Question 1

Describe how a therapist who is using discrete trial training to enhance verbal production might prompt a child to ask a question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how a therapist who is using...

Question 2

Which of the following best describes differences in brain functioning between children with reading problems and children with typical reading?
A) When reading, children with reading problems show greater left hemisphere activation in Broca's and Wernicke's area than typically developing readers do.
B) When reading, children with reading problems show greater right hemisphere activation than typically developing readers do.
C) When reading, children with reading problems who receive instruction in phonics show more bilateral activation than typically developing readers.
D) When reading, children with reading problems who receive instruction in phonics show less bilateral activation than typically developing readers.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children with reading problems show greater right hemisphere activation than typically developing readers when reading. This is believed to be due to compensatory neural mechanisms as a result of difficulties in left hemisphere language processing areas.

Question 3

Supplemental,small-group instruction in an academic domain in which a child has exhibited low performance in curriculum-based assessment would be considered ______.
A) Tier I
B) Tier II
C) Tier III
D) Tier IV

Accepted Answer

Supplemental, small-group instruction in an academic domain in which a child has exhibited low performance in curriculum-based assessment is considered Tier II in a Response to Intervention (RTI) framework. This tier provides targeted interventions to students who have not shown adequate progress after receiving Tier I instruction. Tier III provides even more intensive interventions for students who continue to struggle, while Tier IV usually involves referrals for special education evaluations.

Question 4

Which of the following is one benefit of comprehensive assessment in determining the existence of learning disabilities?
A) It doesn't involve norm-referenced tests, which may be culturally biased.
B) It can better rule out alternative reasons for lack of response to intervention.
C) It doesn't involve multiple tiers, so treatment can begin more quickly.
D) It is more cost-effective because substantially fewer children are referred for treatment under this approach.

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive assessment allows for a more thorough evaluation of a student's strengths and weaknesses, as well as ruling out other potential reasons for a student's struggles. This helps ensure that students who are truly in need of intervention receive appropriate support, rather than being misidentified or overlooked.

Question 5

White children are most likely to be classified with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children of color, particularly Black and Native American students, are disproportionately identified as having learning disabilities compared to white students. It is important to recognize and address this issue of racial bias and discrimination in the identification and support of students with learning disabilities.

Question 6

Self-instruction involves a series of hints instead of a formal series of steps or a script.

Accepted Answer

Self-instruction typically involves a person guiding themselves through a task using a series of structured steps or a script, rather than just hints. This method is designed to help individuals learn how to approach and solve problems independently.

Question 7

Most children with speech sound disorder have phonological processing problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most children with speech sound disorder have...

Question 8

It is recommended that kids with social (pragmatic)communication disorder avoid conversations with others until they develop the skills necessary to engage in the conversations more productively.

Accepted Answer

It is important for kids with social (pragmatic) communication disorder to practice their communication skills in order to improve them. Avoiding conversations altogether would not help them develop these important skills. Instead, they may need support and guidance in order to engage in conversations more effectively.

Question 9

According to a comprehensive assessment approach,a child must show a cognitive processing problem to be determined to have a learning disability; documentation of a deficit in an academic skill is not sufficient.

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive assessment for learning disabilities looks at various factors, including academic skills, cognitive processing, and other relevant areas. A deficit in academic skills can be a significant indicator of a learning disability, and a cognitive processing problem is not required for a diagnosis.

Question 10

Based on the double-deficit model,if you knew that a child could read words accurately but her reading was slow and laborious,what other deficit might you expect?
A) poor reading comprehension
B) deficits in phonological processing
C) deficits in phonetic mediation
D) poor narratives

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the double-deficit model,if you knew...

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities in different ethnic groups?
A) Those of African descent are most commonly classified with learning disabilities in the majority of countries that have been studied so far.
B) Those of European descent are most commonly classified with learning disabilities in the majority of countries that have been studied so far.
C) Low SES is almost entirely responsible for the differences in the prevalence of learning disabilities across ethnicities in the United States.
D) A higher rate of learning disability appears in African American, Latino, and American Indian children even when controlling for SES.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 12

As with other disorders,childhood-onset fluency disorder is diagnosed only when the extent of the problems exceeds what would be expected based on the child's age and gender.

Accepted Answer

Childhood-onset fluency disorder is a disorder where a child has difficulty speaking fluently. It is only diagnosed if the severity of the disorder is greater than what is expected based on the child's age and gender.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities?
A) The rate of learning disabilities is approximately 10% of children in U.S. schools.
B) The percentage of children with learning disabilities has increased steadily over the last 10 years.
C) The percentage likely overestimates the actual number of children with learning disabilities because some children who don't meet criteria seek access to services.
D) The percentage of parents who report that their child has a learning disability is higher than the number of children classified as having learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 14

The ability to sound out novel words is called ______.
A) letter recognition
B) phonemic awareness
C) phonemic mediation
D) phonemic segmentation

Accepted Answer

Phonemic mediation is the process involved in sounding out words, especially new or unfamiliar ones, by using knowledge of phonemes (the smallest units of sound in a language) to decode their pronunciation. This skill is crucial for reading and spelling development.

