Question 1

Which of the following is a typical field issue that interviewers may encounter in qualitative research?
A)Learning how to funnel from broad issues to narrow ones
B)Establishing the correct codes
C)Encouraging all participants to talk in a group interview
D)Interpreting the participants' responses

Accepted Answer

Encouraging all participants to talk in a group interview can be a typical field issue in qualitative research as some participants may dominate the conversation while others may hesitate to speak up. It is important for interviewers to create a comfortable environment where all participants feel encouraged to share their thoughts and experiences. A skilled interviewer can use techniques such as active listening, open-ended questions, and group facilitation to manage this issue.

Option A is a challenge that interviewers may face during the data analysis stage, not during the fieldwork. Option B is also more relevant to data analysis and coding than to fieldwork. Option D is a general challenge in qualitative research but does not specifically refer to fieldwork issues.

Question 2

Under what circumstances would a qualitative researcher engage in sampling after a study begins?
A)The qualitative research questions change.
B)The study begins to lose participants who drop out.
C)The researcher asks participants to recommend others.
D)The researcher decides to develop a theory.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

From the following list,select the most important item to include on an interview protocol.
A)Questions to gather participant demographics
B)Possible probes associated with each question
C)Prompts to record fieldnotes
D)At least two numeric items

Accepted Answer

Possible probes are essential in an interview protocol as they help delve deeper into a topic, clarify responses, and ensure rich, detailed data collection. They are prepared in advance to guide the interviewer on how to explore or follow up on answers given by participants.

Question 4

Ethical issues often arise in collecting qualitative data.Which one of the following situations may raise an ethical issue in qualitative research?
A)Participants may disclose sensitive information during interviews.
B)Participants may talk openly about their indigenous culture.
C)Participants may sign a waiver providing information to the researcher.
D)Participants may withhold important information during an interview.

Accepted Answer

Participants may disclose sensitive information during interviews, and researchers have an obligation to keep their data confidential. Failure to maintain confidentiality can lead to harm, distrust, and the loss of respect for the researcher, and it may discourage future participation in research. Therefore, researchers must take steps to protect participants' confidentiality, such as de-identifying the data and limiting access to only authorized personnel.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a "gatekeeper" in qualitative research?
A)The individual who maintains access to the institutional review board
B)The individual who helps inform the researcher about the research site
C)The individual who helps locate people and provides entrance to the site
D)The individual who needs to give permission to conduct for the study

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes a...

Question 6

What are the advantages of using focus groups in qualitative research?
A)Interaction yields useful information.
B)They are easier to transcribe than interviews.
C)They tend to be easier for the researcher to take notes.
D)They typically consist of four to six individuals.

Accepted Answer

Focus groups allow for interaction and discussion among participants, which often yields rich and in-depth information that may not be obtained through other qualitative research methods such as individual interviews.

Question 7

You plan to study and observe an adult literacy classroom at a local community college.What approach to observation would you probably first use when you go into the classroom?
A)You would have someone announce your presence.
B)You would sit quietly at the back of the room and observe.
C)You would develop rapport with individuals in the room.
D)You would write your name on the board to introduce yourself.

Accepted Answer

Sitting quietly at the back of the room and observing is the most non-intrusive approach and allows the researcher to gain a holistic view of the classroom and its participants without disrupting their usual activities or behavior. This approach also allows the researcher to get a sense of the flow of the class and the dynamics between the teacher and students before attempting to develop rapport or introducing themselves.

Question 8

You are recording information on your observational protocol.What type of notes would you record on this protocol?
A)Participant fieldnotes
B)Reflective fieldnotes
C)Observational fieldnotes
D)Audio fieldnotes

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are recording information on your observational...

Question 9

Which one of the following provides a good reason for why qualitative researchers select only a few participants?
A)The number of people available is typically small.
B)With each additional participant,less depth is possible.
C)The individuals who can answer the questions are few.
D)The researcher does not want to generalize findings.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research focuses on understanding a phenomenon in depth, rather than making generalizations based on a large sample size. As such, qualitative researchers often select only a few participants to allow for a thorough exploration of their experiences, perspectives, and behaviors. With each additional participant, the depth of understanding may decrease as the researcher has less time and resources to devote to each individual.

Question 10

Which of the following is the best example of a document collected by qualitative researchers?
A)A quality rating scale
B)A set of scores on a standardized test
C)A grade card of a student
D)A journal of experiences

Accepted Answer

A journal of experiences is a qualitative document that provides rich and in-depth data on an individual's thoughts, feelings, and experiences. It allows researchers to understand the complexity and context of a person's experiences and can provide valuable insights into their perceptions and behaviors. Quality rating scales, standardized test scores, and grade cards are all quantitative documents that provide numerical data but do not necessarily capture the individual's subjective experiences.

Question 11

One of the greatest disadvantages of conducing telephone interviews is that
A)the researcher will not be able to record the interview.
B)the researcher will not have probes in the protocol.
C)the researcher may not be able to understand the interviewee's perceptions as well.
D)the researcher may have difficulty taking notes during the interview.

Accepted Answer

In telephone interviews, the researcher may not be able to see the interviewee's body language or facial expressions, which can make it more difficult to understand their perceptions and emotions. Additionally, tone of voice and nuances in speech may be harder to pick up on over the phone, further limiting the researcher's ability to fully understand the interviewee's perspective.

