Question 1

The _______ effect is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy.
A) Pygmalion
B) halo
C) Drucker
D) Stillman

Accepted Answer

The Pygmalion effect is a phenomenon where high expectations placed upon individuals lead them to perform better. This is because individuals internalize these positive expectations and strive to meet them, resulting in a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 2

Employees who _______________ capture a manager's attention more quickly.
A) are superior performers
B) are more respected
C) make forceful requests
D) All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

All the choices listed can capture a manager's attention more quickly. Superior performers stand out due to their exceptional work, those who are more respected often have influence and credibility, and making forceful requests can draw immediate attention to an employee's needs or concerns.

Question 3

Research on "similar to me" perception suggests all of the following except:
A) Knowing oneself makes it easier to see others accurately.
B) One's own characteristics affect the characteristics identified in others.
C) Knowing others makes it easier to identify faults in oneself.
D) Persons who accept themselves are more likely to see favorable aspects of others.

Accepted Answer

Research on "similar to me" perception suggests that knowing oneself makes it easier to see others accurately, one's own characteristics affect the characteristics identified in others, and persons who accept themselves are more likely to see favorable aspects of others. However, it does not suggest that knowing others makes it easier to identify faults in oneself.

Question 4

Perceptual groupings ____ create inaccuracies.
A) always
B) can
C) rarely
D) never

Accepted Answer

Perceptual groupings can create inaccuracies, but it is not a certainty that they always do. There are situations where perceptual grouping helps accurately perceive information, but in other cases, it can lead to errors.

Question 5

When managers allow generalizations about their own prowess,competencies,and preferences based on a current or previous experience influence perceptions they are using a(n)___________ schema
A) person-based
B) experience-based
C) self-based
D) events-based

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes managers allowing their own experiences to influence perceptions about themselves. Therefore, the schema being used is self-based. The other answer choices may also be used in different contexts, but they are not the best fit for this scenario.

Question 6

When managers employ a profile schema of the characteristics of good,poor,and outstanding employees they are using a(n)_________ schema to compare present employees and job candidates.
A) person-based
B) role-based
C) self-based
D) events-based

Accepted Answer

A person-based schema compares the characteristics of employees and job candidates against a set of pre-determined criteria for a particular role. In this case, the managers are using a profile schema to assess their present employees and job candidates, which falls under the person-based category. Role-based schema, on the other hand, would compare the performance of employees against a pre-determined job description or role expectation. Self-based schema involves comparing one's own traits against a standard, while events-based schema focuses on evaluating behaviors and outcomes to predict future performance.

Question 7

Jack is completing Mike's annual performance evaluation.Mike always is in the office first and has the coffee ready for Jack when he comes in.Jack smiles thinking what a great employee Mike is for going to the extra effort and getting in early.With little thought,Jack ranks Mike high on all performance categories.Jack's rankings may have been impacted by the _______ effect.
A) Golem
B) kinesics
C) coffee
D) halo

Accepted Answer

The halo effect is a cognitive bias where an overall positive impression of a person influences subjective evaluations of their specific traits or abilities. In this scenario, Jack's positive impression of Mike's behavior of making coffee may have influenced his rankings of Mike's performance in all categories. This is a common example of the halo effect in the workplace.

Question 8

Carlos is being pressed to complete an assignment on time and in order to accomplish that goal is overlooking certain details and ignoring requests from other managers.This is an example of __________ factors impacting perceptual accuracy.
A) situational
B) kinesics
C) halo
D) Golem

Accepted Answer

Situational factors refer to environmental or contextual factors that can influence perception. In this case, the pressure to complete the assignment on time is a situational factor that is impacting Carlos' perception, causing him to overlook certain details and ignore requests from other managers.

Question 9

Attribution theory attempts to explain the __________ of behavior.
A) who
B) what
C) where
D) why

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory focuses on explaining the why of behavior, specifically how people interpret and understand the causes behind other people's behavior and events in the world around them.

Question 10

Which schema would a manager most likely use when interviewing job applicants?
A) Events-based
B) Self-based
C) Role-based
D) Person-based

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which schema would a manager most likely...

Question 11

A department manager has a job opening that involves lots of travel.He doesn't mention it to the women in the department because he assumes that women don't want to be away from their families.Which schema is the manager applying?
A) Events-based
B) Self-based
C) Role-based
D) Person-based

Accepted Answer

The manager is applying a role-based schema in assuming that women prioritize their role as caregivers and don't want to be away from their families. This stereotype ignores the fact that women may also prioritize their career and be willing to travel for work.

Question 12

Mike discovers in the interview process that he and Rob,although years apart,went to the same school,were the same major and even played the same position on the school's polo team.Mike "knows" that these activities have made him the successful manager he is today and hires Rob on the spot.The hiring of Rob is an example of ___________.
A) Golem error
B) similar-to-me error
C) self-serving bias
D) the halo effect

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the similar-to-me error, which is the tendency to favor and hire people who are similar to oneself in terms of background, interests, and experiences. Mike assumes that because he and Rob share these similarities, Rob will also be a successful manager.

Question 13

Coach Smith is told one of his new players is a slacker and a trouble maker.The coach immediately treats that player in a dismissive manner and the player indeed turns out to be a marginal performer.This example shows the __________ effect.
A) Pygmalion
B) Golem
C) closure
D) projection

Accepted Answer

The description matches the Golem effect, where low expectations or negative labeling result in poor performance or behavior by the person being judged. In this case, the coach's negative perception of the player affected how they treated and interacted with that player, which in turn affected the player's performance. The Pygmalion effect is the opposite - high expectations and positive labeling lead to better performance. Closure is the tendency to fill in gaps or complete incomplete information, and projection is the attribution of one's own thoughts or feelings onto another person. Neither of these concepts applies to the situation described in this question.

