Question 1

You have designed an experiment manipulating room temperature (cold,warm,or hot);noise level (quiet or loud);and room colour (pink,blue,or black).How many main effects are possible?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 8

Accepted Answer

Main effects are the individual effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable. In this experiment, there are three independent variables: room temperature, noise level, and room color. Therefore, there are three main effects possible.

Question 2

You have designed an experiment manipulating weight of an individual (normal,over);age (young,middle,old);and gender (male,female).How many interactions are possible?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 18

Accepted Answer

There are three main factors being manipulated in this experiment (weight, age, gender), so there are three main effects to consider. If we consider each main effect separately, we can see that each main effect can interact with each of the other two main effects. Therefore, there are a total of four possible two-way interactions: 
1) Weight x Age 
2) Weight x Gender 
3) Age x Gender 
4) Weight x Age x Gender 
So the answer is C) 4.

Question 3

In a 2 x 3 factorial design,there are _____ main effect(s)and _____ interaction effect(s)possible.
A) 2;2
B) 2;1
C) 1;1
D) 1;2

Accepted Answer

In a 2 x 3 factorial design, there are two main effects (one for each factor) and one interaction effect (the interaction between the two factors).

Question 4

You have designed an experiment manipulating age of an applicant (young,middle,old);gender (male,female);and type of job applied for (blue collar,white collar).What type of design does this experiment represent?
A) 3 x 2
B) 3 x 2 x 3
C) 3 x 2 x 2
D) 2 x 2 x 2

Accepted Answer

This experiment represents a factorial design with three independent variables (age, gender, and job type), each with multiple levels. The levels for age are young, middle, and old. The levels for gender are male and female. The levels for job type are blue collar and white collar. The design is 3 x 2 x 2 because there are three independent variables, with 2 levels for each of the last two variables, resulting in 12 experimental conditions.

Question 5

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low,medium,high)and room temperature (cold,warm,hot)on test performance,how many main effects are possible?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 9

Accepted Answer

There are two main effects possible: one for room illumination and one for room temperature.

Question 6

A researcher examines the physical attractiveness of a driver involved in an automobile accident (unattractive,average,or attractive)and the severity of damage caused ($500,$1500,or $2500)on judgments of responsibility assigned to the driver.Which of the following represents the design?
A) 2 x 2
B) 2 x 3
C) 3 x 3
D) 1 x 3

Accepted Answer

The design is 3 x 3 because there are two variables: physical attractiveness with three levels (unattractive, average, attractive) and severity of damage with three levels ($500, $1500, $2500).

Question 7

In a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design using a fully repeated measures design with 10 participants per group,what is the number of participants?
A) 80
B) 40
C) 10
D) 160

Accepted Answer

In a fully repeated measures design, each participant is exposed to all levels of each factor. Therefore, despite the 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design, you only need 10 participants in total, as each one of them will go through all conditions.

Question 8

A study involves a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial design.How many independent variables are being studied?
A) 24
B) 9
C) 4
D) 3

Accepted Answer

The study involves three independent variables: one variable with three levels, another variable with four levels, and a third variable with two levels. Therefore, the answer is 3.

Question 9

In a 4 x 3 factorial design,for a completely repeated measures design,how many participants will you need to have 20 participants per condition?
A) 70
B) 40
C) 10
D) 20

Accepted Answer

In a completely repeated measures design, each participant experiences all conditions. Therefore, you only need 20 participants total to have 20 participants per condition.

Question 10

A researcher is interested in variables that may affect an individual's driving ability.He has people drive a course in wet,dry,or icy conditions.In addition,he has them drive a vehicle with or without power steering,and with an automatic or a manual transmission.This design is an example of a ______ factorial.
A) 2 x 2
B) 3 x 2
C) 3 x 2 x 2
D) 2 x 2 x 2

Accepted Answer

The design involves three independent variables: road conditions (wet, dry, icy), steering type (with or without power steering), and transmission type (automatic or manual). This results in a 3 (road conditions) x 2 (steering type) x 2 (transmission type) factorial design.

Question 11

A researcher manipulates a defendant's appearance (attractive,average,or unattractive)and gender (male or female)to study how these variables affect judgments of criminal behaviour.How many interactions are possible in this design?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 6

Accepted Answer

In a factorial design, an interaction occurs when the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable. Here, there are two independent variables: appearance (3 levels) and gender (2 levels). The possible interaction is between appearance and gender, which is 1 interaction.

Question 12

A researcher studies the effect of interpersonal distance (near,far)and personality type (introvert,extrovert)on feelings of anxiety.The researcher has used a(n)________ design.
A) IV x PV factorial
B) repeated measures
C) 2 x 3 factorial
D) mixed factorial

Accepted Answer

The design is an IV x PV factorial because it involves an independent variable (interpersonal distance) and a participant variable (personality type).

Question 13

A marketing company wants to determine which cola beverage is most preferred by consumers.A group of participants tastes Cola A and then rates the taste.The group then tastes Cola B and rates the taste for this cola.A second group of participants follows the same procedure.However,they first taste Cola B and then Cola A.This is an example of what type of design?
A) 2 x 2 independent groups
B) 2 x 2 repeated measures
C) 2 x 2 mixed factorial
D) IV x PV

Accepted Answer

The answer of A marketing company wants to determine which...

