Question 1

Early psychological research, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which assumption about abnormality?
A)cultural relativism
B)cultural universality
C)statistical norms
D)psychopathological

Accepted Answer

Early psychological research, particularly that by Emil Kraepelin, supported the assumption of cultural universality in abnormality. Kraepelin believed that mental disorders were universal and could occur across different cultures and societies.

Question 2

According to Thomas Szasz, ____.
A)mental illness is a fictional creation by society used to control and change people
B)the causes for most mental disorders will ultimately be found in brain pathology
C)individuals who are suffering from mental illnesses have biological diseases
D)medication is far superior to psychotherapy in reducing the suffering of individuals with mental disorders

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz is known for his belief that mental illness is a social construct and does not have a basis in biology or pathology. He argued that the concept of mental illness was used to control and change people who did not conform to societal norms.

Question 3

Thomas Szasz believes that ____.
A)unusual belief systems are not necessarily wrong
B)abnormal behavior reflects an illness
C)psychologists are better trained than other professionals to diagnose abnormality
D)people who have problems of living are suffering from mental illness

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz believed that unusual or unconventional belief systems do not necessarily indicate mental illness, and that the concept of mental illness is often used to control and classify people who are merely viewed as different or deviant from societal norms.

Question 4

The concept of ____ assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures; ____ suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures.
A)cultural universality; cultural relativism
B)cultural relativism; cultural universality
C)cultural relativism; cultural constellation
D)cultural diversity; cultural universality

Accepted Answer

Cultural universality assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures, while cultural relativism suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures.

Question 5

Jack carries on conversations with creatures only he can see in a language that no one else can understand.Jack says the creatures instruct him to crush insects that only Jack can see.Jack is experiencing ____.
A)delusions
B)discomfort
C)hallucinations
D)disorientation

Accepted Answer

Jack is experiencing hallucinations, which are perceptions in the absence of external stimuli, such as seeing creatures or hearing them speak in a language that doesn't exist to others.

Question 6

Dr.Henry conducted an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States.Dr.Henry was assessing ____.
A)the percentage of people in the United States who suffer from schizophrenia
B)the number of people in the United States who have had schizophrenia within a certain period of time
C)the total proportion of people in the United States who have ever suffered from schizophrenia
D)the age of onset for people in the United States who have schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

Dr. Henry was assessing the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia, which refers to the total proportion of people in the United States who have ever suffered from schizophrenia. This includes people who currently have schizophrenia, as well as those who have had it in the past but no longer meet the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) the total proportion of people in the United States who have ever suffered from schizophrenia.

Question 7

Headache is to ____ as delusions are to ____.
A)dysfunction; deviance
B)discomfort; deviance
C)deviance; dysfunction
D)discomfort; dysfunction

Accepted Answer

Headache is a form of discomfort, similar to how delusions are a form of deviance from normal mental processes or perceptions.

Question 8

One way to assess dysfunction is in terms of the discrepancy between ____.
A)thoughts and feelings
B)expectations and attitudes
C)cultural norms and actual behavior
D)personal potential and actual performance

Accepted Answer

Dysfunction often involves a discrepancy between an individual's personal potential and their actual performance or functioning. This may manifest in various areas such as work, personal relationships, or daily activities. Evaluating this discrepancy can help identify areas where the individual may need support or interventions to improve their functioning.

Question 9

The most fruitful approach to using multicultural criteria is to rely on ____.
A)neither cultural universality nor cultural relativism
B)the cultural relativism approach
C)the cultural universality approach
D)some combination of cultural relativism and cultural universality

Accepted Answer

Relying solely on either cultural relativism or cultural universality can lead to problems. Instead, a combination of the two approaches is most fruitful when using multicultural criteria. This allows for cultural differences to be acknowledged, while also recognizing some commonalities that may exist across cultures.

Question 10

A psychologist considers biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural dimensions when assessing behavior.This psychologist is using which model?
A)psychogenic
B)cultural universality
C)multipath
D)statistical deviance

Accepted Answer

The multipath model is a comprehensive approach to understanding behavior, which considers biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural dimensions of a person's life. By evaluating multiple pathways, the psychologist can develop a more accurate understanding of the causes of the behavior and develop a more effective treatment plan. The other options (psychogenic, cultural universality, and statistical deviance) do not encompass all of these dimensions in their approach to behavior assessment.

Question 11

Mel has the mistaken belief that his father has stolen his identity and that his mother is trying to poison him.Mel's mistaken beliefs illustrate ____.
A)delusions
B)disorientation
C)underachievement
D)hallucinations

Accepted Answer

Mel's mistaken beliefs that his father stole his identity and his mother is trying to poison him are examples of delusions, which are false beliefs that are not based in reality. Disorientation refers to confusion about one's surroundings or situation, underachievement refers to not reaching one's potential or performance goals, and hallucinations refer to experiencing sensory perceptions that are not based in reality.

Question 12

Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the 18ᵗʰ century, tries to escape to freedom.A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____.
A)has a normal desire to be free
B)suffers from drapetomania
C)suffers from an anxiety disorder
D)is expressing a statistical anomaly

Accepted Answer

In the 19th century, drapetomania was a pseudoscientific diagnosis used by some to describe the supposed mental illness that caused enslaved Africans to flee captivity.

