Question 1

Hazel was not wearing her helmet when she had an accident on her bicycle.As she fell, her brain was punctured by a broken spoke from the wheel of her bike, causing a rupture of her brain and hemorrhaging.Hazel experiences which type of head injury?
A)concussion
B)cerebral laceration
C)contusion
D)anoxia

Accepted Answer

Hazel experienced a cerebral laceration, which occurs when the brain tissue is torn or cut due to a skull fracture or sharp object penetrating the skull. This is different from a concussion, which is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that disrupts normal brain function, but does not involve a physical injury to the brain tissue itself. Contusion is similar to cerebral laceration, but it refers specifically to a bruise on the brain rather than a tear or cut. Anoxia refers to a lack of oxygen to the brain, which can cause brain damage, but this was not the case for Hazel.

Question 2

Terrance attempts to but is unable to lick his lips or whistle.What neurocognitive symptom is Terrance demonstrating?
A)agnosia
B)aphasia
C)dementia
D)apraxia

Accepted Answer

Terrance is exhibiting difficulty in executing voluntary movements despite having intact motor and sensory function, which is consistent with apraxia. Agnosia refers to difficulty recognizing sensory input, aphasia refers to difficulty with language production or comprehension, and dementia is a broad term encompassing cognitive decline due to various underlying causes.

Question 3

The core feature of Alzheimer's disease is ____.
A)memory impairment
B)hallucinations and delusions
C)disorientation of place and time
D)acute onset of symptoms

Accepted Answer

Memory impairment is the hallmark symptom of Alzheimer's disease. In the early stages, individuals may have difficulty remembering recent events or conversations, and as the disease progresses, they may lose the ability to recognize familiar faces or perform routine tasks. Hallucinations and delusions, disorientation of place and time, and an acute onset of symptoms are not core features of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 4

A characteristic that distinguishes delirium from minor and major neurocognitive disorder is ____.
A)acute onset of symptoms
B)gradual onset of symptoms
C)decline in functioning
D)severity of symptoms

Accepted Answer

Delirium is characterized by an acute onset of symptoms, whereas major and minor neurocognitive disorders have a gradual onset of symptoms. Additionally, delirium is often reversible with proper treatment, whereas neurocognitive disorders are generally irreversible and involve a decline in cognitive functioning over time. The severity of symptoms can vary within each diagnosis and does not distinguish delirium from neurocognitive disorders.

Question 5

Marcus is 83 and has a form of aphasia that makes it difficult for him to find the words he wants to say.He developed this condition very suddenly and has experienced a steady cognitive decline.Marcus was diagnosed with minor neurocognitive disorder.What aspect of his case is unusual?
A)It is unusual for minor neurocognitive disorder to show a steady cognitive decline.
B)It is unusual for minor neurocognitive disorder to occur in someone over 80.
C)It is unusual for minor neurocognitive disorder to involve speech aphasia.
D)It is unusual for minor neurocognitive disorder to have a sudden onset.

Accepted Answer

D  Minor neurocognitive disorder typically does not show a steady cognitive decline, which is more characteristic of major neurocognitive disorders. Additionally, a sudden onset is unusual for minor neurocognitive disorder, as it typically develops gradually.

Question 6

The primary distinction between major and minor neurocognitive disorder is ____.
A)the severity of cognitive decline and related decline in independent functioning
B)the extent of the brain damage and neurochemical abnormalities
C)the use of compensatory strategies
D)there is no distinction, they are the same disorder

Accepted Answer

The primary distinction between major and minor neurocognitive disorder is the severity of cognitive decline and related decline in independent functioning. Minor neurocognitive disorder involves a modest cognitive decline that does not significantly interfere with daily functioning. In major neurocognitive disorder, the decline in cognition is severe enough to significantly affect daily functioning. The other options (B, C, D) are not accurate distinctions between major and minor neurocognitive disorder.

