Question 1

A researcher conducted an in-depth examination of the life of Adolf Hitler and concluded that there are three possible reasons that explain why he killed so many Jews.This research approach is an example of a _____.
A) field experiment
B) psychobiography
C) systematic biography
D) naturalistic observation study

Accepted Answer

This research approach is an example of psychobiography, which involves conducting a psychological analysis of a particular individual's life. It typically combines information gathered through primary sources (such as personal letters or diaries) and secondary sources (such as historical records or biographies) to examine the subject's personality, behavior, and motivations. In this case, the researcher is trying to understand what psychological factors may have contributed to Hitler's actions. Field experiments involve manipulating variables in a natural setting to observe their effects, systematic biography typically involves a thorough examination of a person's life without a specific focus on their psychological traits or motivations, and naturalistic observation studies involve observing behavior in its natural setting without manipulating any variables.

Question 2

Nailah and Salama examined award-winning films of the past 20 years to determine if their stories had a common theme.What type of archival research approach have they most likely used?
A) Mass communication records
B) Survey archives
C) Systematic observations
D) Self-reports

Accepted Answer

Nailah and Salama most likely used the archival research approach of examining mass communication records, such as film awards and critical reviews, to identify common themes in award-winning films.

Question 3

Julie,a researcher,analyzed data from the National Science Foundation's (NSF)General Social Survey to examine the relationship between education and job satisfaction.This research approach may be best categorized as _____.
A) naturalistic observation
B) systematic observation
C) survey archive
D) content analysis

Accepted Answer

The fact that the researcher analyzed data from a pre-existing survey archive indicates that this research approach is a survey archive.

Question 4

Which of the following is an accurate statement about case studies?
A) Case studies are not useful for examining rare or unusual events.
B) Case studies are not useful in providing descriptions of individuals.
C) Case studies do not overlap with naturalistic observation.
D) Case studies do not necessarily involve naturalistic observation.

Accepted Answer

Case studies do not necessarily involve naturalistic observation, as they can also include interviews, surveys, and other forms of data collection. Option A is incorrect because case studies are often used to examine rare or unusual events. Option B is incorrect because case studies are often used to provide detailed descriptions of individuals. Option C is incorrect because case studies can overlap with naturalistic observation, but it is not a requirement.

Question 5

To determine if more building permits are issued in the northern part of a city than in its southern part,Chang examines the number of building permits issued in both parts of the city over the last five years.Which of the following archival research approaches is being used by Chang?
A) Case studies
B) Field experiments
C) Survey archives
D) Statistical records

Accepted Answer

Statistical records involve examining numerical data or records, which is what Chang is doing by looking at the number of building permits issued in each part of the city over the last five years. This approach allows for a quantitative analysis of the data and can provide insights into patterns or trends over time.

Question 6

Dr.Gong has developed a coding system for aggressive behaviors displayed in comic books.She had her assistants read comic books published between 1980 and 1984 and record the number of aggressive acts displayed in each comic.She also had her assistants read comic books published between 1985 and 1989 and record the number of aggressive acts displayed in them.This approach to studying aggressive behavior may best be categorized as _____.
A) a survey research
B) naturalistic observation
C) a cohort study
D) content analysis

Accepted Answer

The approach of developing a coding system and analyzing the content of comic books to study aggressive behavior is best categorized as content analysis. This method involves systematically analyzing and interpreting the content of various forms of media to draw conclusions about societal attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.

Question 7

Salma studies historical data published by the United States Census Bureau to determine if there has been an increase in the population of African Americans over the last decade.This study is an example of a(n)_____.
A) naturalistic observation
B) psychobiography
C) field experiment
D) archival research

Accepted Answer

Salma's study involves using already published historical data, which falls under the category of archival research. This type of research involves analyzing existing records or data sets to answer research questions.