Question 15

One benefit of the response to intervention approach to defining a learning disability is that only children who fail to respond to lower level interventions are referred for more intensive (and costly)special education services.

Accepted Answer

The response to intervention approach allows for early intervention and only refers students for special education services if they do not respond to lower level interventions, thus saving costs and ensuring that students receive appropriate support.

Question 16

Mary's toddler says,"pea-tut butter" for "peanut butter" and makes other similar errors.Should the toddler be diagnosed with speech sound disorder? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary's toddler says,"pea-tut butter" for "peanut butter"...

Question 17

Reading comprehension problems might be related to all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A) slow processing speed
B) poor verbal working memory
C) poor attention
D) underactive right hemisphere

Accepted Answer

While slow processing speed, poor verbal working memory, and poor attention have all been shown to contribute to reading comprehension difficulties, there is no evidence to suggest that an underactive right hemisphere is a factor.

Question 18

You know that your friend suffered a traumatic brain injury.You write her a card,and when she reads it,you notice her sounding out even the most simple words (such as the )within it.Given this,which section of the brain do you think the traumatic brain injury most likely affected?
A) the left back part.
B) the right back part.
C) the left front part.
D) the right front part.

Accepted Answer

The left back part of the brain is responsible for understanding and producing language, which includes reading. Damage to this area, such as the Wernicke's area, can lead to difficulties in language comprehension and production, explaining the difficulty in sounding out words.

Question 19

Grammar is relatively unimpaired in kids with specific language impairment.

Accepted Answer

Kids with specific language impairment often exhibit difficulties with grammar, including word order, tense, and agreement. This is one of the key features that distinguish specific language impairment from other learning difficulties, such as dyslexia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 20

According to the response to intervention approach, ______.
A) a learning disability can be identified when providing evidence-based interventions to the child that do not result in academic progress
B) measuring the degree of improvement with intervention helps clinicians specify the severity of the child's condition
C) trying different interventions provides important information about the underlying cause of the learning disability
D) gauging the child's emotional reactions to intervention is important in determining the best treatment for learning disabilities

Accepted Answer

According to the response to intervention approach, a learning disability can be identified when providing evidence-based interventions to the child that do not result in academic progress. This approach involves providing multiple levels of intervention and monitoring progress closely to determine the effectiveness of interventions and to identify the presence of a learning disability.

Quiz 7: Communication and Learning Disorders

Describe how a therapist who is using discrete trial training to enhance verbal production might prompt a child to ask a question.

Which of the following best describes differences in brain functioning between children with reading problems and children with typical reading?

Supplemental,small-group instruction in an academic domain in which a child has exhibited low performance in curriculum-based assessment would be considered ______.

Which of the following is one benefit of comprehensive assessment in determining the existence of learning disabilities?

White children are most likely to be classified with learning disabilities.

Self-instruction involves a series of hints instead of a formal series of steps or a script.

Most children with speech sound disorder have phonological processing problems.

It is recommended that kids with social (pragmatic)communication disorder avoid conversations with others until they develop the skills necessary to engage in the conversations more productively.

According to a comprehensive assessment approach,a child must show a cognitive processing problem to be determined to have a learning disability; documentation of a deficit in an academic skill is not sufficient.

Based on the double-deficit model,if you knew that a child could read words accurately but her reading was slow and laborious,what other deficit might you expect?

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities in different ethnic groups?

As with other disorders,childhood-onset fluency disorder is diagnosed only when the extent of the problems exceeds what would be expected based on the child's age and gender.

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities?

The ability to sound out novel words is called ______.

One benefit of the response to intervention approach to defining a learning disability is that only children who fail to respond to lower level interventions are referred for more intensive (and costly)special education services.

Mary's toddler says,"pea-tut butter" for "peanut butter" and makes other similar errors.Should the toddler be diagnosed with speech sound disorder? Why or why not?

Reading comprehension problems might be related to all of the following EXCEPT ______.

You know that your friend suffered a traumatic brain injury.You write her a card,and when she reads it,you notice her sounding out even the most simple words (such as the ) within it.Given this,which section of the brain do you think the traumatic brain injury most likely affected?

Grammar is relatively unimpaired in kids with specific language impairment.

According to the response to intervention approach, ______.