Question 1

The APA professional code stresses
A)the psychologist must control the patient.
B)the client must comply with the psychologist's advice.
C)the psychologist must have high levels of competence and integrity.
D)none of these.

Accepted Answer

The APA professional code emphasizes the importance of psychologists having high levels of competence and integrity in their professional practice. It does not advocate for psychologists to control their patients or for clients to comply with their advice without question.

Question 2

Basic research is best described as research done
A)to find solutions to specific problems.
B)to seek knowledge for its own sake.
C)to improve students' abilities in reading and math.
D)with lower animals to avoid ethical issues.

Accepted Answer

Basic research is primarily focused on seeking new knowledge for its own sake, rather than finding solutions to specific problems or addressing practical applications. It is often driven by curiosity, and aims to expand understanding in a particular field without a specific end-goal in mind. While applied research may be conducted with the intention of solving practical problems, basic research is more about advancing fundamental knowledge in a particular area.

Question 3

Those who label themselves as "applied researchers" do all of the following EXCEPT
A)seek information for which practical uses are planned.
B)conduct research to find solutions to specific problems.
C)gain information that can be readily used in everyday situations.
D)seek knowledge for its own sake.

Accepted Answer

Applied researchers seek knowledge with the goal of solving specific problems or practical applications, not for the sake of gaining knowledge alone. Therefore, option D is the exception as it contradicts the purpose of applied research.

Question 4

About _____ percent of all psychologists are employed full-time at colleges and universities, where they teach, do research, consult, or conduct therapy.
A)10
B)20
C)30
D)50

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, approximately 30% of all psychologists are employed full-time at colleges and universities.

Question 5

To be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship exists, it is necessary to
A)engage in naturalistic observation.
B)develop a positive correlation.
C)perform a controlled experiment.
D)conduct a survey.

Accepted Answer

Controlled experiments involve manipulating one variable and observing the effect on another variable while controlling for extraneous variables. This allows us to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the manipulated variable and the observed effect. Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, and surveys do not provide the level of control necessary to establish causation.

Question 6

Emil is a sports psychologist who is finding ways to improve the performance of the athletes who are his clients.Research conducted by Emil would be considered _____ research.
A)applied
B)basic
C)psychodynamic
D)comparative

Accepted Answer

Emil's research is focused on finding practical solutions to improve the performance of athletes, which falls under applied research. Basic research, on the other hand, is more focused on expanding our theoretical understanding of a particular phenomenon, while psychodynamic and comparative research refer to specific theoretical frameworks or methods.

Question 7

Regarding specialties in psychology, clinical and counseling psychologists comprise about what proportion of all American psychologists?
A)25%
B)37%
C)58%
D)75%

Accepted Answer

Clinical and counseling psychologists make up about 58% of all American psychologists, as they are the largest specialties within the field.

Question 8

A(n) _____ is a formal trial undertaken to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis about the causes of behavior.
A)case study
B)survey
C)correlational study
D)experiment

Accepted Answer

An experiment is a formal trial where the researcher manipulates an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable. The purpose of an experiment is to test a hypothesis and determine causation, making it the best choice for this question. A case study is an in-depth examination of an individual or group, a survey collects self-reported data from participants, and a correlational study examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them.

Question 9

To perform a(n) _____, you must create two groups, vary a condition, and record whether varying the condition had any effect on behavior.
A)naturalistic observation
B)correlational study
C)comparative case study
D)experiment

Accepted Answer

The description provided fits the definition of an experiment, where a researcher manipulates a condition (independent variable) and records the effect on behavior (dependent variable) by using at least two groups, one with the condition being manipulated and the other as a control group. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in its natural setting without manipulation, correlational studies examine the relationship between two variables without manipulation, and comparative case studies involve comparing multiple cases to find patterns or differences.

Question 10

Which of the following involves basic research?
A)designing an easily read display screen for space capsules
B)determining the optimal rate for presenting information to a computer keyboard
C)measuring the average storage capacity of the human short-term memory system
D)measuring the average rate of dark adaptation to set night flying rules for pilots

Accepted Answer

Measuring the average storage capacity of the human short-term memory system is a question related to fundamental research about a basic scientific principle, rather than applied research for specific practical purposes like designing an easily read display screen or determining the optimal rate for presenting information to a computer keyboard. The measure of the average rate of dark adaptation to set night flying rules for pilots is also more of an applied research objective.

Question 11

You have discovered a new vitamin that you believe will improve memory in the elderly.Your best bet for accurately testing the effectiveness of the vitamin would be to use
A)naturalistic observation.
B)the experimental method.
C)case histories.
D)the survey method.

Accepted Answer

The experimental method would be the best option for testing the effectiveness of the vitamin as it involves manipulating an independent variable (the administration of the vitamin) and then measuring its effect on a dependent variable (memory). This method allows for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships and would provide the most accurate results. Naturalistic observation and case histories would not provide enough control over other variables that may affect memory, and the survey method would only gather subjective opinions and not objective data on memory improvement.

