Question 1

Regarding emotional expressions, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Children born blind display basic emotional expressions in the same way as sighted people do.
B)Children born blind often learn emotional expressions from others.
C)The facial expression of sticking out one's tongue is interpreted the same way in every country.
D)Expressing anger in public is universally expected and accepted in all cultures.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children born blind display basic emotional expressions like smiling and crying in the same way as sighted people do, suggesting that these expressions are innate rather than learned through observation.

Option B is incorrect because children born blind may have difficulty learning emotional expressions from others if they cannot observe them visually.

Option C is incorrect because the interpretation of sticking out one's tongue varies across cultures; in some cultures, it may be considered an insult, while in others, it may be a playful gesture.

Option D is incorrect because the expression of anger is not universally accepted or expected in all cultures, and the appropriateness of expressing emotions in public varies across cultures.

Question 2

Regarding facial expressions, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The facial expression of surprise is the most universal and easily recognized emotional expression.
B)Some facial expressions are shaped by learning.
C)Some facial expressions are found only in specific cultures.
D)Children who are born blind display basic expressions in the same way as sighted people do.

Accepted Answer

The facial expression of surprise is not necessarily the most universal or easily recognized; other expressions like happiness or anger are often considered more universally recognized.

Question 3

Psychologist Daniel Langleben theorizes that a liar must inhibit telling the truth in order to lie; therefore, an fMRI brain image of the person's brain would show
A)extra brain areas that have been activated.
B)a decrease of brain activity in the frontal lobes.
C)more right hemisphere activity than left hemisphere activity.
D)a decrease in the activity of the limbic system.

Accepted Answer

Langleben's theory suggests that lying requires additional cognitive effort to inhibit the truth, which would result in extra brain areas being activated, as seen in an fMRI brain image.

Question 4

In a recent study that appears to verify Darwin's view of emotions, people were able to detect _____ faces faster than any other facial expression.
A)happy
B)sad
C)angry
D)neutral

Accepted Answer

The study verifies Darwin's view of emotions because according to him, emotions are evolutionarily adaptive and serve a specific purpose. Anger is an emotion that has evolved to help individuals defend themselves against threats and therefore, it makes sense that people are able to detect angry faces faster than other facial expressions.

Question 5

The most universally recognized facial expression is
A)pursed lips.
B)smiling.
C)sticking out your tongue.
D)raising your eyebrows.

Accepted Answer

Smiling is universally recognized as a sign of happiness, friendliness, and approachability. It is an innate human behavior that transcends cultural and language barriers. Studies have shown that even blind and deaf individuals smile in response to positive emotions, indicating that it is a deeply ingrained expression in human behavior.

Question 6

In the future, airport security may use _____ and _____ when questioning passengers in order to detect stress among those who may be carrying explosive devices.
A)GSR detectors; polygraphs
B)infrared face scans; fMRI brain images
C)fMRI brain images; GSR detectors
D)polygraphs; voice modulation detectors

Accepted Answer

Infrared face scans can detect changes in facial temperature associated with stress, and fMRI brain images can reveal brain activity patterns linked to deception or stress.

Question 7

You are looking at a painting of a person whose eyes, eyebrows, and forehead seem to reveal anger, but the person's mouth is turned downward in a sad frown.Regarding this painting, which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?
A)The person in the painting is exhibiting a facial blend.
B)This is an impossible expression because a real person cannot display more than one emotion on his or her face.
C)The facial expression is really one of anger; and you have just misinterpreted the expression.
D)The facial expression is really one of sadness, and you have just misinterpreted the expression.

Accepted Answer

The description of the painting suggests a facial blend, which is when different parts of the face express different emotions. In this case, the eyes, eyebrows, and forehead suggest anger while the mouth suggests sadness.

Question 8

Pleasantness-unpleasantness, attention-rejection, and activation (arousal) are the three basic dimensions of
A)body posture.
B)voice inflection.
C)facial expressions.
D)gestures.