Question 8

In the context of archival research,_____ are documents such as diaries and letters that have been preserved by historical societies.
A) survey archives
B) statistical records
C) written records
D) verbal statements

Accepted Answer

Written records refer specifically to documents that have been preserved and archived, such as diaries and letters kept by individuals or historical societies. Survey archives and statistical records typically refer to other types of data collection and analysis, while verbal statements are not written down and therefore would not be considered written records.

Question 9

Content analysis and systematic observation are similar because both _____.
A) require researchers to devise coding systems
B) depend on qualitative data
C) are forms of laboratory experiments
D) require concealed participation

Accepted Answer

Both content analysis and systematic observation require researchers to develop coding systems to classify and analyze data. They both involve qualitative data, but systematic observation can also incorporate quantitative measurements. Neither technique requires concealed participation, as the researcher is typically openly observing or analyzing pre-existing data.

Question 10

Survey archives are beneficial because they:
A) are useful for examining rare or unusual events.
B) allow researchers to save time and money in collecting data.
C) help in examining specific behaviors of an individual.
D) help researchers to explain the life of an individual.

Accepted Answer

Survey archives allow researchers to save time and money in collecting data as they provide a pre-existing pool of data that can be analyzed. While they may also be useful for examining specific behaviors or rare events, these are not the primary benefits of survey archives. Similarly, survey archives may provide information that can be used to explain the life of an individual, but this is not their main purpose or benefit.

Question 11

The systematic analysis of existing documents is known as _____.
A) quantitative research
B) transactional analysis
C) content analysis
D) case study

Accepted Answer

Content analysis is the systematic analysis of existing documents to extract meaningful data and insights. Quantitative research involves collecting numerical data through methods such as surveys, while transactional analysis is a psychological theory and method for personal growth and change. Case study is a research method that involves in-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or situation. Therefore, the best choice for the systematic analysis of existing documents is content analysis.

Question 12

A researcher wants to understand if people's age and their religious affiliations are related to political conservatism.To do so,he analyzes data available from the Inter University Consortium for Political and Social Research.In this case,which type of research approach is employed by the researcher?
A) A case study
B) A field experiment
C) A survey archive
D) A participant observation

Accepted Answer

The researcher is analyzing data from a survey archive (Inter University Consortium for Political and Social Research) to investigate the relationship between age, religious affiliation, and political conservatism. This is a quantitative research approach that uses existing data to answer research questions.

Question 13

A _____ is a type of case study in which a researcher applies psychological theory to explain the life of an individual.
A) psychopathology
B) systematic biography
C) psychobiography
D) statistical case study

Accepted Answer

A psychobiography is a type of case study in which a researcher applies psychological theory to explain the life of an individual. Psychopathology refers to the study of mental disorders, while a systematic biography does not necessarily involve the application of psychological theory. A statistical case study emphasizes numerical data and analysis rather than psychological theory.

Question 14

A researcher wants to test the assertion that in comparison to female politicians,male politicians in the 20^th century were involved in more number of fraud cases.Which will be the most suitable observation method in this scenario? A) Archival research B) Survey C) Naturalistic observation D) Field experiment

Accepted Answer

Archival research would be the most suitable observation method as it involves analyzing existing records and data such as court records, news articles, and historical documents to gather information about past events or behaviors. This method would allow the researcher to examine the number of fraud cases involving male and female politicians in the 20th century and make a comparison. This method is also non-intrusive and does not require the researcher to manipulate any variables or engage with participants.

Question 15

In a cross-cultural study on the topic of mortality,Vladimir examined anthropologists' descriptions of different cultural beliefs regarding life after death.Which archival approach has he most likely employed?
A) Statistical records
B) Survey reports
C) Written records
D) Self-reports

Accepted Answer

Vladimir employed a archival approach by examining anthropologists' descriptions of cultural beliefs regarding life after death which are likely to be found in written records. Statistical records (A) refer to numerical data, survey reports (B) involve collecting data through questionnaires or interviews, and self-reports (D) involve individuals reporting on their own beliefs or experiences. None of these methods involve examining anthropologists' descriptions in written records.