Question 7

Episodes of delirium are common with the ill and the elderly because ____.
A)they have less cerebral reserve and are likely to develop delirium with medical illness or surgical procedures
B)their immune systems are compromised and are likely to develop delirium with medical illness or surgical procedures
C)they are susceptible to infection-produced inflammation of tissues surrounding the brain and are likely to develop delirium with medical illness or surgical procedures
D)delirium is as common among the ill and elderly as it is in the general population

Accepted Answer

The elderly and the ill have less cerebral reserve or brain capacity, making them more prone to developing delirium with medical illness or surgical procedures. This is due to their reduced ability to cope with changes in the body's internal environment, such as changes in electrolyte levels, blood pressure, or metabolic function. Therefore, they are more susceptible to experiencing episodes of delirium.

Question 8

The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder is ____.
A)stroke
B)multi-infarct dementia
C)vascular dementia
D)Alzheimer's disease

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for approximately 60-80% of all cases.

Question 9

What is most important to survival and recovery from a traumatic brain injury?
A)immediate medical intervention
B)psychological testing
C)social support
D)optimism

Accepted Answer

Immediate medical intervention is crucial for survival and recovery from a traumatic brain injury. It helps to minimize further damage to the brain and addresses life-threatening conditions that can arise immediately after the injury.

Question 10

The prevalence of dementia for people age 65 or older is ____.
A)5% for men and 8% for women
B)11% for men and 19% for women
C)18% for men and 23% for women
D)32% for men and 44% for women

Accepted Answer

According to the Alzheimer's Association, the prevalence of dementia for people age 65 or older is 11% for men and 19% for women.

Question 11

Ian suddenly became incoherent at 3a.m.yesterday.He was agitated and unable to focus his attention and did not know where he was when taken to the hospital.After two days, the cocaine was out of his system and his cognitive functioning returned to normal.What form of neurocognitive disorder did he display?
A)none; he was experiencing withdrawal
B)minor neurocognitive disorder
C)delirium
D)traumatic brain injury

Accepted Answer

Ian's sudden onset of incoherence, agitation, inability to focus attention, and confusion about his surroundings are all indicative of delirium, which is an acute and reversible state of cognitive impairment. The fact that he had been using cocaine suggests that drug intoxication may have been the cause of his delirium. Withdrawal from cocaine typically does not cause delirium, as the symptoms usually involve depression, fatigue, and cravings rather than acute cognitive impairment. Minor neurocognitive disorder refers to a mild but persistent decline in cognitive functioning that does not meet the criteria for dementia, and traumatic brain injury would involve a specific event causing damage to the brain.

Question 12

Which of the following can cause a neurocognitive disorder?
A)ischemic stoke
B)depression
C)stress
D)aging

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can cause a...

Question 13

Because of high blood pressure, lack of physical exercise, and heavy alcohol drinking, Donald is at risk for having ____.
A)ischemic stroke
B)traumatic brain injury
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure, lack of physical exercise, and heavy alcohol drinking are all risk factors for developing ischemic stroke. The other options are not mentioned as being associated with these factors.

Question 14

When a neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant memory impairment and cognitive disturbances, or significant disturbances in planning and abstracting in thought processes, it is considered to be ____.
A)delirium
B)a major neurocognitive disorder
C)a minor neurocognitive disorder
D)a neurocognitive disorder, not otherwise specified

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5, when a neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant memory impairment and cognitive disturbances, or significant disturbances in planning and abstracting in thought processes, it is considered to be a major neurocognitive disorder. Delirium refers to a temporary state of confusion and disorientation, and a minor neurocognitive disorder is characterized by mild cognitive impairment that does not significantly affect daily functioning. A neurocognitive disorder, not otherwise specified is used when a person's symptoms do not fit the criteria for any specific neurocognitive disorder.

Question 15

Jed can see and hear normally.However, when he picks up a fork, he tries to use it as an electric shaver.This failure to recognize the use of an object is called ____.
A)agnosia
B)aphasia
C)apraxia
D)delirium

Accepted Answer

Agnosia is a condition where a person is unable to recognize and identify objects, despite having normal sensory function.

Question 16

"A physical wound or internal injury to the brain" is a definition of ____.
A)infarction
B)diaschisis
C)traumatic brain injury
D)cerebrovascular accident or stroke

Accepted Answer

A physical wound or internal injury to the brain is most commonly associated with traumatic brain injury. Infarction and stroke refer to interruption of blood flow to the brain, while diaschisis refers to changes in brain activity in areas connected to a damaged region.

