Question 1

In order to avoid confusing entomology (the study of insects)with etymology (the study of the history of words),Vicky associates the sound "en" of entomology with the sound "in" of insects.What specific type of mnemonic is she using?
A)Acronym
B)Chain
C)Keyword
D)Peg-type

Accepted Answer

Vicky is using a keyword mnemonic, in which she is associating the sound "en" of entomology with the sound "in" of insects to help her remember the difference between these two words. This mnemonic involves creating a connection between a keyword (insects) and the target information (entomology) to aid in memory recall.

Question 2

What can teachers do to help their students develop an automated basic skill?
A)Ensure that students have the necessary prerequisite knowledge and provide practice with feedback.
B)Focus on executive control processes in order to guide the flow of information through students' information processing systems.
C)Teach domain-specific strategies for solving problems and control processes for guiding knowledge.
D)Train students to use a variety of strategies for retrieving knowledge from long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Providing students with the necessary background knowledge and ample opportunities for practice with feedback is crucial for automating basic skills. This helps students to build a strong foundation and develop their skills through continuous practice, leading to automaticity.

Answer: C
 Teaching domain-specific strategies and control processes for knowledge helps students not only to automate their skills but also to develop their problem-solving abilities. These strategies and processes can further help students to transfer their skills to new situations, leading to better retention and generalization of knowledge.

Therefore, the best choices are A and C.

Question 3

The use of imagery techniques of learning,such as the keyword method,seems most appropriate for what age group?
A)Early elementary school
B)Kindergarten
C)Late elementary school and older
D)Preschool

Accepted Answer

The use of imagery techniques of learning, such as the keyword method, involves creating mental associations between new information and preexisting knowledge or visual cues. This type of cognitive strategy is more effective for older students who have a larger knowledge base and are capable of generating and manipulating mental images. Therefore, it is most appropriate for late elementary school and older students.

Question 4

You are asked to learn the 50 U.S.states,so you divide the country into geographic areas and set about your task.You are more likely to succeed than someone who begins to learn the states at random,because your system
A)capitalizes on the serial-position effect by fragmenting the task.
B)employs cues to organize your transfer from sensory memory.
C)helps you encode the names of states at the time of recall.
D)minimizes proactive interference through the 'blocking' effect.

Accepted Answer

The serial-position effect refers to the tendency for people to remember the first and last items in a series better than the items in the middle. By dividing the country into geographic areas, the learner is fragmenting the task and making it more manageable. This allows the learner to focus on a smaller number of states at a time, which makes it easier to remember them.

Question 5

Dr.Beach used to be a typical 'absent minded professor.' However,she found that she could remember the things her husband asked her to pick up at the grocery store by imagining the items she needed placed on her desk,bookshelf,and file cabinet.The mnemonic device that she used is
A)an acronym.
B)chunking.
C)the keyword method.
D)the loci method.

Accepted Answer

The mnemonic device used by Dr.Beach is the loci method, also known as the memory palace technique, which involves mentally placing items to be remembered in specific locations around a familiar physical space.

Question 6

According to Woolfolk,the basic purpose of mnemonic aids is to
A)increase students' motivation to learn material requiring rote memorization.
B)make connections between the information to be memorized.
C)rehearse old information in order to implant it in the working memory.
D)set up a system of rewards for remembering items that are not connected.

Accepted Answer

The basic purpose of mnemonic aids is to create connections between the information to be memorized. Mnemonics use imagery, acronyms, or other devices to link new information to existing knowledge, making it more memorable and easier to recall. They do not necessarily increase motivation or set up a reward system, nor do they focus on rehearsing information in working memory.

Question 7

Stacey is trying to learn the abbreviations and names for the chemical elements,such as Au (gold).He connects the Au with a mental picture of Auric Goldfinger,the villain in a James Bond novel.This is an example of using what learning strategy?
A)Chaining
B)Keyword
C)Loci
D)Metacognitive

Accepted Answer

The strategy being used is the keyword strategy, where Stacey is connecting the abbreviation for gold (Au) with a mental picture of the villain Auric Goldfinger from a James Bond novel.

Question 8

Ms.Gentry took her tenth-grade biology students to the Horticulture Garden.The students were able to observe and classify a wide variety of exotic plants.Students in her class are likely to remember the names and characteristics of those plants because of
A)automaticity.
B)context.
C)meta-components.
D)retrieval.