Question 16

Dr.Michael examines messages displayed on Internet bulletin boards in order to study whether males and females differ in the way they describe themselves when interacting with others.What type of archival research data is Dr.Michael using?
A) Statistical records
B) Survey archives
C) Written records
D) Video observation

Accepted Answer

Dr. Michael is examining messages displayed on Internet bulletin boards, which are written records.

Question 17

Harvey examines baseball records to determine whether National League teams who play the final game of the World Series at home lose more often than American League teams.Which of the following archival research approaches is Harvey using in this scenario?
A) Survey archives
B) Statistical records
C) Self-report
D) Anthropological data

Accepted Answer

Harvey is examining statistical records in order to answer his research question. He is analyzing baseball records to look for patterns and trends, rather than using surveys or self-report measures. Anthropological data would not be relevant to this question.

Question 18

A researcher studies letters to the editor of a magazine to assess community attitudes.The research method used in this scenario can be regarded as _____.
A) statistical records
B) survey archives
C) written records
D) case studies

Accepted Answer

The researcher is analyzing written records in the form of letters to the editor, making C the most appropriate choice. A would be more applicable if the researcher was looking at numerical data, B if they were analyzing previously conducted surveys, and D if they were investigating a specific individual or group in depth.

Question 19

The research approach in which the researcher does not actually collect original data but analyzes already existing data is called _____.
A) a psychobiography
B) a field experiment
C) archival research
D) statistical reporting

Accepted Answer

Archival research involves analyzing already existing data such as historical documents, government records, or previously collected research data. It does not involve collecting original data. The other choices (psychobiography, field experiment, statistical reporting) involve some form of original data collection.

Question 20

Case studies are most useful for studying:
A) rare or unusual events.
B) large populations.
C) ambiguous questions.
D) cognitive variables.

Accepted Answer

Case studies are useful for studying rare or unusual events as they allow for in-depth exploration and analysis of a specific case or individual, which may provide valuable insights and understanding that cannot be obtained through other research methods.

Quiz 6: Observational Methods

A researcher conducted an in-depth examination of the life of Adolf Hitler and concluded that there are three possible reasons that explain why he killed so many Jews.This research approach is an example of a _____.

Nailah and Salama examined award-winning films of the past 20 years to determine if their stories had a common theme.What type of archival research approach have they most likely used?

Julie,a researcher,analyzed data from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) General Social Survey to examine the relationship between education and job satisfaction.This research approach may be best categorized as _____.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about case studies?

To determine if more building permits are issued in the northern part of a city than in its southern part,Chang examines the number of building permits issued in both parts of the city over the last five years.Which of the following archival research approaches is being used by Chang?

Salma studies historical data published by the United States Census Bureau to determine if there has been an increase in the population of African Americans over the last decade.This study is an example of a(n) _____.

In the context of archival research,_____ are documents such as diaries and letters that have been preserved by historical societies.

Content analysis and systematic observation are similar because both _____.

Survey archives are beneficial because they:

The systematic analysis of existing documents is known as _____.

A _____ is a type of case study in which a researcher applies psychological theory to explain the life of an individual.

A researcher wants to test the assertion that in comparison to female politicians,male politicians in the 20^th century were involved in more number of fraud cases.Which will be the most suitable observation method in this scenario?

In a cross-cultural study on the topic of mortality,Vladimir examined anthropologists' descriptions of different cultural beliefs regarding life after death.Which archival approach has he most likely employed?

Dr.Michael examines messages displayed on Internet bulletin boards in order to study whether males and females differ in the way they describe themselves when interacting with others.What type of archival research data is Dr.Michael using?

Harvey examines baseball records to determine whether National League teams who play the final game of the World Series at home lose more often than American League teams.Which of the following archival research approaches is Harvey using in this scenario?

A researcher studies letters to the editor of a magazine to assess community attitudes.The research method used in this scenario can be regarded as _____.

The research approach in which the researcher does not actually collect original data but analyzes already existing data is called _____.

Case studies are most useful for studying: