Question 1

Sandy is a vibrant preschooler who loves to dress herself, play with her stuffed animals, and help mommy bake. According to Erikson, these types of activities are assisting Sandy to develop which of the following characteristics?
A) a sense of independence
B) a sense of confidence
C) a sense of purpose
D) a sense of helpfulness

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, preschoolers are in the "initiative vs. guilt" stage, where they develop a sense of purpose through initiating activities and asserting control over their environment.

Question 2

Jeffrey is a 3-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviours. According to Wellman (1992), what is Jeffrey developing?
A) a theory of mind
B) a temperament
C) motor skills
D) a sense of interrelatedness

Accepted Answer

Jeffrey is developing a theory of mind, which involves understanding that people have thoughts, feelings, intentions, and beliefs that influence their behavior. This is a crucial cognitive milestone in early childhood development.

Question 3

How common is it for preschoolers to have imaginary friends?
A) Almost all have imaginary friends.
B) Most have imaginary friends.
C) Some have imaginary friends.
D) Almost none of them have imaginary friends.

Accepted Answer

According to studies, around two-thirds of preschoolers have imaginary friends, which would be considered "most" of them.

Question 4

If Donna is a normal 3-year-old, what will her definition of herself largely consist of?
A) her beliefs
B) her feelings
C) her family
D) her possessions

Accepted Answer

At the age of 3, children often define themselves by their possessions and physical attributes, as they are still developing a sense of self beyond tangible items.

Question 5

Ben's parents would like him to be more cooperative with other children. Which strategy is most likely to be helpful to them?
A) Show Ben the bad things that will happen if he is not cooperative.
B) Be around to help Ben work out conflicts.
C) Have Ben practise being cooperative with children who are not cooperative.
D) Leave Ben alone and hope he develops cooperative behaviour on his own.

Accepted Answer

Being around to help Ben work out conflicts allows Ben's parents to model cooperative behaviour and offer guidance and support as he learns to cooperate with others. This approach is more effective than simply showing Ben the negative consequences of not cooperating or forcing him to practise with uncooperative children. Leaving Ben alone to develop cooperative behaviour on his own is also unlikely to be successful.

Question 6

At what approximate age do children become self-aware?
A) 8-12 months
B) 13-18 months
C) 20-28 months
D) 29-36 months

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that self-awareness typically emerges around 20-28 months of age. Around this time, children begin to recognize themselves in the mirror and may use personal pronouns such as "me" and "mine."

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of unhealthy play?
A) Tina is colouring pages in a colouring book.
B) Casey is playing with his action figures and talking to himself.
C) Murphy is watching his brother play a video game.
D) Paul is experimenting with his chemistry set.

Accepted Answer

Watching someone else play a video game does not promote physical activity or creativity, and can lead to a sedentary lifestyle.

Question 8

Because Shirley has a very compromising, supportive style of play, which of the following play choices will she make?
A) She will be very influential with boys.
B) She will try to dominate other girls.
C) She will choose to play with other girls.
D) She acts more similarly to boys than to other girls.

Accepted Answer

Shirley's compromising and supportive style of play suggests that she would be more likely to choose to play with other girls rather than dominate them or act similarly to boys. Playing with other girls allows for greater social connection and cooperation, which aligns with Shirley's supportive style.

Question 9

Samantha has reached the age at which she only wants to spend time with her female girlfriends, doing artwork or talking about Justin Bieber. Approximately how old is Samantha?
A) 6-7 years
B) 8-9 years
C) 10-11 years
D) 12-13 years

Accepted Answer

By age 10-11, children begin to form same-sex friendships and express strong preferences for spending time with friends of the same gender. They also begin to develop interests and hobbies that they are passionate about, such as art or music, which they may want to share with their friends. Justin Bieber is also a popular topic of conversation among preteens, further indicating that Samantha is likely in the 10-11 age range.

Question 10

Joan and Mike are observing assertive make-believe behaviour in children at different daycare centres. When they observe 50 incidents of assertive make-believe behaviour, they can go to the department party. Joan is observing Korean children; Mike is observing Canadian children. Who will arrive at the party first?
A) Joan
B) Mike
C) Fran and Mike will arrive at the party at the same time.
D) Neither Fran nor Mike will arrive at the party, because children do not engage in assertive make-believe behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Cultural studies suggest that Canadian children may engage in assertive make-believe behavior more frequently than Korean children, so Mike is likely to reach the 50 incidents first.

Question 11

Rita and Karen are working on separate puzzles. When Rita tries to help Karen put together her puzzle, Karen gets angry and throws her puzzle pieces at Rita. If Rita's response is like that of most children, what will she most likely do?
A) continue to try to help Karen
B) focus on completing her own puzzle
C) try to help someone else with a puzzle
D) develop resistant attachment

Accepted Answer

Most children will focus on completing their own tasks when faced with a situation like this. They may be upset or briefly try to reason with the other child, but ultimately will return to their own interests.

Question 12

Which sort of solitary play would most likely be unhealthy?
A) watching other children play without joining them
B) sitting in a room, building an imaginary city out of blocks
C) drawing and colouring
D) completing a series of puzzles in a puzzle book

Accepted Answer

Watching other children play without joining them may lead to feelings of exclusion and loneliness, which can be harmful to a child's mental health.

Question 13

Which of the following would least likely be found in a description of "boys' play?"
A) exaggeration
B) cooperation
C) roughness
D) intimidation

Accepted Answer

Cooperation is less likely to be emphasized in traditional stereotypes of "boys' play," which often highlight competition, roughness, and dominance rather than collaborative or cooperative play behaviors.

Question 14

Which of the following statements provides an example of a child learning to regulate his/her emotions?
A) "I hate you, Sally!"
B) "This is MY truck, and you can't play with it!"
C) "I know the lightening storm will soon be over, and I'm safe at Gramma's house."
D) "Gary is my best friend ever!"

Accepted Answer

This statement shows the child recognizing their emotions and using a calming strategy, such as reminding themselves that they are safe, to regulate their feelings.

Question 15

What has research shown to be useful in preventing child abuse?
A) jail time and censure of abusive parents
B) early childhood intervention programs
C) encouragement of parents to use more physical punishment
D) removal of the father from the lives of the children

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that early childhood intervention programs can be effective in preventing child abuse by providing parenting support, education on child development, and resources for families in need. Jail time and censure of abusive parents may provide a consequence but do not necessarily prevent future abuse. Encouragement of physical punishment has been shown to increase the likelihood of abuse. Removing the father from the children's lives may not always be the appropriate solution and could also have negative consequences.

Question 16

Which of the following is more likely in a person who has been abused as a child?
A) divorce
B) attempting suicide
C) being an authoritative parent
D) being indulgent-permissive

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that individuals who suffered abuse or neglect during childhood are at a higher risk for attempting suicide. While divorce and parenting style may be affected by childhood abuse, it is not as consistently linked as attempted suicide.

Question 17

At about the age of 4, children begin to realize that a person's actions are often connected to the thoughts that he or she has. What kind of studies are often used to determine when children grasp this concept?
A) intersensory redundancy studies
B) synaptic pruning studies
C) dynamic systems theory studies
D) false-belief studies

Accepted Answer

False-belief studies are often used to determine when children grasp the concept that a person's actions are connected to their thoughts. These studies involve presenting a scenario where a character has a false belief about a situation and then testing whether the child can anticipate the character's actions based on their incorrect belief. This ability is typically not present in children until around age 4 or 5. The other options (A, B, and C) are not directly related to this concept.

Question 18

Young Jim actually experiences the sadness of his friend Abdul when Abdul's dog runs away. What is Jim exhibiting?
A) empathy
B) altruism
C) cooperative behaviour
D) resistant attachment

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. In this scenario, Jim is experiencing Abdul's sadness and is able to share in his emotions, which demonstrates empathy.

Question 19

Omero is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend. How does Omero compare to his peers without imaginary friends?
A) He is more emotionally disturbed.
B) He is more sociable.
C) He has fewer friends.
D) He is less intelligent.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that having an imaginary friend is a common and normal childhood behavior. In fact, children with imaginary friends tend to have better social skills and creativity, and are generally not more emotionally disturbed or less intelligent than their peers without imaginary friends.

Question 20

Peter has a condition in which he seems to be more interested in his blocks than in playing with his sister, Josie. And although Peter is older than Josie, he has not mastered basic language skills. What condition does Peter have?
A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) asperger's syndrome
C) autism
D) Down syndrome

Accepted Answer

Peter exhibits characteristics commonly associated with autism, including an intense focus on objects such as his blocks and delayed language development. ADHD and Asperger's may also cause difficulties with social interactions and communication, but they do not necessarily involve a preoccupation with objects. Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability and certain physical features, but not necessarily by social and communication difficulties.

Quiz 6: Interacting and the Work of Play

Sandy is a vibrant preschooler who loves to dress herself, play with her stuffed animals, and help mommy bake. According to Erikson, these types of activities are assisting Sandy to develop which of the following characteristics?

Jeffrey is a 3-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviours. According to Wellman (1992) , what is Jeffrey developing?

How common is it for preschoolers to have imaginary friends?

If Donna is a normal 3-year-old, what will her definition of herself largely consist of?

Ben's parents would like him to be more cooperative with other children. Which strategy is most likely to be helpful to them?

At what approximate age do children become self-aware?

Which of the following is an example of unhealthy play?

Because Shirley has a very compromising, supportive style of play, which of the following play choices will she make?

Samantha has reached the age at which she only wants to spend time with her female girlfriends, doing artwork or talking about Justin Bieber. Approximately how old is Samantha?

Rita and Karen are working on separate puzzles. When Rita tries to help Karen put together her puzzle, Karen gets angry and throws her puzzle pieces at Rita. If Rita's response is like that of most children, what will she most likely do?

Which sort of solitary play would most likely be unhealthy?

Which of the following would least likely be found in a description of "boys' play?"

Which of the following statements provides an example of a child learning to regulate his/her emotions?

What has research shown to be useful in preventing child abuse?

Which of the following is more likely in a person who has been abused as a child?

At about the age of 4, children begin to realize that a person's actions are often connected to the thoughts that he or she has. What kind of studies are often used to determine when children grasp this concept?

Young Jim actually experiences the sadness of his friend Abdul when Abdul's dog runs away. What is Jim exhibiting?

Omero is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend. How does Omero compare to his peers without imaginary friends?

Peter has a condition in which he seems to be more interested in his blocks than in playing with his sister, Josie. And although Peter is older than Josie, he has not mastered basic language skills. What condition does Peter have?