Question 1

The intelligence phase of decision making finds or recognizes a problem,need,or opportunity.

Accepted Answer

The intelligence phase involves identifying a problem, need, or opportunity that requires a decision to be made.

Question 2

What type of intelligence is based on the collective behavior of groups of simple agents and how these groups work to solve complex and mutual problems?
A)Group intelligence
B)Social intelligence
C)Swarm intelligence
D)Crowd behavior

Accepted Answer

Swarm intelligence refers to the collective behavior of groups of simple agents and how these groups work to solve complex and mutual problems. It is often used in the context of artificial intelligence and optimization, where algorithms are designed to mimic the behavior of swarms of animals, such as ants or bees, in order to solve complex problems more efficiently.

Question 3

An expert system is also called a knowledge-based system.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Expert systems are also known as knowledge-based systems because they rely on a database of expert knowledge to perform tasks or provide advice in a specific domain.

Question 4

The choice phase of decision making considers ways to solve problems,fill needs,or take advantage of opportunities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The choice phase of decision making considers...

Question 5

An expert system is fundamentally the same as a DSS.

Accepted Answer

While both expert systems and decision support systems (DSS) are computer-based systems designed to assist with decision-making, there are fundamental differences between the two. Expert systems use artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert in a specific domain, whereas a DSS helps human decision-makers analyze data and evaluate options. Expert systems are typically rule-based and focus on providing a single best answer, while DSS are often more flexible and allow for exploration of multiple scenarios and potential outcomes.

Question 6

A decision support system (DSS)is a highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a DSS. It is intended to help with decision making in situations where the problem is unstructured or complex.

Question 7

A recurring decision is one that you make infrequently and you may even have different criteria for determining the best solution each time.

Accepted Answer

A recurring decision is one that you make regularly and consistently with the same criteria for determining the best solution each time.

Question 8

A structured decision involves processing a certain kind of information in a specified way so that you will always get the right answer.No "feel" or intuition is necessary.

Accepted Answer

Structured decisions rely on clear, predefined processes and rules, allowing for consistent outcomes without the need for personal judgment or intuition.

Question 9

The four phases of decision making are linear and once one phase is complete it is not returned to.

Accepted Answer

The four phases of decision making are not necessarily linear and sometimes decision makers may need to return to a previous phase to gather more information or reevaluate alternatives. The phases are typically defined as: 1) identification of the problem or opportunity, 2) generation of alternatives, 3) evaluation of alternatives, and 4) implementation and monitoring of the chosen alternative.

Question 10

Geographic information systems are a type of artificial intelligence.

Accepted Answer

While geographic information systems may use some elements of artificial intelligence, they are not considered a type of AI. GIS is a technology used for capturing, storing, analyzing, and managing spatial or geographic data.

Question 11

Spatial information is any information that can be shown in its original form.

Accepted Answer

Spatial information refers to data that is represented in terms of its location in space, typically in terms of geographic coordinates or some form of geographic or spatial reference. It's not necessarily about showing information in its original form, but rather about its position or area in space.

Question 12

A geographic information system (GIS)is a decision support system designed specifically to work with spatial information.

Accepted Answer

GIS is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents geographical data. It is designed to work with spatial information, which includes data that has a geographical location or is related to a specific place or area. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 13

Expert systems are adaptive systems that work independently,carrying out specific,repetitive,or predicable tasks.

Accepted Answer

Expert systems are not necessarily adaptive systems, as they are designed for specific tasks and do not usually have the ability to learn or change their behavior based on new information. They are designed to provide expert-level knowledge and decision-making in a particular domain.

Question 14

What type of intelligence gives us a way to examine collective systems where groups of individuals have certain goals,solve problems,and make decisions without centralized control or a common plan?
A)Group intelligence
B)Social intelligence
C)Crowd behavior
D)Swarm intelligence

Accepted Answer

Swarm intelligence is the type of intelligence that allows us to study and understand how groups of individuals with specific goals, such as social insects, solve problems and make decisions without a centralized control or a common plan. It is a collective behavior where individual members of the system interact with each other to achieve a common goal.

Question 15

Artificial intelligence (AI)is the science of making humans imitate computer thinking and behavior.

Accepted Answer

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior, not the other way around.

Question 16

An expert system is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

An expert system is designed to emulate the decision-making abilities of a human expert and use a base of knowledge to make decisions. It does this by applying reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion.

Question 17

What is agent-based modeling?
A)Identifying patterns of user's behaviors and buying habits
B)Simulating human organizations using a multi-agent system
C)Observing and analyzing competitor information and the environmental factors influencing their behavior
D)Building algorithms that monitor,and react to,your business partners' service and product needs

Accepted Answer

Agent-based modeling involves creating simulations of human organizations using a multi-agent system, where each agent represents an individual decision-making entity. It is commonly used in social sciences, economics, ecology, and many other fields to study complex systems and emergent phenomena. Option A refers to data analysis techniques, while options C and D describe business intelligence and supply chain management, respectively.

Question 18

Most decisions fall somewhere between structured and nonstructured.

Accepted Answer

Most decisions involve some level of structure or guidance, but also require some level of judgment and creativity. Therefore, they fall between the extremes of completely structured or completely nonstructured decisions.

Question 19

A recurring decision is one that happens repeatedly,and often periodically,whether weekly,monthly,quarterly,or yearly.

Accepted Answer

A recurring decision is one that happens repeatedly, whether weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly.

Question 20

If an expert system recognizes a new pattern it can set up a rule based on it.

Accepted Answer

Expert systems operate based on a predefined set of rules and cannot learn or create new rules on their own from recognizing new patterns; this would require machine learning capabilities.

Quiz 4: Decision Support and Artificial Intelligence