Question 1

Jon is 73 years old.He still runs 15 miles a week and spends 30 hours a week working as a computer software consultant.Your text would describe Jon as being
A) self-actualized.
B) old old.
C) young old.
D) a delayed middle adult.

Accepted Answer

According to the developmental stage theory, Jon falls under the category of the young old. This is because he continues to engage in physical activities and work actively, which are characteristics associated with middle adulthood. However, his age of 73 years also puts him in the older age group. Therefore, Jon's lifestyle and activities are more reflective of the young old stage.

Question 2

According to gerontologists,individuals who are counted among the "oldest old" are at least _______________ years old.
A) 75
B) 65
C) 85
D) 95

Accepted Answer

The term "oldest old" typically refers to individuals who are 85 years of age or older. While some sources may define the category as starting at age 75 or 80, the most widely accepted definition is 85 and above. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 3

Aging that results from disease,abuse,and disuse is called ______________ aging.
A) programmed
B) tertiary
C) primary
D) secondary

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging refers to aging that results from external factors such as disease, abuse (such as substance abuse), and disuse (such as lack of exercise). Primary aging, on the other hand, refers to the natural aging process that occurs over time. Programmed aging is a hypothetical concept that suggests aging is genetically predetermined. Tertiary aging is not a commonly used term in the field of aging.

Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be classified under (ADLS)activities of daily living?
A) Eating
B) Dressing
C) Bathing
D) Shopping

Accepted Answer

Shopping is not typically considered an activity of daily living. ADLS typically refer to basic self-care tasks such as eating, dressing, grooming, bathing, and using the toilet.

Question 5

The traditional age for entering into late adulthood is
A) 60.
B) 65.
C) 70.
D) 75.

Accepted Answer

The traditional age for entering into late adulthood is 65. This has been established by social security and medicare systems in the United States, which offer benefits to individuals starting at age 65. However, it is important to note that the onset of late adulthood can vary depending on individual factors such as health and lifestyle.

Question 6

Health and longevity are closely linked to
A) education and socioeconomic status.
B) evolution.
C) increased genetic counseling.
D) smaller family size.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that higher education and socioeconomic status are linked to better health and longer lifespan. People with higher education and income have more access to healthcare, healthier food, and better living conditions. They are also more likely to engage in healthy behaviors and have lower levels of stress.

Question 7

Although she is 76 years old,Jeanne lives by herself,teaches at the local college,and plays bridge every Tuesday night with her friends.Jeanne's functional age is
A) 76 years old.
B) at least 85-88 years old.
C) probably around 63 years old.
D) somewhere in the mid-20s.

Accepted Answer

Jeanne's functional age is different from her chronological age of 76 because she is able to engage in activities such as teaching and socializing with friends. Her ability to do this suggests that her physical and cognitive abilities are likely younger than her chronological age. Therefore, her functional age is probably around 63 years old. Option B of at least 85-88 years old is not plausible given the information provided. Option D of somewhere in the mid-20s is also not plausible given Jeanne's age and life experiences. Option A of 76 years old is her chronological age, but does not reflect her functional age.

Question 8

The branch of medicine concerned with the aged and the aging process is
A) geriatrics.
B) gerontology.
C) elderology.
D) None of these; there is as yet no branch of medicine specifically concerned with aging.

Accepted Answer

The field of medicine which deals with the health and care of older adults is geriatrics. Gerontology is the study of aging as a social, cultural, psychological, and biological process, but it's not a medical field. Elderology is not a recognized field of study or practice.

Question 9

Gloria eats right,exercises,and lives a healthy lifestyle.Gloria's behavior will primarily affect
A) primary aging.
B) secondary aging.
C) tertiary aging.
D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

Gloria's behavior will primarily affect secondary aging, which refers to the changes that occur as a result of lifestyle factors such as exercise, diet, and other health behaviors. Choosing A or C would be incorrect as these refer to natural biological aging processes and the effects of disease or injury on aging, respectively. Choosing D is incorrect as Gloria's behavior would not have an equal impact on all aspects of aging.

Question 10

Social scientists who study the aged and the aging process are called
A) elderologists.
B) geriatricians.
C) gerontologists.
D) social workers.

Accepted Answer

Gerontologists are social scientists who study the aged and the aging process. Elderologists is not a recognized term in the field, geriatricians are medical doctors who specialize in the care of older adults, and social workers may work with older adults but do not necessarily specialize in the study of aging.

Question 11

Which kind of aging is most strongly influenced by diet and exercise?
A) Secondary aging
B) Primary aging
C) Process aging
D) Programmed aging

Accepted Answer

Secondary aging is most strongly influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise, unlike primary aging which is the natural and inevitable process of bodily changes over time.