Question 17

Rozee is 91years old.Her doctor suspects that she may have Parkinson's disease because ____.
A)she has hand and face tremors
B)she was recently in a vehicle accident and injured her head
C)she has become very impulsive
D)she is experiencing seizures

Accepted Answer

Hand and face tremors are a common symptom of Parkinson's disease. The other options do not necessarily indicate Parkinson's disease.

Question 18

Which statement about dementia is accurate?
A)Between 20 and 40 percent of people over age 65 have some form of dementia.
B)Dementia never involves hallucinations or delusions.
C)The prevalence of dementia decreases after age 65.
D)Dementia is associated with a wide range of disorders.

Accepted Answer

Dementia is associated with a wide range of disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and others. The other statements are incorrect: the prevalence of dementia increases with age, it can involve hallucinations or delusions, and the percentage of people over 65 with dementia is not as high as 20-40%.

Question 19

Dr.Berkins told her gerontology students that there are three major etiological categories for neurocognitive disorders listed in DSM-5.These would include specific medical conditions, substance use, and ____.
A)multiple etiologies
B)general psychological conditions
C)developmental delays
D)learning disabilities

Accepted Answer

The three major etiological categories for neurocognitive disorders listed in DSM-5 include specific medical conditions, substance use, and multiple etiologies. Therefore, the best choice for the missing category would be A) multiple etiologies. The other options (B, C, and D) are not listed as major etiological categories for neurocognitive disorders in DSM-5.

Question 20

Who has the lowest risk for developing dementia?
A)Arlene, an 85-year-old woman recovering from a hip fracture
B)Bonnie, a 70-year-old woman who recently had a stroke
C)Cora, a 35-year-old woman who injured her head in a cycling accident
D)Dora, a 35-year-old women who is being treated for heroin addiction

Accepted Answer

Age is a significant risk factor for developing dementia, so Arlene and Bonnie are at higher risk due to their older age. Dora's heroin addiction puts her at risk for brain damage, which can increase the risk of dementia. Cora is the only option who has a head injury, which can increase the risk of developing dementia later in life. However, it is important to note that having a head injury does not guarantee the development of dementia.

Quiz 13: Neurocognitive Disorders

Hazel was not wearing her helmet when she had an accident on her bicycle.As she fell, her brain was punctured by a broken spoke from the wheel of her bike, causing a rupture of her brain and hemorrhaging.Hazel experiences which type of head injury?

Terrance attempts to but is unable to lick his lips or whistle.What neurocognitive symptom is Terrance demonstrating?

The core feature of Alzheimer's disease is ____.

A characteristic that distinguishes delirium from minor and major neurocognitive disorder is ____.

Marcus is 83 and has a form of aphasia that makes it difficult for him to find the words he wants to say.He developed this condition very suddenly and has experienced a steady cognitive decline.Marcus was diagnosed with minor neurocognitive disorder.What aspect of his case is unusual?

The primary distinction between major and minor neurocognitive disorder is ____.

Episodes of delirium are common with the ill and the elderly because ____.

The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder is ____.

What is most important to survival and recovery from a traumatic brain injury?

The prevalence of dementia for people age 65 or older is ____.

Which of the following can cause a neurocognitive disorder?

Because of high blood pressure, lack of physical exercise, and heavy alcohol drinking, Donald is at risk for having ____.

When a neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant memory impairment and cognitive disturbances, or significant disturbances in planning and abstracting in thought processes, it is considered to be ____.

Jed can see and hear normally.However, when he picks up a fork, he tries to use it as an electric shaver.This failure to recognize the use of an object is called ____.

"A physical wound or internal injury to the brain" is a definition of ____.

Rozee is 91years old.Her doctor suspects that she may have Parkinson's disease because ____.

Which statement about dementia is accurate?

Dr.Berkins told her gerontology students that there are three major etiological categories for neurocognitive disorders listed in DSM-5.These would include specific medical conditions, substance use, and ____.

Who has the lowest risk for developing dementia?