Question 1

Describe how a therapist who is using discrete trial training to enhance verbal production might prompt a child to ask a question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how a therapist who is using...

Question 2

One benefit of the response to intervention approach to defining a learning disability is that only children who fail to respond to lower level interventions are referred for more intensive (and costly)special education services.

Accepted Answer

This is a key feature of the response to intervention approach. Students who do not respond to more general interventions are then targeted for more specific and intensive interventions, and special education services are only considered if these interventions are not successful. This helps to ensure that special education resources are used effectively and efficiently.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities?
A) The rate of learning disabilities is approximately 10% of children in U.S. schools.
B) The percentage of children with learning disabilities has increased steadily over the last 10 years.
C) The percentage likely overestimates the actual number of children with learning disabilities because some children who don't meet criteria seek access to services.
D) The percentage of parents who report that their child has a learning disability is higher than the number of children classified as having learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 4

Mary's toddler says,"pea-tut butter" for "peanut butter" and makes other similar errors.Should the toddler be diagnosed with speech sound disorder? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary's toddler says,"pea-tut butter" for "peanut butter"...

Question 5

Based on the double-deficit model,if you knew that a child could read words accurately but her reading was slow and laborious,what other deficit might you expect?
A) poor reading comprehension
B) deficits in phonological processing
C) deficits in phonetic mediation
D) poor narratives

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the double-deficit model,if you knew...

Question 6

Self-instruction involves a series of hints instead of a formal series of steps or a script.

Accepted Answer

Self-instruction typically involves a person guiding themselves through a task using a series of structured steps or a script, rather than just hints. This method is designed to help individuals learn how to approach and solve problems independently.

Question 7

Supplemental,small-group instruction in an academic domain in which a child has exhibited low performance in curriculum-based assessment would be considered ______.
A) Tier I
B) Tier II
C) Tier III
D) Tier IV

Accepted Answer

Supplemental, small-group instruction for a child who exhibits low performance in curriculum-based assessment would fall under Tier II in the Response to Intervention (RTI) framework. Tier II interventions target specific areas of need for students who require additional support beyond Tier I universal instruction. If a student does not show improvement with Tier II interventions, they may then be moved to Tier III for more intensive interventions. Tier IV is not a standard component of the RTI framework.

Question 8

Which of the following is one benefit of comprehensive assessment in determining the existence of learning disabilities?
A) It doesn't involve norm-referenced tests, which may be culturally biased.
B) It can better rule out alternative reasons for lack of response to intervention.
C) It doesn't involve multiple tiers, so treatment can begin more quickly.
D) It is more cost-effective because substantially fewer children are referred for treatment under this approach.

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive assessment can help rule out other reasons for a student's struggles, such as environmental factors or emotional difficulties, which can lead to more targeted interventions and supports.

Answer: D
 This statement is incorrect. Comprehensive assessment may actually result in more students being referred for treatment as it can identify learning disabilities that might have been missed with a more limited assessment approach.

Question 9

Most children with speech sound disorder have phonological processing problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most children with speech sound disorder have...

Question 10

It is recommended that kids with social (pragmatic)communication disorder avoid conversations with others until they develop the skills necessary to engage in the conversations more productively.

Accepted Answer

It is not recommended that kids with social (pragmatic) communication disorder avoid conversations altogether, as it is important for their development and growth. Instead, they may benefit from targeted interventions that can help them better understand social cues and speech patterns, so that they can engage in conversations more effectively.

Question 11

According to the response to intervention approach, ______.
A) a learning disability can be identified when providing evidence-based interventions to the child that do not result in academic progress
B) measuring the degree of improvement with intervention helps clinicians specify the severity of the child's condition
C) trying different interventions provides important information about the underlying cause of the learning disability
D) gauging the child's emotional reactions to intervention is important in determining the best treatment for learning disabilities

Accepted Answer

The response to intervention approach involves providing evidence-based interventions to students and monitoring their progress. If a student does not make progress despite appropriate interventions, it may indicate the presence of a learning disability.

Question 12

Grammar is relatively unimpaired in kids with specific language impairment.

Accepted Answer

Children with specific language impairment often struggle with grammar, syntax, and phonological processing. Their grammatical structures may be simplified or erroneous, and they may have difficulty understanding and producing complex language.

Question 13

You know that your friend suffered a traumatic brain injury.You write her a card,and when she reads it,you notice her sounding out even the most simple words (such as the )within it.Given this,which section of the brain do you think the traumatic brain injury most likely affected?
A) the left back part.
B) the right back part.
C) the left front part.
D) the right front part.

Accepted Answer

The left back part of the brain is responsible for understanding and producing language, which includes reading. Damage to this area, such as the Wernicke's area, can lead to difficulties in language comprehension and production, explaining the difficulty in sounding out words.