Question 12

Factors that are considered controllable predictors of longevity are all of the following EXCEPT
A) higher education.
B) alcohol use.
C) marital stability.
D) genetic traits.

Accepted Answer

Genetic traits are not controllable predictors of longevity. The other factors mentioned in the options can be modified or controlled, such as obtaining a higher education, reducing alcohol use, and maintaining marital stability.

Question 13

An important difference between primary and secondary aging is that primary aging is
A) unavoidable.
B) more apparent.
C) unnoticeable until later in life.
D) caused by stress.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural, inevitable biological processes that occur as we age, such as changes in vision and hearing, loss of muscle mass, and decreased cognitive functioning. These processes cannot be avoided, as they are part of the natural aging process. Secondary aging, on the other hand, refers to aging that is influenced by external factors such as lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and diseases.

Question 14

The fastest-growing segment of the U.S.population is people
A) under age 10.
B) between ages 10 and 20.
C) between ages 65 and 75.
D) age 85 and older.

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population is people aged 85 and older. This is due to advances in healthcare and medicine, allowing people to live longer than ever before.

Question 15

As life expectancy increases,mortality rates
A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) stay the same.
D) None of these; life expectancy is not related to mortality rates.

Accepted Answer

Mortality rates refer to the number of deaths in a population. As life expectancy increases, fewer people are dying at younger ages, thus mortality rates decrease.

Question 16

Ageism is
A) prejudice or discrimination, usually against young people.
B) prejudice or discrimination, usually against older people.
C) negated by studies showing that older adults are more competent than younger adults.
D) especially prevalent in Japan.

Accepted Answer

Ageism is prejudice or discrimination against older people. It is not specific to young people or related to Japan, and while there may be studies showing the competence of older adults, that does not negate the existence of ageism.

Question 17

Suppose you overhear someone say "I hate visiting my grandparents in that retirement community they live in.Being around all those old people gives me the creeps!" This person is expressing
A) foreclosure.
B) ageism.
C) discrimination.
D) preoperational thinking.

Accepted Answer

The person is exhibiting ageism, or prejudice against a particular age group. They are expressing dislike and fear of being around older people simply because of their age.

Question 18

According to functional age classifications,the "young old" are
A) people between ages 60 and 70.
B) a minority of older people.
C) middle-aged people who are frail or infirm and see themselves as old.
D) elderly people who are vital, vigorous, and active.

Accepted Answer

The "young old" refers to elderly people who are vital, vigorous, and active, distinguishing them from older age groups who may experience more significant health and functional declines.

Question 19

Social class,cohesion of the childhood family,ancestral longevity,and childhood temperament are all considered to be predictors of physical and mental health and longevity that are
A) controllable predictors.
B) uncontrollable predictors.
C) secondary predictors.
D) primary predictors.

Accepted Answer

These predictors are uncontrollable as individuals have no control over their social class, childhood family cohesion, ancestral longevity, and childhood temperament.

Question 20

Lillian was born in 2010.We can expect her to live about
A) 59 years.
B) 65 years.
C) 71 years.
D) 79 years.

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy has been increasing in many parts of the world due to improvements in healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. As of the early 21st century, a life expectancy of around 79 years is a reasonable estimate for many countries, especially those with advanced healthcare systems. This makes option D the most accurate estimate for someone born in 2010, assuming they have access to such healthcare and living conditions.

Quiz 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Jon is 73 years old.He still runs 15 miles a week and spends 30 hours a week working as a computer software consultant.Your text would describe Jon as being

According to gerontologists,individuals who are counted among the "oldest old" are at least _______________ years old.

Aging that results from disease,abuse,and disuse is called ______________ aging.

Which of the following would NOT be classified under (ADLS) activities of daily living?

The traditional age for entering into late adulthood is

Health and longevity are closely linked to

Although she is 76 years old,Jeanne lives by herself,teaches at the local college,and plays bridge every Tuesday night with her friends.Jeanne's functional age is

The branch of medicine concerned with the aged and the aging process is

Gloria eats right,exercises,and lives a healthy lifestyle.Gloria's behavior will primarily affect

Social scientists who study the aged and the aging process are called

Which kind of aging is most strongly influenced by diet and exercise?

Factors that are considered controllable predictors of longevity are all of the following EXCEPT

An important difference between primary and secondary aging is that primary aging is

The fastest-growing segment of the U.S.population is people

As life expectancy increases,mortality rates

Ageism is

Suppose you overhear someone say "I hate visiting my grandparents in that retirement community they live in.Being around all those old people gives me the creeps!" This person is expressing

According to functional age classifications,the "young old" are

Social class,cohesion of the childhood family,ancestral longevity,and childhood temperament are all considered to be predictors of physical and mental health and longevity that are

Lillian was born in 2010.We can expect her to live about