Question 1

Larry is talking to his ten-month-old son. He wants his son to call him "daddy" and he keeps repeating the word "daddy" to his son. He is delighted when his son responds with "dada." In this scenario, Larrys's son is:
A) cooing.
B) babbling.
C) humming.
D) murmuring.

Accepted Answer

The son is babbling, which is the early stage in language development where babies produce strings of consonant-vowel syllables, often repeated, with variations in pitch and volume. "Dada" is a common early babbling sound that babies make, which can sound like they are starting to say "daddy."

Question 2

The behavior rating scale in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development assesses _____.
A) attention span
B) perceptual skills
C) learning and memory
D) problem-solving skills

Accepted Answer

The behavior rating scale in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development assesses attention span, as well as other behaviors such as social responsiveness and emotional regulation.

Question 3

Toward the end of the first year, infants use patterns of rising and falling _____ that resemble the sounds of adult speech.
A) echolalia
B) syntax
C) telegraphic speech
D) intonation

Accepted Answer

Infants use patterns of rising and falling intonation that resemble the sounds of adult speech. This is known as intonation, and it helps infants learn to communicate and understand the emotional content of language.

Question 4

Paul is a six-month-old baby who loves playing with his toy truck. Every time he picks his truck up, he says "ooh," and every time he drops it back on the floor he says "aah." In this scenario, Paul is:
A) cooing.
B) babbling.
C) murmuring.
D) humming.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paul is a six-month-old baby who loves...

Question 5

Infants begin cooing:
A) at birth.
B) during the second month.
C) at one week of age.
D) during the fourth month.

Accepted Answer

Infants typically begin cooing during the second month of life. While they may make some sounds at birth, cooing specifically develops around 6-8 weeks of age.

Question 6

Which of the following is used in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
A) A scale measuring the environmental influences on an infant
B) A behavior rating scale
C) A scale measuring the cultural influences on an infant
D) A maternal behavior scale

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development use a behavior rating scale to assess the development of infants. Option A is incorrect because while environmental influences are considered, there is no separate scale for measuring them. Option C is also incorrect as cultural influences are not measured separately. Option D is also incorrect as the scales do not measure maternal behavior, but rather the behavior and functioning of the infant.

Question 7

A child is shown two objects for 20 seconds. After this, one of the objects is replaced and the infant spends more time looking at the new object. Which of the following processes does this represent?
A) Visual recognition memory
B) Canalization
C) Centration
D) Deferred imitation

Accepted Answer

This represents visual recognition memory, as the infant is able to recognize that the new object is different from the original two and spends more time looking at it. Canalization refers to the tendency of development to follow a pre-determined path, centration is the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation while ignoring others, and deferred imitation involves the ability to imitate actions observed at an earlier time.

Question 8

According to research by Rose and her colleagues, it was shown that, from age to age, individual differences in capacity for visual recognition memory:
A) are stable.
B) increase dramatically.
C) increase gradually.
D) decrease dramatically.

Accepted Answer

The research showed that individual differences in capacity for visual recognition memory are stable from age to age.

Question 9

Infants use their _____ when they coo.
A) tongues
B) thumbs
C) feet
D) forefingers

Accepted Answer

Infants use their tongues when they coo, as cooing requires the use of vocalizations that come from the mouth and trachea. The tongue plays a role in shaping the sound of the vocalizations produced.

Question 10

According to research by Susan Rose and her colleagues, higher visual recognition scores in infancy are related to:
A) attention deficit disorder in later childhood.
B) poorer memory skills in later childhood.
C) higher emotional quotient scores in later childhood.
D) higher IQ scores in later childhood.

Accepted Answer

The research by Susan Rose and her colleagues suggests that higher visual recognition scores in infancy are related to higher IQ scores in later childhood.

Question 11

One-month-old babies, as parents are well aware, have an unlearned but highly effective form of verbal expression that is _____.
A) crying
B) babbling
C) cooing
D) humming

Accepted Answer

One-month-old babies communicate primarily through crying, which is their way of expressing discomfort, hunger, or other needs. While they may also make other sounds such as cooing and babbling, crying is the most prominent form of verbal expression at this age. Humming is not typically seen as a form of verbal expression, as it does not involve the use of words or language.

Question 12

Jim tells his son, "Wear your shoes when you go outside to play." Jim's son cannot produce a sentence like this, but he completely understands his dad and goes to put his shoes on before going outside to play. The fact that Jim's son understands this statement suggests that the words in the sentence fall into his _____.
A) receptive vocabulary
B) expressive vocabulary
C) advanced vocabulary
D) active vocabulary

Accepted Answer

Receptive vocabulary refers to the words that an individual can understand and comprehend when they are heard or read. In this scenario, Jim's son may not be able to produce the sentence "Wear your shoes when you go outside to play," but he understands the meaning and goes to put his shoes on. Therefore, the words in the sentence fall into his receptive vocabulary.

Question 13

Which of the following is a similarity between cooing and babbling?
A) Both do not represent objects or actions.
B) Both sound like human speech.
C) Both are related to experiences of pain.
D) Both are used to express meaning.

Accepted Answer

Cooing and babbling are early stages of language development in infants that do not represent specific objects or actions. They are more about practicing vocalization and exploring sounds.

Question 14

In the context of research by Klee & Stokes in 2011, which of the following sentences is true about receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary?
A) Children's receptive vocabulary development outpaces their expressive vocabulary development.
B) Children's receptive vocabulary develops only after their expressive vocabulary is completely developed.
C) Children's receptive vocabulary is equal to their expressive vocabulary at any given time.
D) Children's receptive vocabulary is lost if proper reinforcement is not provided, whereas expressive vocabulary is permanent.

Accepted Answer

Klee & Stokes found that children's receptive vocabulary (the words they understand) develops faster than their expressive vocabulary (the words they use). This means that children are able to understand more words than they are able to use in their own speech.

Question 15

Infants coo when they are _____.
A) hungry
B) tired
C) hurt
D) happy

Accepted Answer

Infants typically coo when they are happy or content.

Question 16

According to research by Rose et al. in the year 2012, in a continuing effort to find aspects of intelligence and cognition that might remain consistent from infancy through later childhood, a number of researchers have recently focused on _____.
A) visual recognition memory
B) genetic behavioral patterns
C) canalization
D) deferred imitation

Accepted Answer

The research by Rose et al. in 2012 focused on aspects of intelligence and cognition that might remain consistent from infancy through later childhood, and visual recognition memory was one of the aspects that they studied. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Genetic behavioral patterns and canalization are not mentioned in the context of the research, and deferred imitation is not directly related to the topic of consistency in intelligence and cognition.

Question 17

_____, such as cooing and babbling, do not represent objects or actions, so infant crying is not a primitive form of language.
A) Receptive skills
B) Nonverbal cues
C) Prelinguistic vocalizations
D) Linguistic vocalizations

Accepted Answer

Prelinguistic vocalizations, such as cooing and babbling, are sounds made by infants before they start speaking words. These sounds do not have any meaning or representation of objects or actions, so infant crying cannot be considered a primitive form of language as it is primarily used as a means of indicating a need or discomfort rather than conveying a message or communicating an idea. Nonverbal cues and receptive skills are also important aspects of language development, but they are not directly related to the question or the concept of prelinguistic vocalizations. Linguistic vocalizations, on the other hand, involve the use of words, grammar, and syntax to express ideas and convey meaning, which is a higher level of language development beyond the prelinguistic stage.

Question 18

When infants babble, they tend to produce:
A) incomplete sentences.
B) only vowel sounds.
C) complete sentences of five to six words.
D) combinations of consonants and vowels.

Accepted Answer

When infants babble, they typically produce combinations of consonants and vowels, such as "ba" or "ma." While their babbling may not be a complete sentence, it does typically involve both consonant and vowel sounds. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 19

Which of the following infants is illustrating the presence of visual recognition memory?
A) Janet laughs loudly when her mother tickles her.
B) Percy wriggles his toes when he wants his mother to pick him up and often cries if he is not picked.
C) Pierce spends more time looking at the picture of a new person rather than the familiar picture of his mother.
D) Angelica stacks blocks on top of each other to make a tower.

Accepted Answer

Pierce spends more time looking at the picture of a new person rather than the familiar picture of his mother, indicating that he is able to recognize and remember the image of his mother. This is an example of visual recognition memory. The other options do not involve recognition memory.

Question 20

Jay is a 12-month-old infant. He often starts making sounds like "ha-ba-ba-ba-ba-ha." This is an example of _____.
A) intonation
B) echolalia
C) deferred imitation
D) cooing

Accepted Answer

Echolalia is the repetition of sounds, words, or phrases, which is a normal stage in language development for infants and toddlers. Jay's repetition of sounds like "ha-ba-ba-ba-ba-ha" is an example of this.

Quiz 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development

Larry is talking to his ten-month-old son. He wants his son to call him "daddy" and he keeps repeating the word "daddy" to his son. He is delighted when his son responds with "dada." In this scenario, Larrys's son is:

The behavior rating scale in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development assesses _____.

Toward the end of the first year, infants use patterns of rising and falling _____ that resemble the sounds of adult speech.

Paul is a six-month-old baby who loves playing with his toy truck. Every time he picks his truck up, he says "ooh," and every time he drops it back on the floor he says "aah." In this scenario, Paul is:

Infants begin cooing:

Which of the following is used in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

A child is shown two objects for 20 seconds. After this, one of the objects is replaced and the infant spends more time looking at the new object. Which of the following processes does this represent?

According to research by Rose and her colleagues, it was shown that, from age to age, individual differences in capacity for visual recognition memory:

Infants use their _____ when they coo.

According to research by Susan Rose and her colleagues, higher visual recognition scores in infancy are related to:

One-month-old babies, as parents are well aware, have an unlearned but highly effective form of verbal expression that is _____.

Which of the following is a similarity between cooing and babbling?

In the context of research by Klee & Stokes in 2011, which of the following sentences is true about receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary?

Infants coo when they are _____.

According to research by Rose et al. in the year 2012, in a continuing effort to find aspects of intelligence and cognition that might remain consistent from infancy through later childhood, a number of researchers have recently focused on _____.

_____, such as cooing and babbling, do not represent objects or actions, so infant crying is not a primitive form of language.

When infants babble, they tend to produce:

Which of the following infants is illustrating the presence of visual recognition memory?

Jay is a 12-month-old infant. He often starts making sounds like "ha-ba-ba-ba-ba-ha." This is an example of _____.