Question 1

Rogers used psychological tests to assess his clients' personalities.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, did not rely on psychological tests to assess his clients' personalities. Instead, he emphasized a non-directive, empathetic approach that focused on the individual's subjective experience.

Question 2

Rogers opposed assessment techniques such as free association,dream analysis,and case histories.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that these techniques were subjective and did not provide accurate insight into the client's experiences and emotions. Instead, he emphasized the importance of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and active listening in therapy.

Question 3

In Rogers's therapy,clients are judged based on their bad choices and are forced to admit their guilt.

Accepted Answer

Rogers's therapy operates under the belief that individuals are inherently good and should not be judged or blamed for their actions. Instead, the therapist helps the client to understand their feelings and behaviors in a non-judgmental way, promoting self-awareness and self-acceptance rather than guilt or shame.

Question 4

Describe how Rogers's philosophy of life developed during his trip to China.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how Rogers's philosophy of life developed...

Question 5

One of the criticisms of Rogers's work was that:
A) training in his methods required a medical degree and a lengthy period of specialization.
B) he ignored those factors of which the clients were not consciously aware but which could influence behavior.
C) he did not verify the accuracy of his reports.
D) his data did not rely on objective observation and were not gathered in a controlled and systematic fashion.

Accepted Answer

Rogers's client-centered therapy was criticized for focusing too much on conscious self-perceptions and not considering unconscious influences on behavior.

Question 6

Researchers have concluded that the greater the incongruence between perceived self and ideal self,the higher the anxiety,insecurity,self-doubt,depression,social incompetence,and other psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true according to research findings. When an individual perceives a significant difference between their perceived self (who they believe they are) and their ideal self (the person they want to be), it often leads to negative emotions and psychological symptoms such as anxiety, insecurity, self-doubt, depression, and social incompetence.

Question 7

The Q sort is a way of empirically defining a client's self-image.

Accepted Answer

The Q sort is a method used in psychology and other social sciences to study and classify people's personalities, attitudes, and opinions. It involves collecting and analyzing data through the use of self-reported ratings. The Q method aims to identify and categorize individual differences based on a client's subjective self-image.

Question 8

Rogers described fully functioning persons as happy,blissful,or contented at all times.

Accepted Answer

Rogers did not describe fully functioning persons as happy, blissful, or contented at all times. He believed that they experienced a range of emotions and were able to fully process their experiences, even those that were difficult or uncomfortable.

Question 9

Rogers developed a group technique in which people could learn more about themselves and how they related to one another.This was called family systems therapy.

Accepted Answer

Rogers did not develop family systems therapy. This approach was developed by Murray Bowen, Salvador Minuchin, and other researchers in the field of family therapy. Rogers is known for developing person-centered therapy, also known as client-centered therapy.

Question 10

Rogers believed that person-centered interviews,which rely on clients' self-reports,were of greater value than experimental methods.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that the most valuable source of information about a person's subjective experience was the person themselves through person-centered interviews, rather than experimental methods which may not capture the full complexity of a person's experience.

Question 11

Using the technique of guided imagery,Rogers explored a client's feelings and attitudes toward the self and toward other people.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers is known for developing the person-centered approach, not for using guided imagery to explore a client's feelings and attitudes. Guided imagery is a different technique that may be used in various therapeutic contexts, but it is not specifically associated with Rogers' work.

Question 12

Rogers's personality theory has received wide recognition,particularly for its emphasis on _____.
A) childhood experiences
B) libido
C) the self-concept
D) the supernatural

Accepted Answer

Rogers's personality theory is known for emphasizing the importance of the self-concept, which is the set of beliefs and attitudes that a person has about themselves. Rogers believed that self-concept was a crucial factor in shaping a person's personality and behavior.

Question 13

In the business world,Rogers's psychotherapy:
A) received criticism particularly for its emphasis on the self-concept.
B) was of less use than the traditional means of therapy.
C) has been used as a training method for managers.
D) is less influential than his personality theory.

Accepted Answer

Rogers's psychotherapy has been used as a training method for managers, as it emphasizes the importance of empathy and understanding in interpersonal relationships, which are valuable skills in business settings. While Rogers's emphasis on the self-concept may have received some criticism, his psychotherapy approach remains influential and useful in various fields, including business. Additionally, while his personality theory may be well-regarded, it is not directly applicable to the business world in the same way that his psychotherapy approach is.

Question 14

Identify an application of Rogers's psychotherapy.
A) Enhancing the self-image
B) Dethroning the persona
C) Recognizing the anima archetype
D) All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Rogers's psychotherapy is known for its emphasis on enhancing the self-image and self-esteem of the client. This is achieved through creating a supportive and non-judgmental therapeutic environment, active listening, and empathy.

Question 15

Positive self-regard evolves from a developmental sequence of conditions of worth.

Accepted Answer

Positive self-regard is not developed through conditions of worth, but rather through unconditional positive regard and self-acceptance. The concept of conditions of worth comes from Carl Rogers' theory of personality and refers to the conditions that a person believes must be met in order to receive love and acceptance from others. These conditions can lead to a reliance on external validation and a lack of genuine self-esteem.

Question 16

Rogers defined positive self-regard as a condition where positive regard comes more from within ourselves than from other people.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement about Carl Rogers' definition of positive self-regard. Rogers believed that positive self-regard meant valuing ourselves and our experiences, rather than relying on external validation from others.

Question 17

Rogers believed that the experiences that are incongruent or incompatible with our self-concept become threatening and are manifested as anxiety.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Rogers' concept of incongruence suggests that when our experiences and actions do not align with our self-concept, it can lead to anxiety and a psychological tension.

Question 18

In Rogers's view,an individual cannot be a fully functioning human being as long as he or she is guided heavily by the opinions of others.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that individuals need to become self-directed and autonomous in order to become fully functioning. This includes being able to trust their own feelings, experiences, and opinions rather than relying heavily on the opinions of others.

Question 19

Rogers's person-centered psychotherapy was deprecated in the United States at the end of World War II due to the unfavorable social circumstances and its need for a medical degree and a lengthy period of specialization.

Accepted Answer

Rogers's person-centered psychotherapy was not deprecated in the United States at the end of World War II. In fact, it gained significant popularity and became a leading approach in psychotherapy. It does not require a medical degree and a lengthy period of specialization, making it accessible to a wider range of practitioners.

Question 20

Studies have suggested that positive self-regard may not be as prevalent in collectivist cultures,such as in Japan,as it is in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures tend to prioritize the group over the individual, and therefore may not place as much emphasis on individual positive self-regard. Studies have shown that Japanese individuals, for example, may focus more on relational harmony and social connectedness rather than individual achievement or self-promotion, which can impact their levels of self-esteem and self-worth.

Quiz 10: Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory