Question 1

Explain the two types of apparent motion.Give an example for each type.

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Question 2

While flying a plane, a pilot sees what he thinks is a large plane moving very fast in the distance.However, when he realizes that the plane is really quite small, he also realizes that it is ______ than previously thought.
A)higher
B)lower
C)closer
D)further

Accepted Answer

If the pilot initially mistakes a small plane for a large one, it suggests that the small plane is closer than he thought, as its size would appear larger due to its proximity.

Question 3

Why should a pilot be careful when he or she sees what seems to be a large plane traveling fast in the distance?

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Question 4

How do people infer form from the point-light walker display?

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Question 5

The medial intraparietal area is an area of the posterior parietal lobe involved in the planning and control of reaching movements of the arms.

Accepted Answer

The medial intraparietal area (MIP) is indeed involved in the planning and control of reaching movements of the arms, among other functions such as spatial perception and attention.

Question 6

One form of apparent motion is the appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The phi phenomenon is a perfect example of this. The phi phenomenon can be observed by watching a rolling shutter or a picture reel where each frame depicts a small change in position of the object.

Question 7

Select all that apply.Which of these areas of the brain send(s) information to V5?
A)V1
B)V2
C)the lateral intraparietal
D)the superior colliculus

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Question 8

Reichardt detectors are cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus that compute motion by comparing relative position from the left and right eye.

Accepted Answer

Reichardt detectors are a model for motion detection in the visual system that compute motion by comparing the temporal difference in light intensity between adjacent photoreceptor cells, not by comparing relative position from the left and right eye.

Question 9

Corollary discharge theory is the theory that the motion perception occurs before eye movements, but that apparent motion is discounted when considering spontaneous decisions to make eye movements.

Accepted Answer

Corollary discharge theory suggests that motion perception is influenced by signals that predict sensory consequences of movements, such as eye movements, allowing the brain to distinguish between self-generated and external motion. It does not state that motion perception occurs before eye movements, but rather that the brain uses predictive signals to interpret sensory information during or after movement.

Question 10

We see movement in the rotating snakes illusion because depth cues in the image are triggered, but because we know the image is two-dimensional, we misinterpret the signal as motion.

Accepted Answer

The rotating snakes illusion causes perceived motion due to low-level mechanisms in the visual system related to luminance, color contrast, and edge detection, not because of depth cues or a misinterpretation of the image's dimensionality.

Question 11

Some motion is so slow that we cannot perceive it, and other motion is so fast that we cannot perceive it.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Our ability to perceive motion is limited by our visual system's ability to detect changes over time. Slow motion may appear to be still or very sluggish, while fast motion may appear as a blur or too quick to see individual movements.

Question 12

What is an affordance? Give three examples.

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Question 13

Warren, Kay, Zosh, Duchon, and Sahuc (2001) controlled the optic flow pattern that participants were viewing while walking in a specially designed room.They found that participants ignored optic flow information when they had a specific goal in mind.

Accepted Answer

Warren, Kay, Zosh, Duchon, and Sahuc (2001) found that participants adjusted their walking speed in response to the optic flow, indicating that they did not ignore optic flow information even when they had a specific goal in mind.

Question 14

Select all that apply.Which of the following are examples of affordances?
A)Seeing a ripe avocado affords making guacamole.
B)Seeing a chair affords standing.
C)Seeing a cat affords petting.
D)Seeing a stove affords keeping food cold.

Accepted Answer

Affordances refer to the potential actions or uses that an object or environment provides to an individual. A ripe avocado suggests it can be used to make guacamole, and a cat suggests it can be petted.

Question 15

MT or V5 is an area of the occipital lobe in the dorsal pathway, specific to motion detection and perception.

Accepted Answer

MT or V5 is indeed an area of the occipital lobe in the dorsal pathway that is specialized in motion detection and perception.

Question 16

The spoked-wheel illusion happens when a person perceives the clockwise motion of a bicycle's spokes as ______.
A)having a red color
B)being counterclockwise
C)having a stroboscopic effect
D)being static

Accepted Answer

The spoked-wheel illusion occurs when the motion of a bicycle's spokes, moving in one direction (e.g., clockwise), is perceived as moving in the opposite direction (e.g., counterclockwise), due to the limitations of human visual perception.

Question 17

Describe how motion-sensitive neurons account for speed and direction.

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Question 18

Research on point-light walker displays shows that in order to perceive biological motion, an observer must see the entire person or animal.

Accepted Answer

Research on point-light walker displays shows that even with minimal visual information, such as just the movements of a few key points of light on a person or animal, it is still possible to perceive biological motion and recognize the movement as human or animal-like. Therefore, an observer does not need to see the entire person or animal in order to perceive biological motion.

Question 19

If a pilot is flying a plane on a dark, gusty night, and his instruments malfunction, he will most likely have trouble judging the ______ of the plane.
A)roll
B)height
C)speed
D)direction

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Akinetopsia is a rare condition in which a patient is unable to detect motion despite intact visual perception of stationary stimuli, caused by damage to Area MT.

Accepted Answer

Akinetopsia is a real condition caused by damage to the middle temporal (MT) area of the brain. Patients with this condition have difficulty perceiving motion, but can still see stationary objects.

Quiz 8: Movement and Action