Accepted Answer

The context of the field trip to the Horticulture Garden would provide a distinct context for the students to associate with the names and characteristics of the exotic plants they observed. This context could promote greater retention and retrieval of the information.

Question 9

Forgetting due to the serial-position effect can be reduced through the use of
A)massed practice.
B)part learning.
C)relearning.
D)rote memorization.

Accepted Answer

Part learning involves breaking down the material to be learned into smaller chunks and learning them separately. This helps to reduce the effects of the serial-position effect, as the items are no longer presented in a continuous sequence.

Question 10

Consuela is a fourth-grade student who is studying geography.Tomorrow,she has a quiz over the Great Lakes.She creates a mnemonic device,HOMES (Huron,Ontario,Michigan,Erie,Superior),to help her remember the names of the lakes.What type of mnemonic device is she using?
A)Acronym
B)Chain
C)Keyword
D)Peg-type

Accepted Answer

Consuela is using an acronym, which is a mnemonic device that uses the first letters of a list of words to create a new word or phrase that is easy to remember. In this case, HOMES represents the first letter of each of the five Great Lakes.

Question 11

Based on the serial-position effect,what group of letters of the alphabet should be the most difficult to remember for someone who is first learning the alphabet?
A)ABC
B)MNO
C)XYZ
D)All of the above groups should be of equal difficulty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the serial-position effect,what group of...

Question 12

Marc starts talking to Wynoma about the field trip to the zoo,which reminds him of the book he read on tigers last week.He concludes by telling Wynoma that the new library is very easy to use.This phenomenon illustrates the concept of
A)construction of the working memory.
B)deactivation of the active memory.
C)reconstruction of the working memory.
D)spread of activation.

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the spread of activation, as Marc's initial thought about the zoo leads to his memory of reading a book about tigers, which then leads to the mention of the new library being easy to use. The activation of one memory triggers the activation of related memories, leading to a chain or spread of activation. The other options (construction, deactivation, and reconstruction of working memory) do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Question 13

What type of knowledge do experts have that involves an understanding of how to perform various cognitive activities?
A)Conditional
B)Declarative
C)Organizational
D)Procedural

Accepted Answer

Procedural knowledge is the type of knowledge that involves an understanding of how to perform various cognitive activities. This type of knowledge is built through practice and experience, and is often held by experts in a particular field or domain. Declarative knowledge, on the other hand, involves knowledge about facts and concepts, while conditional knowledge pertains to understanding the conditions under which a particular action might be appropriate. Organizational knowledge involves understanding the relationships between different concepts or ideas.

Question 14

"I before E except after C" is an example of the use of what memory method?
A)Chain
B)Loci
C)Keyword
D)Peg-type

Accepted Answer

The phrase "I before E except after C" is a mnemonic device that uses a chain method, where information is linked together in a sequence to aid memory.

Question 15

According to the levels of processing theory,the length of time information is remembered is determined by
A)how completely the initial learning was accomplished.
B)when we first encountered the information.
C)where it is stored in our memory.
D)why we have chosen to attend to the information.

Accepted Answer

The levels of processing theory proposes that the depth at which we process information determines how well we remember it. More specifically, the theory suggests that information that is processed more deeply and elaborately (i.e., processed for meaning, relating to existing knowledge, organized, and mentally rehearsed) is more likely to be remembered over a longer period of time. Therefore, how completely the initial learning was accomplished is the key factor in determining the length of time information is remembered. Choices B, C, and D are not as directly related to the levels of processing theory as choice A.

Question 16

The first step in peg-type mnemonics is to
A)associate new material with a familiar place or location.
B)memorize a random list of places,words,or facts.
C)organize the new material into meaningful patterns.
D)visualize each element of the new material.

Accepted Answer

The first step in peg-type mnemonics is to memorize a list of "peg" words or numbers that will be used to associate with the new material.

Question 17

An educational application designed to reduce the impact of the serial-position effect is to
A)begin teaching important materials at the beginning of class and deal with administrative tasks later.
B)break down the lesson into small parts that can be handled quite easily.
C)provide a preview of the next period at the end of class rather than a review of what was covered today.
D)start a class with seatwork,teach new information,and end the class with seatwork whenever possible.