Question 14

Joe will not assign employees over 50 to his international project team because as he says,"Old people don't have enough energy to travel around the world overseeing various projects." Joe may be applying a(n)_____________ schema.
A) person-based
B) role-based
C) self-based
D) events-based

Accepted Answer

The answer of Joe will not assign employees over 50...

Question 15

________________ occurs when a person must divide his or her mental efforts among tasks,each of which requires some amount of attention (multitasking).
A) Selective attention
B) Divided attention
C) Attention prioritization
D) Unbalanced attention

Accepted Answer

Divided attention occurs when a person must divide his or her mental efforts among tasks, each of which requires some amount of attention. This is also known as multitasking, where the individual switches back and forth between tasks, giving each some degree of attention.

Question 16

When managers are overly focused on one issue or are busy multitasking,they'll tend to perceive less information and rely more on stereotypes.This may be an example of ______ decreasing the manager's effectiveness.
A) selective attention
B) attention distribution
C) divided attention
D) attention maximization

Accepted Answer

Divided attention refers to the scenario where an individual's focus is split between multiple tasks or stimuli, leading to a potential decrease in the quality of attention given to each task. This can result in relying more on stereotypes or missing important information, thus decreasing effectiveness.

Question 17

The press of time,the attitudes of the people you work with,and other situational factors all influence perceptual _______________.
A) accuracy
B) attitudes
C) reality
D) dissonance

Accepted Answer

Perceptual accuracy can be influenced by external factors such as time pressure and the attitudes of those around us. These factors can affect how we perceive and interpret information, potentially leading to errors in our perception.

Question 18

Coach Smith is told one of his new players is a gifted athlete.The coach immediately focuses on that player and spends additional time helping him develop his skills.As the coach expected,the player turned out to be an excellent addition to the team.This example shows the __________ effect.
A) Pygmalion
B) Golem
C) closure
D) projection

Accepted Answer

The Pygmalion effect, also known as the self-fulfilling prophecy, is the phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance. In this scenario, the coach's belief in the player's athletic abilities led to extra attention and training, resulting in the player reaching their potential and becoming an excellent addition to the team.

Question 19

Bob has to conduct a performance review two days from now.He has written a script of sorts for the session and has been rehearsing its delivery.Which schema is Bob using?
A) Events-based
B) Self-based
C) Role-based
D) Person-based

Accepted Answer

Bob is using an events-based schema because he is preparing for a specific event (the performance review) by scripting and rehearsing how the session will unfold. This type of schema involves expectations and plans for particular situations or events.

Question 20

The behavior of others can be examined on the basis of its distinctiveness,consistency,and _______________.
A) consensus
B) intensity
C) frequency
D) validity

Accepted Answer

The distinctiveness, consistency, and consensus are the three factors used to analyze the behavior of others in attribution theory. Consensus refers to whether other people behave in a similar way in similar situations. Therefore, A is the correct choice. Intensity refers to the strength of the behavior, frequency refers to how often the behavior occurs, and validity is not a factor in attribution theory.

Quiz 4: Perceptions and Attributions

The _______ effect is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy.

Employees who _______________ capture a manager's attention more quickly.

Research on "similar to me" perception suggests all of the following except:

Perceptual groupings ____ create inaccuracies.

When managers allow generalizations about their own prowess,competencies,and preferences based on a current or previous experience influence perceptions they are using a(n) ___________ schema

When managers employ a profile schema of the characteristics of good,poor,and outstanding employees they are using a(n) _________ schema to compare present employees and job candidates.

Carlos is being pressed to complete an assignment on time and in order to accomplish that goal is overlooking certain details and ignoring requests from other managers.This is an example of __________ factors impacting perceptual accuracy.

Attribution theory attempts to explain the __________ of behavior.

Which schema would a manager most likely use when interviewing job applicants?

A department manager has a job opening that involves lots of travel.He doesn't mention it to the women in the department because he assumes that women don't want to be away from their families.Which schema is the manager applying?

Coach Smith is told one of his new players is a slacker and a trouble maker.The coach immediately treats that player in a dismissive manner and the player indeed turns out to be a marginal performer.This example shows the __________ effect.

Joe will not assign employees over 50 to his international project team because as he says,"Old people don't have enough energy to travel around the world overseeing various projects." Joe may be applying a(n) _____________ schema.

________________ occurs when a person must divide his or her mental efforts among tasks,each of which requires some amount of attention (multitasking) .

When managers are overly focused on one issue or are busy multitasking,they'll tend to perceive less information and rely more on stereotypes.This may be an example of ______ decreasing the manager's effectiveness.

The press of time,the attitudes of the people you work with,and other situational factors all influence perceptual _______________.

Coach Smith is told one of his new players is a gifted athlete.The coach immediately focuses on that player and spends additional time helping him develop his skills.As the coach expected,the player turned out to be an excellent addition to the team.This example shows the __________ effect.

Bob has to conduct a performance review two days from now.He has written a script of sorts for the session and has been rehearsing its delivery.Which schema is Bob using?

The behavior of others can be examined on the basis of its distinctiveness,consistency,and _______________.