Question 12

The people whose behavior is investigated
A)are called the experimental subjects.
B)are called the participants.
C)make up the experimental and control groups.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Accepted Answer

The people whose behavior is investigated can be referred to as experimental subjects, participants, and they can be part of experimental and control groups, thus all options characterize them.

Question 13

Presently, the American Psychological Association consists of at least _____ different divisions, each reflecting special skills or areas of interest.
A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association (APA) currently has over 50 different divisions, each representing different areas of psychology and special interests.

Question 14

Those who label themselves as "basic researchers"
A)seek information for which immediate uses are planned.
B)probably are involved in directly counseling patients in a clinic.
C)are applying psychological skills in a job situation.
D)seek knowledge for its own sake.

Accepted Answer

Basic researchers seek knowledge for its own sake and do not have immediate applications or practical uses in mind.

Question 15

If you want to determine whether there is a casual relationship between using the SQ4R study method and final grades in a psychology course, you should use a(n) _____ method.
A)natural observation
B)experimental
C)survey
D)correlational

Accepted Answer

An experimental method is used to determine causal relationships by manipulating an independent variable (using the SQ4R study method) and observing its effect on a dependent variable (final grades).

Question 16

Experiments are used in psychology because they
A)are more realistic than naturalistic observation.
B)are free of any source of bias.
C)help identify cause-and-effect relationships.
D)are the first step in any scientific investigation.

Accepted Answer

Experiments are used to identify cause-and-effect relationships between variables by manipulating one variable (independent variable) and observing its effect on another variable (dependent variable). This allows researchers to draw conclusions about whether changes in the independent variable caused changes in the dependent variable, and thus establish causality.

Question 17

One of the advantages of the experimental method is that
A)clear cause-and-effect relationships can be identified.
B)it allows information about large numbers of people to be gathered.
C)it allows the investigation of rare or unusual problems or events.
D)all types of behavior are easily studied in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

The experimental method allows researchers to manipulate independent variables to observe the effects on dependent variables, thus establishing clear cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 18

Santarrio is conducting research to determine the colors, shapes, and sounds that newborns prefer.Santarrio's research would be considered _____ research.
A)applied
B)basic
C)archetypal
D)comparative

Accepted Answer

Basic research aims to answer fundamental questions and expand knowledge about a particular topic. In this case, Santarrio is conducting research to determine a fundamental understanding of what colors, shapes, and sounds newborns prefer, which would classify it as basic research. Applied research, on the other hand, seeks to solve specific practical problems, while comparative research compares two or more groups on a particular variable. "Archetypal" is not a recognized category of research.

Question 19

Juanita is conducting research to find which light and sound intensity levels are best used in helping to calm drug-addicted newborns.Her research would be considered _____ research.
A)applied
B)basic
C)psychodynamic
D)comparative

Accepted Answer

Applied research is focused on solving practical problems and improving real-world situations, which is exactly what Juanita is doing by researching how to best help drug-addicted newborns. Basic research, on the other hand, is focused on expanding knowledge and understanding without necessarily having immediate practical application. Psychodynamic research is focused on exploring unconscious thoughts and feelings, which is not relevant to Juanita's research. Comparative research is focused on comparing different groups or variables, which may be a part of Juanita's research design but does not describe the overall nature of her research.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a step in a psychological experiment?
A)varying a condition you believe might affect behavior
B)creating two similar groups of subjects
C)administering the same condition to both groups
D)recording whether the condition has any effect on behavior

Accepted Answer

Administering the same condition to both groups is not a step in a psychological experiment because typically, one group receives the experimental condition while the other group serves as a control and does not receive the experimental condition.

Quiz 1: Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

The APA professional code stresses

Basic research is best described as research done

Those who label themselves as "applied researchers" do all of the following EXCEPT

About _____ percent of all psychologists are employed full-time at colleges and universities, where they teach, do research, consult, or conduct therapy.

To be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship exists, it is necessary to

Emil is a sports psychologist who is finding ways to improve the performance of the athletes who are his clients.Research conducted by Emil would be considered _____ research.

Regarding specialties in psychology, clinical and counseling psychologists comprise about what proportion of all American psychologists?

A(n) _____ is a formal trial undertaken to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis about the causes of behavior.

To perform a(n) _____, you must create two groups, vary a condition, and record whether varying the condition had any effect on behavior.

Which of the following involves basic research?

You have discovered a new vitamin that you believe will improve memory in the elderly.Your best bet for accurately testing the effectiveness of the vitamin would be to use

The people whose behavior is investigated

Presently, the American Psychological Association consists of at least _____ different divisions, each reflecting special skills or areas of interest.

Those who label themselves as "basic researchers"

If you want to determine whether there is a casual relationship between using the SQ4R study method and final grades in a psychology course, you should use a(n) _____ method.

Experiments are used in psychology because they

One of the advantages of the experimental method is that

Santarrio is conducting research to determine the colors, shapes, and sounds that newborns prefer.Santarrio's research would be considered _____ research.

Juanita is conducting research to find which light and sound intensity levels are best used in helping to calm drug-addicted newborns.Her research would be considered _____ research.

Which of the following is NOT a step in a psychological experiment?