Accepted Answer

Pleasantness-unpleasantness, attention-rejection, and activation (arousal) are the three basic dimensions of facial expressions. Body posture, voice inflection, and gestures can also convey emotions, but they are not specifically related to these three dimensions.

Question 9

Masks that are meant to be frightening or threatening are strikingly similar around the world.The ability of people from different cultures to "read" the mask's emotional message suggests that basic emotional expressions
A)have universal biological roots.
B)are learned at an early age.
C)are culturally-derived.
D)are neither lasting nor innate.

Accepted Answer

The fact that people from different cultures can understand the emotional message conveyed by frightening or threatening masks implies that basic emotional expressions have universal biological roots, rather than being learned or culturally-derived.

Question 10

The arrangement of the face into a combination of two or more facial expressions is called a(n)
A)emotional tone.
B)facial blend.
C)differentiated expression.
D)mood.

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of the face into a combination of two or more facial expressions is called a facial blend.

Question 11

Charles Darwin and psychologists have stated that emotional expressions
A)were a product of evolution.
B)aid survival because they communicate our feelings to others.
C)can be observed in all species, such as angry tigers, monkeys, dogs, and humans all baring their teeth in the same way when they are angry.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin and modern psychologists have stated that emotional expressions have evolved because they aid in survival by communicating our feelings to others. Emotional expressions can also be observed in many species, such as angry tigers, monkeys, dogs, and humans all baring their teeth in a similar way when they are angry. Therefore, emotional expressions are a product of evolution and aid in survival by communicating our feelings to others.

Question 12

Researchers are certain that the facial expression of ____ is recognized by people of all cultures, but they are not so certain that the facial expression of ____ is universal.
A)interest; fear
B)sadness; contempt
C)contempt; anger
D)surprise; happiness

Accepted Answer

Sadness is widely recognized across cultures, while contempt is less universally recognized.

Question 13

Facial expressions can be reduced to dimensions of pleasantness-unpleasantness, attention-rejection, and
A)rage-joy.
B)excitement.
C)activation.
D)acceptance.

Accepted Answer

The third dimension of facial expressions is arousal or activation, which refers to the level of intensity or energy in the expression. The other dimensions are pleasantness-unpleasantness, which reflects the emotional valence of the expression, and attention-rejection, which reflects the social meaning of the expression. Rage-joy and acceptance are not dimensions commonly used to describe facial expressions. Excitement could be considered a type of arousal, but it is not a distinct dimension in the same way as pleasantness-unpleasantness and attention-rejection.

Question 14

Which of the following emotions are recognized around the world?
A)fear and anger
B)sadness and happiness
C)disgust
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that fear, anger, sadness, and happiness are universally recognized emotions, while disgust is recognized in many cultures but not all.

Question 15

Darwin and psychologist consider human emotional expressions
A)an adaptive means of communicating one's feelings to others.
B)to be learned through classical conditioning.
C)outside of the determining forces of evolution.
D)totally unique and different than the expressions exhibited by other species.

Accepted Answer

Both Darwin and psychologists believe that human emotional expressions serve as an adaptive means of communicating one's feelings to others. Darwin argued that emotions evolved as a way to communicate important information to others in order to ensure survival and reproduction, while psychologists have studied the communicative function of emotions and found that they are useful for conveying information about one's internal state.

Question 16

Regarding facial blends and emotional messages, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
A)Your face can produce some 20,000 different expressions.
B)The face is the most expressive part of the body.
C)By smiling when you give a friend a hard time adds an emotional message of acceptance to the verbal insult, which changes its meaning.
D)All of these are true statements.

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true. A) Research suggests that humans can produce anywhere from 20,000 to 10,000 facial expressions, depending on the study. B) The face contains a high concentration of muscles, making it the most expressive part of the body. C) Smiling while giving a verbal insult can change its meaning by adding an emotional message of acceptance or affection, known as "teasing to please."

