Question 1

Alejandro is 7 months old. His family thinks it is so cute when he says things like "ma, ba, pa, and da." When Alejandro makes these sounds, he is:

Accepted Answer

At 7 months old, Alejandro is not yet able to produce meaningful words or phrases. Instead, he is engaging in babbling, which is the repetition of syllables and sounds. This is an important developmental milestone as it helps babies practice the coordination of their mouth and tongue movements, which will eventually lead to the ability to produce words.

Question 2

The ________________ the part of the retina responsible for color vision.

Accepted Answer

Cones are the part of the retina responsible for color vision. Rods are responsible for detecting light and dark, cilia are hair-like structures on cells, and lenses focus light onto the retina.

Question 3

Jeffery is an infant and likes to look at yellow but not red objects. Based on this preference, we can assume that:

Accepted Answer

Jeffery's preference for yellow but not red objects indicates that he is able to discriminate color differences. It does not necessarily mean that he can only see yellow or that yellow is his favorite color.

Question 4

Toddlers use short phrases that convey meaning but lack some parts of speech required to form a complete sentence, also known as:

Accepted Answer

Toddlers use short phrases that convey meaning but lack some parts of speech required to form a complete sentence, which is known as telegraphic speech. Option B, receptive language, refers to a child's ability to understand language. Option C, toddler speak, is not a commonly used term in the field of child development. Option D, expressive language, refers to a child's ability to produce language.

Question 5

Developmentalists who emphasize the role of socialization in language development work from a(n) ___________ approach.

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists who emphasize the role of socialization in language development focus on the interactions between the child and their environment, specifically how social influences shape language development. Therefore, an interactionist approach is the best choice.

Question 6

Noam Chomsky introduced the term _________________ to describe a theoretical structure that prewire infants and children to learn the language of our culture.

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky introduced the term "language acquisition device" to describe a theoretical structure that prewires infants and children to learn the language of our culture.

Question 7

By age 2, children's vocabularies increase to around _________words.

Accepted Answer

By age 2, children's vocabularies typically increase to around 200 words.

Question 8

_____________ is a sense that is highly developed prior to birth and facilitates the baby's ability to latch on to the mother's nipple for the first time.

Accepted Answer

Smell is highly developed prior to birth and helps newborns recognize and latch onto their mother's nipple by detecting the scent of breast milk.

Question 9

When an infant physically receives a stimulus, she typically feels a sensation.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. When an infant physically receives a stimulus, for example a touch or a sound, she typically feels a sensation.

Question 10

As an inborn protective mechanism, infants will turn their heads away from bad-smelling stimuli as early as:

Accepted Answer

Infants will turn their heads away from bad-smelling stimuli as early as 1 week old as a protective mechanism to avoid potential harm. This response is innate and does not require prior learning or conditioning.

Question 11

Hearing, touch, taste, vision, and smell are senses that mature and strengthen over time in typically developing children.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. As children grow and develop, their sensory systems become more adept at perceiving and interpreting sensory information from their environment. This process continues into adulthood, although the rate of development slows down after early childhood.

Question 12

Infants crave touch and have inborn behaviors that encourage others to come close to and hold them. These features of early infant-caregiver interactions categorize humans as a ____________ species.

Accepted Answer

The fact that infants have inborn behaviors that encourage others to come close to and hold them suggests that humans are a carrying species, which implies that the close physical contact between infants and caregivers is important for early development. Nesting, loving, and touching are not accurate descriptions of the species based on this information alone.

Question 13

Developmental science research offers evidence that infants do experience pain.

Accepted Answer

Developmental science research has shown that infants have the neural circuitry and receptors necessary for experiencing pain, and they may even demonstrate physiological responses and behavioral changes in response to painful stimuli.

Question 14

The repetition of single-syllable sounds is a type of speech known as:

Accepted Answer

The repetition of single-syllable sounds is known as babbling. Cooing typically involves longer vowel sounds, crying is an expression of distress, and bantering refers to playful conversation.

Question 15

____________ separate(s) a carrying species from a nesting species.

Accepted Answer

Breast milk composition and frequency of demand feedings are factors that differentiate the carrying species (mother) from the nesting species (place where the offspring resides). Carrying species produce milk to feed their offspring, and the frequency and demand of feeding helps to create a bond with the offspring.

Question 16

Katy is a newborn. She cries often and makes funny faces when she tastes sour liquids. We can infer that Katy:

Accepted Answer

Katy's reaction to sour liquids suggests that she has a highly developed sense of taste, which allows her to detect even subtle differences in flavor. Her crying could also indicate that she is discomforted by the taste of the sour liquid. Additionally, her preference for her mother's milk cannot be inferred from the information given.

Question 17

Carmella's mother constantly holds her throughout the day and sleeps with the infant at night. These infant-caregiver interactions are likely to predict _____________ for Carmella.

Accepted Answer

Infants who experience positive interactions with their caregivers, such as being held and comforted, are likely to experience physiological benefits such as reduced stress responses, as well as psychological benefits such as secure attachment which can lead to positive social and emotional development.

Question 18

Developmental scientists ______________ the amount of pain an infant has the potential to experience.

Accepted Answer

Developmental scientists do not agree about the amount of pain an infant has the potential to experience. There is ongoing debate about the extent to which infants can feel pain and how to measure it accurately.

Question 19

Following stimulation, the high-order interpretation of physical sensatiion is experienced as a cognitive perception of the same event.

Accepted Answer

After stimulation, the brain processes and interprets the physical sensation, and this interpretation is experienced as a cognitive perception of the same event. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 20

When Adrian's parents leave for the movies, she runs up to them and asks, "daddy go?" Adrian is using:

Accepted Answer

Adrian is using telegraphic speech, which is a form of early language development where children use short, simple combinations of words that sound like a telegram. They often include only the most critical words to convey a message, omitting smaller, less significant words.

Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy