Question 1

Babbling consists of
A)repetition of particular syllables.
B)cooing sounds.
C)crying in times of distress.
D)senseless strings of words.

Accepted Answer

Babbling is the repetition of particular syllables such as "ba-ba-ba" or "da-da-da". It is an important developmental stage in language acquisition.

Question 2

The sentence "I wanted bear" has _____ morphemes.
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sentence "I wanted bear" has _____...

Question 3

Which of the following is not characteristic of infant-directed speech?
A)Varied and exaggerated intonation
B)Long pauses between phrases
C)Repetition
D)Low pitch of the voice

Accepted Answer

Infant-directed speech, often used by adults when speaking to babies, is characterized by a higher pitch, not a lower one. This high pitch, along with varied and exaggerated intonation, long pauses, and repetition, helps to grab and hold the infant's attention.

Question 4

Little Hoc can say about 50 words,and uses them correctly when he speaks.If he's an average child,you'd expect Hoc to be about _____ years old.
A)1
B)1 
C)2
D)2

Accepted Answer

The answer of Little Hoc can say about 50 words,and...

Question 5

The smallest units of meaning in spoken words are
A)morphemes.
B)phonemes.
C)audemes.
D)sound bites.

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in spoken words. They can be a word, a prefix, or a suffix that carries meaning. Phonemes, on the other hand, are the smallest units of sound in spoken language, and audemes and sound bites are not recognized linguistic concepts.

Question 6

Larry is talking to little Manutapu.Whenever he finishes a sentence,Larry looks at Manutapu and encourages him to talk.Whenever Manutapu talks,Larry is quiet and pays attention.Larry and Manutapu are engaged in
A)infant-directed speech.
B)turn-taking.
C)gesturing.
D)linguistic relativity.

Accepted Answer

Larry and Manutapu are taking turns in speaking, which is known as turn-taking. This is a key component of conversation and communication in general. A is incorrect because infant-directed speech is specifically targeted towards infants and tends to involve exaggerated intonation and simpler language. C is incorrect because there is no mention of gesturing in the scenario. D is incorrect because linguistic relativity refers to the idea that language shapes the way we think, which is not relevant to the situation described.

Question 7

Cross-cultural studies have found that infant-directed speech is
A)only used by Americans and Europeans.
B)only used in urbanized,developed countries.
C)only used in rural,developing countries.
D)universal.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural studies have consistently found that infant-directed speech, or baby talk, is used by parents and caregivers in all cultures around the world, albeit with variations in the specific linguistic and vocal features used. This suggests that infant-directed speech may have an adaptive function in infant development and communication that transcends cultural boundaries.

Question 8

Morphemes are
A)the smallest units of sound.
B)the smallest units of audio measurement.
C)the smallest units of meaning.
D)the smallest units of syntax.

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning and cannot be further divided into smaller units while still retaining their meaning. They can be free morphemes (standalone words) or bound morphemes (prefixes, suffixes, and root words that are not used on their own).

Question 9

Referential speech consists mostly of
A)nonsense sounds mixed with real morphemes.
B)names and nouns to describe objects in the environment.
C)social communications.
D)thoughts about religion.

Accepted Answer

Referential speech refers to language that is used to refer to objects and things in the environment. Therefore, choice B which involves the use of names and nouns to describe objects in the environment is the best option. Choices A, C, and D are not relevant to the concept of referential speech.

Question 10

_____ signals to children that a conversation is happening.
A)Linguistic relativity
B)Pragmatics
C)Turn-taking
D)Syntax

Accepted Answer

Turn-taking signals to children that a conversation is happening by establishing a rhythm of taking turns in speaking and listening. It helps children understand when it is their turn to speak and when it is their turn to listen.

Question 11

Little Fareed uses a lot of verbs to describe objects he wants or things he wants to do.Language researchers call this _____ speech.
A)expressive
B)syntactic
C)phonological
D)referential

Accepted Answer

Expressive speech is characterized by the use of rich vocabulary, repetition, and the use of verbs and adjectives to describe emotions, actions, and sensations. In the given scenario, Little Fareed is using a lot of verbs to express his desires and intentions, which is a characteristic feature of expressive speech.

Question 12

Whenever Lena is talking to 2-month-old Magda,her voice rises in pitch,she talks in a sing-song way,and she speaks more slowly.Lena is engaging in _____ with Magda.
A)phonology
B)deferred imitation
C)linguistic relativity
D)infant-directed speech

Accepted Answer

Lena is engaging in infant-directed speech, also known as motherese or baby talk. This is a way of speaking that is characteristic of interactions between adults and young children, and includes features such as a higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, and slower tempo. Infant-directed speech is thought to help infants learn language and to facilitate bonding between caregivers and infants.