Question 12

What a disadvantage of using interviews in qualitative research?
A)You cannot measures the variables.
B)You cannot record ice-breakers in the conversation.
C)The researcher hears what the interviewer wants to hear.
D)The data are filtered through the researcher's lens.

Accepted Answer

In qualitative research, the data collected through interviews can be influenced by the researcher's interpretations, biases, and perspectives, which can affect the objectivity and reliability of the findings.

Question 13

In your research study,you shadow or follow around a principal for a day.You sit in his office,you go with him to several classes,you go out to lunch with him,and you listen while he talks with parents,teachers,and students in the school.What form of observation are you engaged in?
A)A changing observational role
B)A "day-in-life" observational role
C)A participant observational role
D)An external observer observational role

Accepted Answer

The researcher is not just observing from an external perspective but is fully immersing themselves in the principal's daily activities by going to classes, having lunch, and engaging in conversations with parents, teachers, and students. This type of observation is known as participant observation, where the researcher becomes a part of the group being studied to gain a deeper understanding of their behaviors and experiences.

Question 14

What type of ethical issues does collecting e-mail messages introduce in qualitative research?
A)Whether individuals will respond to your message
B)Whether you have permission to use their message
C)Whether their message is an accurate statement
D)Whether your message promotes a conversation

Accepted Answer

Collecting e-mail messages in qualitative research introduces ethical issues related to obtaining informed consent from participants to use their messages in the study. Researchers must ensure that participants are aware of the study's purpose, their rights, and possible risks of participation. Additionally, researchers must protect participants' confidentiality and privacy by safeguarding their contact information and excluding any identifiable information in the analysis and reporting of findings. The other options (A, C, D) do not primarily relate to ethical issues in collecting e-mail messages in qualitative research.

Question 15

Which one of the following is the best reason why a qualitative proposal submitted to the institutional review board requires a more detailed description of procedures than a quantitative proposal?
A)The board's familiarity with qualitative approaches
B)The attitudes of institutional review board members
C)The length of the qualitative proposal
D)The amount of time required for qualitative research

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research methodologies can vary significantly and are often less standardized than quantitative approaches. This variability means that institutional review boards (IRBs) may be less familiar with the specific methods and procedures used in qualitative research. As a result, a more detailed description of the procedures is necessary to ensure the IRB fully understands the research plan, its ethical implications, and how participants' rights and welfare will be protected.

Question 16

List two of the steps when collecting audio-visual material in qualitative research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List two of the steps when collecting...

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a clarifying probe?
A)"Tell me more."
B)"What definition are you using?"
C)"Could you explain that idea?"
D)"You need to make more sense."

Accepted Answer

Clarifying probes are questions or prompts that encourage the speaker to provide more information or detail. "Tell me more" is a request for additional information, making it a clarifying probe.

Question 18

"Field notes" written by a researcher during a senior high school assembly are an example of what form of qualitative data?
A)Notes taken at school
B)Field experiences of the researcher
C)Observational notes
D)Material recorded by hand

Accepted Answer

The description of "field notes" suggests that a researcher was making observations during the assembly, which would make them observational notes. This is a form of qualitative data as it involves recording non-numerical data about the event.

Question 19

A researcher decides to study one individual,a painter,who has distinguished herself for painting about children on the playground.What form of qualitative purposeful sampling would this represent?
A)Extreme case sampling
B)Distinctive case sampling
C)Concept sampling
D)Critical case sampling

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher decides to study one individual,a...

Question 20

What is the purpose of an interview or an observational protocol in qualitative research?
A)It helps determine the appropriate procedure.
B)It forms the basis for conducting data collection.
C)It provides a form for the researcher to take notes.
D)It offers an international process for researchers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the purpose of an interview...

Quiz 7: Collecting Qualitative Data

Which of the following is a typical field issue that interviewers may encounter in qualitative research?

Under what circumstances would a qualitative researcher engage in sampling after a study begins?

From the following list,select the most important item to include on an interview protocol.

Ethical issues often arise in collecting qualitative data.Which one of the following situations may raise an ethical issue in qualitative research?

Which of the following best describes a "gatekeeper" in qualitative research?

What are the advantages of using focus groups in qualitative research?

You plan to study and observe an adult literacy classroom at a local community college.What approach to observation would you probably first use when you go into the classroom?

You are recording information on your observational protocol.What type of notes would you record on this protocol?

Which one of the following provides a good reason for why qualitative researchers select only a few participants?

Which of the following is the best example of a document collected by qualitative researchers?

One of the greatest disadvantages of conducing telephone interviews is that

What a disadvantage of using interviews in qualitative research?

In your research study,you shadow or follow around a principal for a day.You sit in his office,you go with him to several classes,you go out to lunch with him,and you listen while he talks with parents,teachers,and students in the school.What form of observation are you engaged in?

What type of ethical issues does collecting e-mail messages introduce in qualitative research?

Which one of the following is the best reason why a qualitative proposal submitted to the institutional review board requires a more detailed description of procedures than a quantitative proposal?

List two of the steps when collecting audio-visual material in qualitative research.

Which of the following is an example of a clarifying probe?

"Field notes" written by a researcher during a senior high school assembly are an example of what form of qualitative data?

A researcher decides to study one individual,a painter,who has distinguished herself for painting about children on the playground.What form of qualitative purposeful sampling would this represent?

What is the purpose of an interview or an observational protocol in qualitative research?