Question 1

In the context of the stages of moral development:
A) stage 2 deals with obedience and punishment.
B) stage 3 deals with system maintenance.
C) stage 4 deals with social contract.
D) stage 6 deals with universal principles.

Accepted Answer

Stage 6 of Kohlberg's stages of moral development is characterized by the adherence to universal ethical principles that are considered valid for all humanity, beyond any law or social agreement.

Question 2

Which of the following is concerned with recognizing that an issue involves an ethical question,making an ethical judgment,deciding to do the ethical thing,and actually acting ethically?
A) Ethical empowerment
B) Ethics test
C) Ethical audit
D) Ethical decision-making

Accepted Answer

Ethical decision-making involves recognizing that an issue involves an ethical question, making an ethical judgment, deciding to do the ethical thing, and actually acting ethically. Ethical empowerment refers to empowering individuals to make ethical decisions. Ethics test and ethical audit are specific tools for assessing and evaluating ethical behavior and practices.

Question 3

Social accord and system maintenance are a part of the _____ stage of moral development.
A) nonconventional
B) postconventional
C) conventional
D) preconventional

Accepted Answer

Social accord and system maintenance are values that are emphasized in the conventional stage of moral development, which occurs during adolescence and early adulthood. Individuals at this stage of moral development are concerned with meeting the expectations of society and following social norms and rules in order to maintain order and avoid disapproval. They may also view authority figures and the laws of the land as having inherent value and importance.

Question 4

Ryan needs to decide whether to hire an untrained person from a "name" family as his new team member or a more qualified individual.Ryan's situation can be best described as a(n):
A) personality conflict.
B) ethical dilemma.
C) legal conflict.
D) social bias.

Accepted Answer

Ryan's situation presents an ethical dilemma. On one hand, he has the option to hire someone from a "name" family, or someone who may be more qualified. Choosing someone based on their family name rather than their qualifications is not fair to other candidates and could have negative consequences for the company. However, Ryan may feel pressure or obligation to hire the person with the "name" family due to social or personal connections. This kind of situation requires careful consideration of ethical principles like fairness, impartiality, and accountability.

Question 5

Research shows that most managers believe they should act and behave in a way that conforms to the expectations of their peers and organization,while meeting the expectation of society as expressed by law.This belief puts most managers at the _____ level of Kohlberg's moral development theory.
A) postconventional
B) conventional
C) preconventional
D) universal

Accepted Answer

The manager's belief that they should conform to peer and organizational expectations while meeting societal expectations expressed by law is focused on meeting the expectations of the group and conforming to societal norms, which aligns with conventional morality in Kohlberg's theory. This level of morality is characterized by concern for maintaining the social order and living up to the expectations of others.

Question 6

In the context of values:
A) terminal values are the "hows" of goal setting.
B) instrumental values are the "whats."
C) tangible values are the standards of behavior by which we achieve desired ends.
D) intangible values can be defined differently for each person.

Accepted Answer

Intangible values are subjective and can vary for each individual based on their beliefs, experiences, and cultural background. Terminal values refer to the desired end goals, while instrumental values are the means to achieve those goals. Tangible values refer to specific behaviors or actions that are considered important in achieving those goals. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it correctly distinguishes between the types of values and their unique characteristics.

Question 7

Amy sets herself a goal for of losing 10 pounds.In the context of SMART goals,Amy's goal lacks which of the following elements?
A) Specificity
B) Time frame
C) Measurability
D) Realism

Accepted Answer

Amy's goal of losing 10 pounds is specific (what she wants to lose), measurable (the amount of weight), and realistic (assuming 10 pounds is a healthy and achievable amount for her), but it lacks a time frame. Without setting a deadline or specific period in which she wants to achieve this goal, it's not fully aligned with the SMART criteria, which emphasizes the importance of goals being time-bound.

Question 8

According to Milton Rokeach,the desire to achieve career success and wisdom are examples of _____ values.
A) terminal
B) instructive
C) instrumental
D) tangible

Accepted Answer

According to Milton Rokeach, terminal values are the end goals that individuals strive to achieve for their own sake, such as happiness, wisdom, and achievement. In contrast, instrumental values are the means by which individuals achieve their terminal values, such as ambition, hard work, and responsibility. Therefore, the desire to achieve career success and wisdom are examples of terminal values.