Question 13

_____ is a social cue that parents teach their children to show that a conversation is happening.
A)Infant-directed speech
B)Turn-taking
C)Gesturing
D)Linguistic relativity

Accepted Answer

Turn-taking is a social cue that parents teach their children to show that a conversation is happening. It involves taking turns speaking and listening during a conversation. Infants are not initially aware of turn-taking but develop this skill as they mature. Gesturing and linguistic relativity are not necessarily social cues that parents explicitly teach their children.

Question 14

Researchers have learned that
A)all children learn to understand about 75 words by the time they're 13 months old.
B)all children learn to say about 500 words by the time they're 13 months old.
C)the ability of children to learn language differs more between cultures than it does within any one culture.
D)there is great individual variation among children in the learning of language.

Accepted Answer

The statement "there is great individual variation among children in the learning of language" is supported by research and is true. The other options (A, B, and C) are either too specific or too broad and not entirely accurate.

Question 15

Most children begin to point at objects by the time they are _____ months old.
A)8
B)12
C)16
D)20

Accepted Answer

Most children begin to point at objects by the time they are 12 months old. This is an important milestone in their communicative development.

Question 16

A baby's first structured attempts at communication are called
A)babbling.
B)cooing.
C)jargoning.
D)scaffolding.

Accepted Answer

Babbling is the first structured attempt at communication by a baby, which involves making a variety of sounds using lips, tongue, and vocal cords. This occurs around 6-8 months of age and is an important precursor to language development. Cooing refers to the soft and gentle sounds made by a baby in the first few months of life, whereas jargoning refers to the babbling-like speech with intonation patterns that resemble adult language, which usually emerges around 8-10 months of age. Scaffolding refers to the support and guidance provided by an adult to facilitate a child's learning and development.

Question 17

Expressive speech consists mostly of
A)nonsense sounds mixed with real morphemes.
B)names and nouns to describe objects in the environment.
C)social communications.
D)thoughts about religion.

Accepted Answer

Expressive speech primarily involves social communications, focusing on conveying emotions, desires, and social interactions.

Question 18

The word "played" has _____ morphemes.
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Accepted Answer

"Played" has two morphemes: "play" and the past tense suffix "-ed".

Question 19

Little Aleka's speech consists primarily of nouns used to name things in the environment.Language researchers call this _____ language.
A)expressive
B)syntactic
C)phonological
D)referential

Accepted Answer

Referential language is focused on naming and referring to things in the environment, which is the primary feature of Little Aleka's speech described in the scenario. Expressive language involves conveying emotions or attitudes, syntactic language involves sentence structure and grammar, and phonological language involves sound production and pronunciation.

Question 20

Little Rosa is 13 months old.If she is an average child,she should understand approximately _____ spoken words.
A)10
B)30
C)50
D)70

Accepted Answer

By the age of 13 months, an average child typically understands about 50 spoken words.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy

Babbling consists of

The sentence "I wanted bear" has _____ morphemes.

Which of the following is not characteristic of infant-directed speech?

Little Hoc can say about 50 words,and uses them correctly when he speaks.If he's an average child,you'd expect Hoc to be about _____ years old.

The smallest units of meaning in spoken words are

Larry is talking to little Manutapu.Whenever he finishes a sentence,Larry looks at Manutapu and encourages him to talk.Whenever Manutapu talks,Larry is quiet and pays attention.Larry and Manutapu are engaged in

Cross-cultural studies have found that infant-directed speech is

Morphemes are

Referential speech consists mostly of

_____ signals to children that a conversation is happening.

Little Fareed uses a lot of verbs to describe objects he wants or things he wants to do.Language researchers call this _____ speech.

Whenever Lena is talking to 2-month-old Magda,her voice rises in pitch,she talks in a sing-song way,and she speaks more slowly.Lena is engaging in _____ with Magda.

_____ is a social cue that parents teach their children to show that a conversation is happening.

Researchers have learned that

Most children begin to point at objects by the time they are _____ months old.

A baby's first structured attempts at communication are called

Expressive speech consists mostly of

The word "played" has _____ morphemes.

Little Aleka's speech consists primarily of nouns used to name things in the environment.Language researchers call this _____ language.

Little Rosa is 13 months old.If she is an average child,she should understand approximately _____ spoken words.