Question 14

According to a comprehensive assessment approach,a child must show a cognitive processing problem to be determined to have a learning disability; documentation of a deficit in an academic skill is not sufficient.

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive assessment for learning disabilities looks at various factors, including academic skills, cognitive processing, and other relevant areas. A deficit in academic skills can be a significant indicator of a learning disability, and a cognitive processing problem is not required for a diagnosis.

Question 15

White children are most likely to be classified with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that historically, Black and Hispanic children have been more likely to be misidentified as having a learning disability due to cultural and linguistic differences, lack of access to specialized services, and bias in testing and diagnosis. However, it is important to note that there is still a significant over-identification of White students with learning disabilities as well, and efforts should be made to ensure accurate identification and support for all students in need.

Question 16

The ability to sound out novel words is called ______.
A) letter recognition
B) phonemic awareness
C) phonemic mediation
D) phonemic segmentation

Accepted Answer

Phonemic mediation is the process involved in sounding out words, especially new or unfamiliar ones, by using knowledge of phonemes (the smallest units of sound in a language) to decode their pronunciation. This skill is crucial for reading and spelling development.

Question 17

Reading comprehension problems might be related to all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A) slow processing speed
B) poor verbal working memory
C) poor attention
D) underactive right hemisphere

Accepted Answer

The underactive right hemisphere is not typically associated with reading comprehension difficulties. The other three options (slow processing speed, poor verbal working memory, poor attention) are commonly cited as contributing factors to reading comprehension problems.

Question 18

As with other disorders,childhood-onset fluency disorder is diagnosed only when the extent of the problems exceeds what would be expected based on the child's age and gender.

Accepted Answer

Childhood-onset fluency disorder, also known as stuttering, is diagnosed when the child's problems with speech exceed what is typically expected for their age and gender.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities in different ethnic groups?
A) Those of African descent are most commonly classified with learning disabilities in the majority of countries that have been studied so far.
B) Those of European descent are most commonly classified with learning disabilities in the majority of countries that have been studied so far.
C) Low SES is almost entirely responsible for the differences in the prevalence of learning disabilities across ethnicities in the United States.
D) A higher rate of learning disability appears in African American, Latino, and American Indian children even when controlling for SES.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 20

Which of the following best describes differences in brain functioning between children with reading problems and children with typical reading?
A) When reading, children with reading problems show greater left hemisphere activation in Broca's and Wernicke's area than typically developing readers do.
B) When reading, children with reading problems show greater right hemisphere activation than typically developing readers do.
C) When reading, children with reading problems who receive instruction in phonics show more bilateral activation than typically developing readers.
D) When reading, children with reading problems who receive instruction in phonics show less bilateral activation than typically developing readers.

Accepted Answer

Children with reading problems often show greater right hemisphere activation when reading, as opposed to typically developing readers who primarily use regions in the left hemisphere specialized for language processing. This difference suggests that children with reading difficulties may use alternative neural pathways to compensate for their struggles with reading.

Quiz 7: Communication and Learning Disorders

Describe how a therapist who is using discrete trial training to enhance verbal production might prompt a child to ask a question.

One benefit of the response to intervention approach to defining a learning disability is that only children who fail to respond to lower level interventions are referred for more intensive (and costly)special education services.

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities?

Mary's toddler says,"pea-tut butter" for "peanut butter" and makes other similar errors.Should the toddler be diagnosed with speech sound disorder? Why or why not?

Based on the double-deficit model,if you knew that a child could read words accurately but her reading was slow and laborious,what other deficit might you expect?

Self-instruction involves a series of hints instead of a formal series of steps or a script.

Supplemental,small-group instruction in an academic domain in which a child has exhibited low performance in curriculum-based assessment would be considered ______.

Which of the following is one benefit of comprehensive assessment in determining the existence of learning disabilities?

Most children with speech sound disorder have phonological processing problems.

It is recommended that kids with social (pragmatic)communication disorder avoid conversations with others until they develop the skills necessary to engage in the conversations more productively.

According to the response to intervention approach, ______.

Grammar is relatively unimpaired in kids with specific language impairment.

You know that your friend suffered a traumatic brain injury.You write her a card,and when she reads it,you notice her sounding out even the most simple words (such as the ) within it.Given this,which section of the brain do you think the traumatic brain injury most likely affected?

According to a comprehensive assessment approach,a child must show a cognitive processing problem to be determined to have a learning disability; documentation of a deficit in an academic skill is not sufficient.

White children are most likely to be classified with learning disabilities.

The ability to sound out novel words is called ______.

Reading comprehension problems might be related to all of the following EXCEPT ______.

As with other disorders,childhood-onset fluency disorder is diagnosed only when the extent of the problems exceeds what would be expected based on the child's age and gender.

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of learning disabilities in different ethnic groups?

Which of the following best describes differences in brain functioning between children with reading problems and children with typical reading?