Question 14

An investigator wants to test the effectiveness of visualization on sports performance.She randomly assigns participants to two groups.Participants in the visualization group imagine themselves swinging a golf club perfectly for 20 minutes prior to a session on the driving range.Participants in the control group read Golf magazine for 20 minutes prior to a session on the driving range.All participants do this procedure each day for five days.The dependent measure,the average flight distance of the ball,is calculated for each participant after each session.This is an example of a(n)________ design.
A) two-group pretest-posttest
B) 2 x 5 mixed factorial
C) 2 x 5 independent groups factorial
D) IV x PV factorial

Accepted Answer

This is a 2 x 5 mixed factorial design because there are two groups (visualization and control) and measurements are taken at five different times (each day for five days), combining between-subjects (group) and within-subjects (time) factors.

Question 15

A researcher is interested in variables that may affect an individual's driving ability.He has people drive a course in wet,dry,or icy conditions.In addition,he has them drive a vehicle with or without power steering,and with an automatic or a manual transmission.In this design,there are ______ possible main effects and ______ possible interactions.
A) 2;2
B) 3;4
C) 3;12
D) 2;3

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is interested in variables that...

Question 16

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low,medium,high)and room temperature (cold,warm,hot)on test performance,how many interactions are possible?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 9

Accepted Answer

There is only one interaction possible between the two factors (room illumination and room temperature) in this study design. An interaction effect examines how the level of one independent variable affects the outcome based on the levels of another independent variable.

Question 17

In a 2 x 4 x 3 factorial design using a fully independent groups design with 10 participants per group,what is the number of participants?
A) 30
B) 90
C) 20
D) 240

Accepted Answer

In a 2 x 4 x 3 factorial design, there are 2*4*3 = 24 different groups. With 10 participants per group, the total number of participants is 24*10 = 240.

Question 18

You design an experiment that manipulates the following variables: temperature (low or high);illumination level (low or high);and time of testing (day or night).For a completely repeated measures design,how many participants will you need to have 10 participants per condition?
A) 20
B) 150
C) 10
D) 100

Accepted Answer

With a completely repeated measures design, each participant experiences all of the conditions, which means we only need 10 participants to have 10 participants per condition (i.e., 2 conditions x 2 levels x 10 participants = 40 total participants needed). Therefore, option C, 10 participants is the correct answer. Option A and D are incorrect because they are too high, and Option B is incorrect because it suggests an independent groups design rather than a repeated measures design.

Question 19

In an experiment that manipulates temperature of a room (warm or cold);difficulty of material (easy,difficult);and amount of material (low,moderate,high),which of the following statements applies to the design of this study?
A) 2 x 2
B) 2 x 3
C) 2 x 2 x 3
D) 3 x 3

Accepted Answer

The study involves three independent variables, temperature (warm or cold), difficulty of material (easy or difficult) and amount of material (low, moderate, high). Therefore, the design of the study is 2 x 2 x 3.

Question 20

A study that uses both manipulated and measured variables in a factorial design is called a(n)_____ design.
A) mixed repeated measures and independent groups
B) IV x PV
C) 2 x 2
D) multiple correlation

Accepted Answer

A design that uses both manipulated and measured variables in a factorial design is typically referred to as an IV x PV design. This type of design consists of at least one independent variable (IV) and one measured variable, or participant variable (PV). The IVs are manipulated by the researcher and the effects on the DVs are measured, while the PVs are typically characteristics of the participants that are measured but not manipulated. The other choices listed (mixed repeated measures and independent groups, 2 x 2, and multiple correlation) do not specifically refer to a design that uses both manipulated and measured variables in a factorial design.

Quiz 10: Complex Experimental Designs

You have designed an experiment manipulating room temperature (cold,warm,or hot) ;noise level (quiet or loud) ;and room colour (pink,blue,or black) .How many main effects are possible?

You have designed an experiment manipulating weight of an individual (normal,over) ;age (young,middle,old) ;and gender (male,female) .How many interactions are possible?

In a 2 x 3 factorial design,there are _ main effect(s) and _ interaction effect(s) possible.

You have designed an experiment manipulating age of an applicant (young,middle,old) ;gender (male,female) ;and type of job applied for (blue collar,white collar) .What type of design does this experiment represent?

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low,medium,high) and room temperature (cold,warm,hot) on test performance,how many main effects are possible?

A researcher examines the physical attractiveness of a driver involved in an automobile accident (unattractive,average,or attractive) and the severity of damage caused ($500,$1500,or $2500) on judgments of responsibility assigned to the driver.Which of the following represents the design?

In a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design using a fully repeated measures design with 10 participants per group,what is the number of participants?

A study involves a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial design.How many independent variables are being studied?

In a 4 x 3 factorial design,for a completely repeated measures design,how many participants will you need to have 20 participants per condition?

A researcher manipulates a defendant's appearance (attractive,average,or unattractive) and gender (male or female) to study how these variables affect judgments of criminal behaviour.How many interactions are possible in this design?

A researcher studies the effect of interpersonal distance (near,far) and personality type (introvert,extrovert) on feelings of anxiety.The researcher has used a(n) ________ design.

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low,medium,high) and room temperature (cold,warm,hot) on test performance,how many interactions are possible?

In a 2 x 4 x 3 factorial design using a fully independent groups design with 10 participants per group,what is the number of participants?

You design an experiment that manipulates the following variables: temperature (low or high) ;illumination level (low or high) ;and time of testing (day or night) .For a completely repeated measures design,how many participants will you need to have 10 participants per condition?

In an experiment that manipulates temperature of a room (warm or cold) ;difficulty of material (easy,difficult) ;and amount of material (low,moderate,high) ,which of the following statements applies to the design of this study?

A study that uses both manipulated and measured variables in a factorial design is called a(n) _____ design.