Question 17

When traveling outside of one's homeland where a different language is spoken and the cultural values are much different, it is best to ____ in order to communicate happiness to members of different cultures.
A)shrug
B)smile
C)nod
D)maintain eye contact

Accepted Answer

Smiling is a universal nonverbal communication that expresses happiness and friendliness. It is a simple way to show respect and build relationships with members of different cultures. Shaking hands and maintaining eye contact are also important forms of communication, but they may not be universally practiced in all cultures. Nodding and shrugging can have different meanings in different cultures, and may not effectively communicate happiness.

Question 18

Which of the following results would support the conclusion that emotional expression is universal?
A)Sticking out one's tongue in China as a gesture of surprise, not teasing.
B)Children born blind show the same emotional expressions as sighted children.
C)Facial expressions of basic emotions are different from those listed by Plutchik as primary.
D)All of these would support the conclusion that emotional expressions are universal.

Accepted Answer

This result provides evidence that emotional expression is not culturally learned, but rather innate or biological. If children born blind exhibit the same emotional expressions as sighted children, then it suggests that these expressions are not learned through observation or socialization, but rather reflect universal biological responses to emotions. The other options do not provide clear evidence for universal emotional expression. A suggests that there may be cultural differences in how emotions are expressed through gestures, while C suggests that there may be disagreement over what constitutes "basic" emotions.

Question 19

Regarding the techniques that may be used in airport security to detect lies, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
A)When a person lies, extra brain areas have to be activated and these can be seen in fMRI brain images.
B)Infrared face scans are at least as accurate as polygraphs at detecting lying.
C)Many of the new techniques will look directly at brain activity rather than measuring indirect signs of emotional arousal.
D)All of these statements are true.

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true. fMRI brain images can detect extra brain areas activated when lying. Infrared face scans have been shown to be as accurate as polygraphs. Many new techniques being developed aim to directly measure brain activity rather than measuring indirect signs of emotional arousal.

Question 20

In a recent study, people were able to detect _____ faces faster than other expressions, presumably because we are especially sensitive to _____.
A)happy; positive emotions
B)sad; distress in others
C)angry and scheming; threats of possible harm
D)neutral; ambiguity

Accepted Answer

The study found that people were able to detect angry and scheming faces faster than other expressions, presumably because we are especially sensitive to threats of possible harm. This is likely a mechanism that evolved to help us quickly identify potential dangers in our environment.

Quiz 10: Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Regarding emotional expressions, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Regarding facial expressions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Psychologist Daniel Langleben theorizes that a liar must inhibit telling the truth in order to lie; therefore, an fMRI brain image of the person's brain would show

In a recent study that appears to verify Darwin's view of emotions, people were able to detect _____ faces faster than any other facial expression.

The most universally recognized facial expression is

In the future, airport security may use _ and _ when questioning passengers in order to detect stress among those who may be carrying explosive devices.

You are looking at a painting of a person whose eyes, eyebrows, and forehead seem to reveal anger, but the person's mouth is turned downward in a sad frown.Regarding this painting, which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?

Pleasantness-unpleasantness, attention-rejection, and activation (arousal) are the three basic dimensions of

Masks that are meant to be frightening or threatening are strikingly similar around the world.The ability of people from different cultures to "read" the mask's emotional message suggests that basic emotional expressions

The arrangement of the face into a combination of two or more facial expressions is called a(n)

Charles Darwin and psychologists have stated that emotional expressions

Researchers are certain that the facial expression of is recognized by people of all cultures, but they are not so certain that the facial expression of is universal.

Facial expressions can be reduced to dimensions of pleasantness-unpleasantness, attention-rejection, and

Which of the following emotions are recognized around the world?

Darwin and psychologist consider human emotional expressions

Regarding facial blends and emotional messages, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

When traveling outside of one's homeland where a different language is spoken and the cultural values are much different, it is best to ____ in order to communicate happiness to members of different cultures.

Which of the following results would support the conclusion that emotional expression is universal?

Regarding the techniques that may be used in airport security to detect lies, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

In a recent study, people were able to detect _ faces faster than other expressions, presumably because we are especially sensitive to _.