Accepted Answer

Breaking down the lesson into smaller parts helps to reduce the impact of the serial-position effect by allowing students to better retain information presented in the middle and end of a lesson. This is because each smaller part receives its own initial and recency effect, rather than one initial effect at the beginning and one recency effect at the end.

Question 18

A student provides an explanation of why water evaporates,but his description leaves out some of the details the teacher provided,while including some new information.Cognitive theorists would attribute this to
A)elaboration.
B)reconstruction.
C)repression.
D)time decay.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists would attribute this to reconstruction, which occurs when an individual combines their existing knowledge with new information to create a new, but not necessarily accurate, understanding of a concept. In this case, the student left out some details that the teacher provided and added new information, resulting in a reconstructed explanation of why water evaporates.

Question 19

Within the information processing perspective,learning declarative knowledge involves
A)applying rules for the purpose of categorizing specific objects or ideas.
B)developing new strategies for performing various cognitive activities.
C)generating ways to organize thoughts and actions in order to meet a goal.
D)integrating new ideas with existing knowledge to create an understanding.

Accepted Answer

Within the information processing perspective, learning declarative knowledge involves integrating new ideas with existing knowledge to create a more comprehensive understanding. This includes forming connections between new information and existing knowledge structures in long-term memory.

Question 20

While taking his final exam,Jerry recalled one item of information that caused him to remember another piece of information related to the question.What phenomenon has he just experienced?
A)Distributed recall
B)Massed practice
C)Serial-position effect
D)Spread of activation

Accepted Answer

Jerry has experienced the spread of activation, where recalling one piece of information triggers the recall of related information due to the activation of associated nodes in his memory network.

Quiz 8: Cognitive Views of Learning

In order to avoid confusing entomology (the study of insects) with etymology (the study of the history of words) ,Vicky associates the sound "en" of entomology with the sound "in" of insects.What specific type of mnemonic is she using?

What can teachers do to help their students develop an automated basic skill?

The use of imagery techniques of learning,such as the keyword method,seems most appropriate for what age group?

You are asked to learn the 50 U.S.states,so you divide the country into geographic areas and set about your task.You are more likely to succeed than someone who begins to learn the states at random,because your system

Dr.Beach used to be a typical 'absent minded professor.' However,she found that she could remember the things her husband asked her to pick up at the grocery store by imagining the items she needed placed on her desk,bookshelf,and file cabinet.The mnemonic device that she used is

According to Woolfolk,the basic purpose of mnemonic aids is to

Stacey is trying to learn the abbreviations and names for the chemical elements,such as Au (gold) .He connects the Au with a mental picture of Auric Goldfinger,the villain in a James Bond novel.This is an example of using what learning strategy?

Ms.Gentry took her tenth-grade biology students to the Horticulture Garden.The students were able to observe and classify a wide variety of exotic plants.Students in her class are likely to remember the names and characteristics of those plants because of

Forgetting due to the serial-position effect can be reduced through the use of

Consuela is a fourth-grade student who is studying geography.Tomorrow,she has a quiz over the Great Lakes.She creates a mnemonic device,HOMES (Huron,Ontario,Michigan,Erie,Superior) ,to help her remember the names of the lakes.What type of mnemonic device is she using?

Based on the serial-position effect,what group of letters of the alphabet should be the most difficult to remember for someone who is first learning the alphabet?

Marc starts talking to Wynoma about the field trip to the zoo,which reminds him of the book he read on tigers last week.He concludes by telling Wynoma that the new library is very easy to use.This phenomenon illustrates the concept of

What type of knowledge do experts have that involves an understanding of how to perform various cognitive activities?

"I before E except after C" is an example of the use of what memory method?

According to the levels of processing theory,the length of time information is remembered is determined by

The first step in peg-type mnemonics is to

An educational application designed to reduce the impact of the serial-position effect is to

A student provides an explanation of why water evaporates,but his description leaves out some of the details the teacher provided,while including some new information.Cognitive theorists would attribute this to

Within the information processing perspective,learning declarative knowledge involves

While taking his final exam,Jerry recalled one item of information that caused him to remember another piece of information related to the question.What phenomenon has he just experienced?