Question 1

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them.
-Affects neurons involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion, pleasure or reward, and, possibly, response to novelty.
A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)glutamate
D)GABA
E)serotonin

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is involved in all of the functions listed in the statement, including voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion, pleasure or reward, and response to novelty.

Answer: B
 Acetylcholine is involved in voluntary movement, learning, and memory, and it also regulates the autonomic nervous system.

Answer: C
 Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and it is involved in learning and memory.

Answer: D
 GABA is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and it is involved in regulating anxiety, sleep, and muscle tone.

Answer: E
 Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, and it is also involved in the perception of pain.

Question 2

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe.
-A neuron's extending fibre that conducts action potential and transmits information to other neurons.
A)dendrite
B)myelin sheath
C)axon
D)cell body
E)synapse

Accepted Answer

The description matches the function of an axon, which is the extending fibre of a neuron that conducts action potential and transmits information to other neurons.

Answer: A
 This description matches the function of a dendrite, which is the part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.

Answer: B
 This description matches the function of a myelin sheath, which is the layer of insulation surrounding some axons that helps to speed up neural transmission.

Answer: D
 This description matches the function of a cell body (also known as the soma), which contains the nucleus and other organelles that help to maintain the neuron's metabolic activities.

Answer: E
 This description matches the function of a synapse, which is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released and neural signals are transmitted.

Question 3

Match these functions with the hormones that control them.
-Helps to regulate daily biological rhythms and promotes sleep.
A)androgens
B)melatonin
C)cortisol
D)progesterone
E)epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone that helps regulate daily biological rhythms and promotes sleep.

Question 4

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them.
-Functions as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)glutamate
D)GABA
E)serotonin

Accepted Answer

GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, controlling the excitability of neurons.

Question 5

Match these descriptions with the appropriate brain imaging or recording method.
-A method for imaging the brain using magnetic fields and special radio receivers.
A)fMRI
B)PET
C)EEG
D)MRI
E)TMS

Accepted Answer

MRI uses magnetic fields to create detailed images of the brain's structure.

Answer: A
 fMRI measures changes in blood flow in the brain, which are believed to indicate neural activity.

Answer: C
 EEG measures electrical activity from the brain's surface, providing information about the timing and location of neural activity.

Answer: B
 PET involves injecting a radioactive tracer into the bloodstream and then measuring the radiation emitted by the tracer as it accumulates in different parts of the brain.

Answer: E
 TMS uses magnetic fields to stimulate or interrupt neural activity in specific regions of the brain. It does not provide an image or recording of brain activity.

Question 6

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them.
-Affects neurons involved in sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression, and mood.
A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)glutamate
D)GABA
E)serotonin

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is commonly associated with regulating sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression, and mood.

It is important to note that other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and GABA, may also play a role in some of these functions, but they are not as directly associated with them as serotonin.

Question 7

Match these descriptions with the division of the nervous system they describe.
-The portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
A)autonomic nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)somatic nervous system
E)central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer: C
 The peripheral nervous system is the portion of the nervous system that lies outside the central nervous system and includes all the nerves in the body.

Note: None of the other choices describe the central or peripheral nervous system specifically, so they are not the best choices.

Question 8

Match these functions with the hormones that control them.
-Increases blood-sugar levels and boosts energy.
A)androgens
B)melatonin
C)cortisol
D)progesterone
E)epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is known as the stress hormone and plays a role in increasing blood-sugar levels and providing a burst of energy in response to stress or physical activity.

Question 9

Match these functions with the hormones that control them.
-Contributes to the growth and maintenance of the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized egg.
A)androgens
B)melatonin
C)cortisol
D)progesterone
E)epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Progesterone is produced by the ovaries and is responsible for preparing the uterus for implantation by thickening the uterine lining.

Other choices have different functions: 
-A) Androgens are male sex hormones responsible for masculine traits like body hair, deep voice, and muscle development.
-B) Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep/wake cycles. 
-C) Cortisol is produced by the adrenal gland and is released in response to stress. 
-E) Epinephrine is a hormone released in response to stress that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels for energy.

Question 10

Match these descriptions with the division of the nervous system they describe.
-The portion of the nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles.
A)autonomic nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)somatic nervous system
E)central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match these descriptions with the division of...

Question 11

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them.
-Affects neurons involved in muscle action, cognitive functioning, memory, and emotion.
A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)glutamate
D)GABA
E)serotonin

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is involved in muscle action, cognitive functioning, memory, and emotion.

Answer: A and E 
 Dopamine and serotonin are both involved in emotion regulation. Dopamine is also involved in reward processing and movement control, while serotonin affects mood, appetite, and sleep.

Answer: C 
 Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is involved in cognitive functioning and learning.

Answer: D 
 GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and is involved in reducing anxiety and promoting sleep.

Question 12

Match these descriptions with the appropriate brain imaging or recording method.
-A method of stimulating brain cells using a powerful magnetic field produced by a wire coil placed on a person's head.
A)fMRI
B)PET
C)EEG
D)MRI
E)TMS

Accepted Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of stimulating brain cells using a powerful magnetic field produced by a wire coil placed on a person's head. The other options are not applicable to this description as they either involve measuring brain activity or structure rather than directly stimulating it.

Question 13

Match these functions with the hormones that control them.
-Increases arousal level and prepares a person for action.
A)androgens
B)melatonin
C)cortisol
D)progesterone
E)epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline, and it is responsible for stimulating the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and preparing the body for action.