Question 9

Striving for performance,limiting the number,and allowing for setbacks are a few strategies for ____.
A) overcoming obstacles
B) writing effective goals
C) clarifying values
D) evaluating key behaviors for effective goal-setting

Accepted Answer

The answer of Striving for performance,limiting the number,and allowing for...

Question 10

In the context of the stages of moral development,at which level do managers encourage cooperation and productive working relationships?
A) Postconventional stage
B) Conventional stage
C) Preconventional stage
D) Universal stage

Accepted Answer

Managers who encourage cooperation and productive working relationships operate at the conventional stage of moral development. At this stage, individuals focus on fulfilling the expectations of others and maintaining the social order. They seek approval from others and follow rules to avoid disapproval or punishment. In the workplace, this translates to promoting teamwork and collaboration to achieve organizational goals and meet expectations of superiors and colleagues.

Question 11

Amanda wants to improve her overall health and wellbeing.Working toward this end she writes down some goal statements.Which of these goal statements should be used by Amanda?
A) "I would like to be in better shape in a month's time"
B) "I would like to lose 10 pounds in a week's time"
C) "I would like to be in a better shape by lower my cholesterol by some points."
D) "I would like to lose 10 pounds in two months,and to do this,I will lower my cholesterol by 20 points and also exercise."

Accepted Answer

Option D is the best choice because it is specific and realistic. It outlines a clear and SMART goal (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) for Amanda to work toward over an adequate timeframe. It includes a weight loss goal, a healthy habit (lowering cholesterol), and an exercise routine, which is a well-rounded approach to improving overall health and well-being. Options A and C are also acceptable choices as they are specific and realistic, but option D is the best because it includes a time frame and a clear plan of action. Option B is not a good choice as it is unrealistic and does not promote healthy habits.

Question 12

In the context of the six stages of moral development and reasoning,each level represents a shift in the _____ perspective of the individual that explains how judgments affect action.
A) cultural-moral
B) social-cultural
C) social-moral
D) psychological-cultural

Accepted Answer

The six stages of moral development and reasoning, according to Lawrence Kohlberg, are divided into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Each level represents a shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual that explains how judgments affect action. The pre-conventional level focuses on obedience and punishment, while the conventional level is concerned with maintaining social order and following rules. The post-conventional level involves individual moral principles and considerations of social justice. Therefore, choice C, social-moral, is the best option.

Question 13

A decision regarding the new employee medical policy has to be made by Alfred,the HR manager at Comway Inc.This decision would affect all employees of the company and therefore they can be called ____.
A) shareholders
B) investors
C) stakeholders
D) third parties

Accepted Answer

The term "stakeholders" refers to anyone who has an interest or stake in the company, including employees. As the decision regarding the new employee medical policy would affect all employees, they are stakeholders in this decision. Shareholders and investors may have a financial interest in the company, but may not necessarily be affected by this particular decision. Third parties are individuals or organizations that are not directly involved with the company or its operations.

Question 14

Which of the following,as identified by Milton Rokeach,is an example of instrumental value?
A) Salvation
B) Prosperity
C) Sense of accomplishment
D) Compassion

Accepted Answer

Instrumental values, according to Milton Rokeach, refer to modes of behavior. Compassion is considered an instrumental value because it is a way of behaving or a method of conduct towards others, rather than an end goal or state of being.

Question 15

In the context of SMART goals A stands for ____.
A) assignable
B) attainable
C) attractive
D) actionable

Accepted Answer

A stands for "attainable" in some variations of SMART goals, but in the most widely accepted version, A stands for "achievable." Both terms essentially mean the same thing - that the goal is realistic and can be accomplished with effort and resources.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of ethical decision making?
A) Ethical decisions are a set of rules.
B) Ethics can present a different perspective dimension or consideration for organizational decision making.
C) Code of ethics ensures that organizational ethical standards are followed.
D) Ethics guide people in making decisions that are completely based on factors that have already been specified.

Accepted Answer

Ethical decision-making involves taking into consideration ethical values and principles when making decisions. Ethics can provide a different perspective or consideration that may affect the decision-making process. While a code of ethics can help to ensure ethical standards are followed, ethical decision-making is not just a set of rules to be followed blindly. Additionally, ethical decision-making involves considering a range of factors and making a decision based on them, rather than simply following pre-specified factors.

Question 17

Jake is faced with a situation where setting goals or making decisions is based largely on judgments and determinations rather than on indisputable facts.This situation can be best described as a(n):
A) legal conflict.
B) ethical dilemma.
C) personality conflict.
D) social bias.

Accepted Answer

An ethical dilemma is a situation where an individual must choose between two or more morally acceptable options, or between two or more morally unacceptable options. Jake's situation involves making decisions based on judgments, which can be influenced by personal values and beliefs, and may not have clear-cut right or wrong answers.

Question 18

Which of the following statements violates the rules of ethical thinking?
A) An action that is legal is ethical.
B) Think objectively.
C) Obey the moral guidelines by which you agree to live.
D) Respect others customs,but not at the expense of your own ethics.

Accepted Answer

Just because an action is legal doesn't mean it's ethical. Laws can be imperfect and may not align with ethical principles. It's important to consider the ethical implications of our actions beyond just whether they are legal or not.

Question 19

At the _____ level of Kohlberg's moral development theory,behaviors are guided by self-interest to obey the rules in order to avoid punishment.
A) postconventional
B) conventional
C) preconventional
D) universal

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory, the preconventional level of moral development is characterized by a focus on self-interest and avoidance of punishment. At this level, the individual follows the rules in order to avoid negative consequences, rather than out of a sense of morality or duty.

Question 20

The main problem with the goal statement "I will sell 15 percent more than usual this week" is that it is not:
A) measurable
B) time bound
C) realistic
D) specific

Accepted Answer

The goal may not be realistic because it doesn't consider whether a 15% increase is achievable based on past performance or current market conditions.

Quiz 3: Establishing Goals Consistent With Your Values and Ethics

In the context of the stages of moral development:

Which of the following is concerned with recognizing that an issue involves an ethical question,making an ethical judgment,deciding to do the ethical thing,and actually acting ethically?

Social accord and system maintenance are a part of the _____ stage of moral development.

Ryan needs to decide whether to hire an untrained person from a "name" family as his new team member or a more qualified individual.Ryan's situation can be best described as a(n) :

Research shows that most managers believe they should act and behave in a way that conforms to the expectations of their peers and organization,while meeting the expectation of society as expressed by law.This belief puts most managers at the _____ level of Kohlberg's moral development theory.

In the context of values:

Amy sets herself a goal for of losing 10 pounds.In the context of SMART goals,Amy's goal lacks which of the following elements?

According to Milton Rokeach,the desire to achieve career success and wisdom are examples of _____ values.

Striving for performance,limiting the number,and allowing for setbacks are a few strategies for ____.

In the context of the stages of moral development,at which level do managers encourage cooperation and productive working relationships?

Amanda wants to improve her overall health and wellbeing.Working toward this end she writes down some goal statements.Which of these goal statements should be used by Amanda?

In the context of the six stages of moral development and reasoning,each level represents a shift in the _____ perspective of the individual that explains how judgments affect action.

A decision regarding the new employee medical policy has to be made by Alfred,the HR manager at Comway Inc.This decision would affect all employees of the company and therefore they can be called ____.

Which of the following,as identified by Milton Rokeach,is an example of instrumental value?

In the context of SMART goals A stands for ____.

Which of the following is true of ethical decision making?

Jake is faced with a situation where setting goals or making decisions is based largely on judgments and determinations rather than on indisputable facts.This situation can be best described as a(n) :

Which of the following statements violates the rules of ethical thinking?

At the _____ level of Kohlberg's moral development theory,behaviors are guided by self-interest to obey the rules in order to avoid punishment.

The main problem with the goal statement "I will sell 15 percent more than usual this week" is that it is not: