Question 1

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________.
A)cat food
B)cat
C)running of the cats
D)cupboard door opening

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus (US) is the natural trigger for the behavior, in this case, the cat food. The cats have an unconditioned response (UR) to the food, which is to come running to the kitchen. Through classical conditioning, Rachel has paired the opening of the cupboard door (conditioned stimulus, CS) with the presentation of the food (US), causing the cats to learn to associate the sound of the door opening with the impending arrival of their meal. Over time, the sound of the door opening alone (now a conditioned stimulus, CS) has become the trigger for the cat's conditioned response (CR) of running to the kitchen.

Question 2

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the ringing of the bell was the __________.
A)unconditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response
C)conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned response

Accepted Answer

The ringing of the bell was originally a neutral stimulus (it did not trigger salivation). But after being paired with the presentation of meat, it became a conditioned stimulus that triggered salivation even when no meat was presented. Therefore, the correct answer is C - conditioned stimulus.

Question 3

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?
A)the person lighting the firecrackers
B)the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers
C)the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers
D)the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned response is the natural response that is not learned. In this case, the unconditioned response is the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode. This response is not learned or conditioned, as even young children who have never been exposed to firecrackers would likely have a similar response. The other options - the person lighting the firecrackers, the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers, and the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers - are all conditioned responses that are learned through experience.

Question 4

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?
A)present the tone alone repeatedly
B)present the puff of air alone repeatedly
C)increase the loudness of the tone
D)increase the amount of air that is directed toward the eye

Accepted Answer

Presenting the tone alone repeatedly without the puff of air should cause the participant to stop associating the tone with the reflexive response (blinking). This process is called extinction. Presenting the puff of air alone (choice B) may actually strengthen the association between the tone and blinking. Increasing the loudness of the tone or the amount of air directed toward the eye (choices C and D) may be unnecessary and could even potentially harm the participant.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?
A)Most classical conditioning requires repeated trials.
B)One trial is usually enough for conditioning to occur
C)Learning will continue to increase indefinitely
D)Learning is more effective if trials follow each other very quickly.

Accepted Answer

Most classical conditioning requires repeated trials, as it takes time for the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus to become established.

Question 6

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?
A)unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response
B)conditioned response and unconditioned response
C)neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus
D)neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, so that the neutral stimulus eventually elicits the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. Therefore, the correct answer is C, neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus.

Question 7

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ___________ .
A)operant conditioning
B)trial and error
C)classical conditioning
D)shaping

Accepted Answer

Instinctive or involuntary behavior occurs without conscious effort or thought. Therefore, it is most effectively modified through classical conditioning, which associates a previously neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring response. Through repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus can come to elicit the same response as the naturally occurring one.

Question 8

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the conditioned stimulus?
A)the person lighting the firecrackers
B)the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers
C)the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers
D)the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus is the person lighting the firecrackers. This is because the children learn to associate the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers with the person lighting them. Over time, the sight of the person approaching the firecracker with a match becomes enough to elicit the same response (putting their hands over their ears) as the sound of the exploding firecrackers.

Question 9

When Casey opens the closet door to get some dog food,her dog salivates.What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?
A)dog food
B)the cat running
C)the sound of the closet door opening
D)the dog

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus is the sound of the closet door opening because it has been associated with the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (dog food) over time, leading to a conditioned response (the dog salivating).

Question 10

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.
A)cat food
B)cat
C)running of the cats
D)cupboard door opening

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus (in this case, the opening of the cupboard door) that is associated with the unconditioned stimulus (in this case, the cat food) to elicit a particular response (in this case, the cats running to the kitchen).

Question 11

In classical conditioning,when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response,the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a/an _______ stimulus.
A)conditioned
B)discriminative
C)higher-order
D)unconditioned

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus when it is consistently paired with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a similar response.

