories tend to do poorly academically compared to those who hold entity theories.
D)Children can be taught incremental views.

Accepted Answer

Incremental theories posit that intelligence can be developed through effort and learning, and research has shown that children who hold incremental theories tend to be more academically successful than those who hold entity theories (which view intelligence as fixed and unchangeable). Additionally, studies have shown that children can be taught to hold incremental views, suggesting that these theories are not fixed and unchangeable themselves. Therefore, the best choice is D: children can be taught incremental views.

Question 10

Tang believes that everyone is born with a certain amount of intelligence that cannot change.When he is confronted with a difficult problem in math class that he cannot solve right away,he is likely to
A)give up.
B)ask a "smart" student for guidance.
C)ask the teacher for guidance.
D)keep trying

Accepted Answer

Tang's belief that intelligence is fixed and cannot change (a fixed mindset) would likely lead him to give up when faced with a challenging problem, as he may believe that his inability to solve it immediately reflects his unchangeable level of intelligence.

Question 11

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe
A)that a person's intelligence is fixed and very difficult to change.
B)that a person's intelligence is shaped by experience and effort.
C)that there is only one type of intelligence.
D)that there are multiple types of intelligences.

Accepted Answer

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe that intelligence is shaped by experience and effort. They believe that it is not fixed and can be improved through learning and hard work. Option A is incorrect as people who hold an incremental theory do not believe that intelligence is fixed. Option C is incorrect as people with this theory recognize that there are multiple types of intelligence. Option D is correct, but incomplete as it does not address the main characteristic of an incremental theory, which is the belief that intelligence can change.

Question 12

Carmen is taking an advanced math test and she feels a burden of doubt because she knows the negative stereotypes about women's abilities in mathematics.This feeling has been labeled
A)test anxiety.
B)gender dissonance.
C)gender bias.
D)stereotype threat.

Accepted Answer

Carmen's doubt is a result of negative stereotypes about women's abilities in mathematics, which is known as stereotype threat. Therefore, the best choice is D. Test anxiety (A) is a general term for feeling stressed or worried about an upcoming test, and gender dissonance (B) refers to a psychological discomfort or conflict that arises when an individual's internal gender identity does not match their external gender role. Gender bias (C) involves a preference or prejudice for one gender over the other and is not applicable in this scenario.

Question 13

Your textbook argues that racial differences in intelligence test scores are likely due to
A)genetics.
B)culture.
C)motivation.
D)social class.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your textbook argues that racial differences in...

Question 14

Regarding group racial differences in IQ scores,the authors of your textbook would agree with which statement?
A)There are strong genetically based differences between ethnic and racial groups in the area of IQ test performance.
B)Although differences between ethnic and racial groups on standardized IQ tests may be demonstrated,the more likely factor in this difference is environmental.
C)The issue should not be studied because of its disruptive nature to society.
D)The cultural differences between races completely accounts for the differences in IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

The authors of the textbook would agree that while differences between ethnic and racial groups on standardized IQ tests may be demonstrated, the more likely factor in this difference is environmental rather than genetic. This perspective aligns with the current scientific consensus on the topic.

Question 15

Taylor is the only girl on her baseball team.Today she will be playing in the championship game and is worried that she will "choke" (not be able to play as well as she usually does)because she was told that girls always "choke" in the big games.What concept is being represented?
A)between-group heritability
B)confirmation bias
C)stereotype threat
D)test bias

Accepted Answer

The concept being represented is stereotype threat, which refers to the negative effect of stereotypes on individuals' performance in specific domains. In this case, Taylor is internalizing the stereotype that girls always choke in big games, and this is causing her to worry about performing poorly.

Question 16

The difference between the intelligence scores of African Americans and Asian Americans has been estimated to be as high as ___ points.
A)5
B)10
C)15
D)25

Accepted Answer

The answer of The difference between the intelligence scores of...

Question 17

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence tend to ______________ when faced with challenging academic problems.
A)give up
B)cheat
C)feel hopeless
D)be resilient

Accepted Answer

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe that intelligence can be developed and improved through hard work and perseverance. Therefore, when faced with challenging academic problems, they tend to be resilient and persistent in their efforts to overcome them. They view obstacles as opportunities for growth and learning, rather than reasons to give up or cheat.

Question 18

Stereotype threat refers to
A)poor performance on IQ tests by minorities.
B)the fear that poor performance on an IQ test will confirm minority stereotypes.
C)threats against minorities if they perform well on an IQ test.
D)the stereotype that minorities are less intelligent than others.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat is the fear that one's performance on a test will confirm negative stereotypes about the group to which they belong, leading to anxiety and decreased performance. It can affect anyone who belongs to a stereotyped group, including minorities, women, and individuals with disabilities. It is not limited to IQ tests or minorities specifically, and it does not refer to threats against minorities if they perform well on a test.

Question 19

Rita is a brilliant biochemist,but she has trouble controlling her emotions and does not tolerate other people well.In which of the following countries would this likely be seen as a mark against her intelligence?
A)The United States
B)China
C)Canada
D)France

Accepted Answer

In China, there is a cultural ideal of "harmony" and the ability to maintain calm and collective emotions is highly valued. Therefore, Rita's difficulty with controlling her emotions and not tolerating other people well would likely be seen as a mark against her intelligence. In countries like the United States, Canada, and France, while emotional intelligence is important, it may not be as heavily emphasized in measuring overall intelligence.

Question 20

People who hold an entity theory of intelligence believe
A)that a person's intelligence is fixed and very difficult to change.
B)that a person's intelligence is shaped by experience and effort.
C)that there is only one type of intelligence.
D)that there are multiple types of intelligences.

Accepted Answer

People who hold an entity theory of intelligence believe that intelligence is a fixed trait that cannot be changed much. They may believe that a person is born with a certain level of intelligence, and there isn't much that can be done to improve it.

Quiz 9: Intelligence, aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Disidentification can occur when

Charles Spearman used the letter g as an abbreviation for ___________________.

People from different cultures tend to think about the concept of intelligence differently.For example people from Western cultures tend to focus on

As an African American,Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence.If he experiences stereotype threat while taking an intelligence test,it is likely that

Marcus is only 8 years old.However,his score on the Stanford-Binet test is the same as the average 10 year old.Therefore,Marcus' ______________ is 10.

Most intelligence tests are normed so that the average (mean)IQ is _,with a standard deviation of _.

When Dweck and her colleagues taught _ views to a group of junior high students,they found that the group's grades _.

One of the difficulties with interpreting group-differences in intelligence,is that these studies are almost all

Which of the following is true about incremental theories?

Tang believes that everyone is born with a certain amount of intelligence that cannot change.When he is confronted with a difficult problem in math class that he cannot solve right away,he is likely to

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence believe

Carmen is taking an advanced math test and she feels a burden of doubt because she knows the negative stereotypes about women's abilities in mathematics.This feeling has been labeled

Your textbook argues that racial differences in intelligence test scores are likely due to

Regarding group racial differences in IQ scores,the authors of your textbook would agree with which statement?

Taylor is the only girl on her baseball team.Today she will be playing in the championship game and is worried that she will "choke" (not be able to play as well as she usually does) because she was told that girls always "choke" in the big games.What concept is being represented?

The difference between the intelligence scores of African Americans and Asian Americans has been estimated to be as high as ___ points.

People who hold an incremental theory of intelligence tend to ______________ when faced with challenging academic problems.

Stereotype threat refers to

Rita is a brilliant biochemist,but she has trouble controlling her emotions and does not tolerate other people well.In which of the following countries would this likely be seen as a mark against her intelligence?

People who hold an entity theory of intelligence believe