Question 14

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe.
-The site where transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another occurs.
A)dendrite
B)myelin sheath
C)axon
D)cell body
E)synapse

Accepted Answer

The synapse is the site where transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another occurs.

Answer: A
 Dendrites are the branches extending from the cell body that receive signals from other neurons at the synapse.

Answer: C
 The axon is the long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical signals away from the cell body towards other neurons or effectors.

Answer: D
 The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the neuron to function, and integrates incoming signals from dendrites before transmitting them to other neurons along the axon.

Answer: B
 The myelin sheath is a fatty insulating layer surrounding some axons that increases the speed of conduction of nerve impulses.

Question 15

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe.
-The part of the neuron that keeps it alive and determines whether it will fire.
A)dendrite
B)myelin sheath
C)axon
D)cell body
E)synapse

Accepted Answer

The cell body, also known as the soma, contains the nucleus and cellular machinery necessary for the neuron's survival and determines whether or not it will fire.

Answer: A 
 Dendrites are the branch-like structures that extend from the cell body and receive signals from other neurons or sensory organs, and transmit them towards the cell body.

Answer: C 
 Axons are the long, cable-like structures that extend from the cell body and transmit signals away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles.

Answer: B 
 The myelin sheath is a fatty, insulating layer that surrounds some axons and helps speed up the transmission of signals.

Answer: E 
 The synapse is the small gap between two neurons where chemical or electrical signals are transmitted from one neuron to another.

Question 16

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe.
-A fatty insulation that may surround the axon of a neuron.
A)dendrite
B)myelin sheath
C)axon
D)cell body
E)synapse

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath is a fatty insulation that surrounds the axon of a neuron.

Answer A: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.

Answer C: The axon transmits electrical signals away from the cell body towards other neurons or effector cells.

Answer D: The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles, and is responsible for maintaining the health and function of the neuron.

Answer E: The synapse is the small gap between neurons where chemical or electrical signals are transmitted between the cells.

Question 17

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them.
-Functions as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)glutamate
D)GABA
E)serotonin

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, responsible for stimulating nerve cells to send signals to other neurons.

Other options:
A) Dopamine is involved in reward and motivation pathways in the brain. 
B) Acetylcholine is important for attention and memory. 
D) GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, responsible for reducing neuronal activity. 
E) Serotonin is involved in mood regulation, appetite, and sleep.

Question 18

Match these descriptions with the division of the nervous system they describe.
-The portion of the nervous system that mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stress.
A)autonomic nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)somatic nervous system
E)central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The description matches the sympathetic nervous system, which is part of the autonomic nervous system. The other choices do not fit the description.

Question 19

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe.
-A neuron fibre that receives information from other neurons.
A)dendrite
B)myelin sheath
C)axon
D)cell body
E)synapse

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are the part of a neuron that receive information from other neurons.

Answer: B
 The myelin sheath is a layer of insulation around the axon of a neuron, which helps to increase the speed of neural impulses.

Answer: C
 The axon is the long, thin fibre of a neuron that carries information away from the cell body and towards other neurons or muscle cells.

Answer: D
 The cell body, also known as the soma, is the main part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles.

Answer: E
 The synapse is the small gap between neurons where communication and transfer of information takes place through the release of neurotransmitters.

Question 20

Match these functions with the hormones that control them.
-Set in motion the physical changes males experience at puberty and influences sexual arousal in both sexes.
A)androgens
B)melatonin
C)cortisol
D)progesterone
E)epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Androgens, specifically testosterone, are responsible for physical changes in males during puberty and also influence sexual arousal in both sexes.

None of the other hormones listed have a significant role in these functions. Melatonin controls sleep patterns, cortisol regulates stress response, progesterone is involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and epinephrine is a stress hormone that increases heart rate and blood pressure.

Quiz 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them. -Affects neurons involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion, pleasure or reward, and, possibly, response to novelty.

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe. -A neuron's extending fibre that conducts action potential and transmits information to other neurons.

Match these functions with the hormones that control them. -Helps to regulate daily biological rhythms and promotes sleep.

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them. -Functions as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Match these descriptions with the appropriate brain imaging or recording method. -A method for imaging the brain using magnetic fields and special radio receivers.

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them. -Affects neurons involved in sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression, and mood.

Match these descriptions with the division of the nervous system they describe. -The portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Match these functions with the hormones that control them. -Increases blood-sugar levels and boosts energy.

Match these functions with the hormones that control them. -Contributes to the growth and maintenance of the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized egg.

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them. -Affects neurons involved in muscle action, cognitive functioning, memory, and emotion.

Match these descriptions with the appropriate brain imaging or recording method. -A method of stimulating brain cells using a powerful magnetic field produced by a wire coil placed on a person's head.

Match these functions with the hormones that control them. -Increases arousal level and prepares a person for action.

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe. -The site where transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another occurs.

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe. -The part of the neuron that keeps it alive and determines whether it will fire.

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe. -A fatty insulation that may surround the axon of a neuron.

Match these functions with the neurotransmitters that control them. -Functions as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Match these descriptions with the division of the nervous system they describe. -The portion of the nervous system that mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stress.

Match these functions with the part of a neuron they describe. -A neuron fibre that receives information from other neurons.

Match these functions with the hormones that control them. -Set in motion the physical changes males experience at puberty and influences sexual arousal in both sexes.