Question 12

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus?
A)the person lighting the firecrackers
B)the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers
C)the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers
D)the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus is the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers. It elicits a natural response of covering one's ears in order to protect the ears from the loud noise. The person lighting the firecracker (A) and the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers (C) are not natural stimuli that would elicit a response. The children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode (D) is the conditioned response, not the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 13

An automatic,innate,and involuntary response to an environmental event is an ________.
A)UR
B)reflexive response
C)unconditioned response
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the given options (UR, reflexive response, unconditioned response) refer to the same concept - an automatic, innate, and involuntary response to an environmental event. Therefore, all the given choices are correct.

Question 14

When Ivan Pavlov presented meat powder,the dog salivated.The meat powder was the ________ and salivation was the ________.
A)UR,US
B)US,UR
C)CS,CR
D)CR,CS

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned response (UR) is the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus (US), which the animal or person has not learned to associate with any particular response. In this case, the meat powder is the unconditioned stimulus (US) and the dog's natural response of salivating is the unconditioned response (UR), as the dog salivates naturally without any previous conditioning. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A)A child learns to blink her eyes to a bell because the ringing of the bell has been followed by a puff of air to the eye.
B)A pigeon learns to peck at a disk in a Skinner box to get food.
C)Rich saw that when Donna banged her fist against a particular vending machine,she got a free soft drink,so now he bangs his fist against that machine when he wants a free soft drink.
D)A monkey learns to escape from a cage.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning to associate a neutral stimulus with a previously meaningful stimulus. In this case, the bell is initially a neutral stimulus, but it becomes associated with the puff of air to the eye, which elicits a blink. The child learns to blink in response to the sound of the bell. The other options do not involve classical conditioning. B involves operant conditioning, where the pigeon learns to perform a behavior to receive a reward. C involves observational learning or imitation, where Rich learns to bang the vending machine based on observing Donna's behavior. D is too vague to determine what type of learning is involved.

Question 16

How does one know he/she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?
A)The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the unconditioned response.
B)The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response.
C)The conditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response.
D)The unconditioned response all by itself elicits the conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

Classically conditioning a person or animal means that the conditioned stimulus (CS) now elicits the conditioned response (CR). This means that the CS has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that originally elicited the unconditioned response (UCR). If the UCS were presented alone, it would still elicit the UCR, but if the CS were presented alone, it would now elicit the CR. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 17

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning,that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________ and that the conditioned stimulus is the ___________.
A)cat food; cupboard door opening
B)kitchen; cat food
C)cupboard door opening; cat food
D)cat food; kitchen

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rachel has found that when she opens...

Question 18

New learning that works in the opposite direction from the original learning results in ________.
A)shaping
B)generalization
C)spontaneous recovery
D)extinction

Accepted Answer

The opposite of the original learning would be unlearning or extinction, which occurs when the conditioned response of the original learning is no longer reinforced.

Question 19

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A)blinking when air is blown into your eye
B)blinking,when you hear your favorite song
C)your favorite song
D)a puff of air to your eye

Accepted Answer

A puff of air to your eye is an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally and automatically elicits the reflexive response of blinking. A conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus through conditioning, such as pairing a bell with food to make the bell elicit a salivation response. None of the other choices fit the criteria for an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 20

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the __________.
A)unconditioned stimulus
B)unconditioned response
C)conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned response

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally triggers a response without any prior training or conditioning is called the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). In this experiment, the presentation of meat naturally caused the dogs to salivate, making it the unconditioned stimulus.

Quiz 6: Learning

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the ringing of the bell was the __________.

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ___________ .

When Casey opens the closet door to get some dog food,her dog salivates.What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.

In classical conditioning,when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response,the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a/an _______ stimulus.

An automatic,innate,and involuntary response to an environmental event is an ________.

When Ivan Pavlov presented meat powder,the dog salivated.The meat powder was the and salivation was the .

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

How does one know he/she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning,that the unconditioned stimulus is the and that the conditioned stimulus is the _.

New learning that works in the opposite direction from the original learning results in ________.

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (US) ?

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the __________.