Question 13

Sensory misperceptions, which may include hearing voices others do not hear or seeing things other do not see, are called ____.
A)dysfunctions
B)disorientations
C)delusions
D)hallucinations

Accepted Answer

Sensory misperceptions are called hallucinations. Delusions refer to false beliefs, dysfunctions may refer to general difficulties or malfunctions in behavior or thought processes, and disorientations usually refer to confusion or disorientation in terms of time, place, or surroundings.

Question 14

Teresa, normally an energetic mother of three small children, is suddenly unable to go shopping, prepare meals, or even dress her children.Teresa's behavior illustrates the practical definition of abnormality called ____.
A)disorientation
B)discomfort
C)dysfunction
D)deviance

Accepted Answer

The practical definition of abnormality called dysfunction refers to behavior that interferes with a person's ability to function in daily life. Teresa's inability to perform basic tasks like shopping and dressing her children suggests dysfunction, which is a defining characteristic of abnormal behavior according to this definition.

Question 15

Juanita visits a mental health center.She complains that her fatigue, anxiety, and inability to sleep keep her from enjoying life.If her symptoms are considered a form of abnormal behavior, it is because she is showing ____.
A)delusions and hallucinations
B)dysfunction
C)disorientation
D)deviation from the norm

Accepted Answer

Dysfunction is the criteria used to determine abnormal behavior, which refers to behavior that interferes with a person's everyday life, such as Juanita's fatigue, anxiety, and inability to sleep. Options A, C, and D are not applicable in this scenario as they relate to other criteria for abnormal behavior.

Question 16

"You must understand the values and expectations of the society in which behavior occurs before you decide that abnormality exists." This quote best reflects which view of abnormality?
A)traditional
B)cultural relativism
C)epidemiological
D)cultural universality

Accepted Answer

The quote emphasizes the importance of considering the cultural context when assessing abnormality, which aligns with the cultural relativism view of abnormality. This view notes that what is considered abnormal may differ across cultures and contexts, and that cultural factors must be taken into account when making judgments about behavior.

Question 17

During a diagnostic interview, a psychiatrist asks the client if he or she knows what day it is, what his or her name is, and where he or she is.These questions are designed to assess ____.
A)disorientation
B)discomfort
C)subjective distress
D)dysfunction

Accepted Answer

The questions about day, name, and location are designed to assess whether the client is oriented to their surroundings. Disorientation, or confusion about these factors, could indicate a cognitive or neurological issue.

Question 18

Dr.Karlin specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships.She focuses on which criterion of abnormality?
A)distress
B)deviance
C)dangerousness
D)dysfunction

Accepted Answer

Dr. Karlin's focus on clients whose emotional problems interfere with their daily functioning suggests that she is using the criterion of dysfunction, which refers to behavior or emotions that interfere with one's ability to function in daily life. The other criteria listed (distress, deviance, and dangerousness) do not necessarily imply a lack of functioning.

Question 19

The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders.It is called the ____.
A)International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
B)Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
C)Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)
D)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Accepted Answer

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a classification system used by the World Health Organization for both physical and mental health disorders. The Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) is a drug reference guide for healthcare professionals. The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) is an alternative to the DSM and emphasizes psychodynamic and psychoanalytic concepts in diagnosing psychological disorders.

Question 20

"A behavior pattern in an individual that is associated with distress or disability, and is not merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses" would be considered consistent with the definition of abnormal behavior of ____.
A)humanistic psychologists
B)the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
C)cultural relativists
D)the National Institute of Mental Health

Accepted Answer

The definition provided matches the criteria for identifying and diagnosing abnormal behavior according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is used widely by mental health professionals in the United States and other countries. The other options are either unrelated or do not provide a specific criteria for abnormal behavior.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behavior

Early psychological research, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which assumption about abnormality?

According to Thomas Szasz, ____.

Thomas Szasz believes that ____.

The concept of assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures; suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures.

Jack carries on conversations with creatures only he can see in a language that no one else can understand.Jack says the creatures instruct him to crush insects that only Jack can see.Jack is experiencing ____.

Dr.Henry conducted an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States.Dr.Henry was assessing ____.

Headache is to as delusions are to .

One way to assess dysfunction is in terms of the discrepancy between ____.

The most fruitful approach to using multicultural criteria is to rely on ____.

A psychologist considers biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural dimensions when assessing behavior.This psychologist is using which model?

Mel has the mistaken belief that his father has stolen his identity and that his mother is trying to poison him.Mel's mistaken beliefs illustrate ____.

Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the 18ᵗʰ century, tries to escape to freedom.A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____.

Sensory misperceptions, which may include hearing voices others do not hear or seeing things other do not see, are called ____.

Teresa, normally an energetic mother of three small children, is suddenly unable to go shopping, prepare meals, or even dress her children.Teresa's behavior illustrates the practical definition of abnormality called ____.

Juanita visits a mental health center.She complains that her fatigue, anxiety, and inability to sleep keep her from enjoying life.If her symptoms are considered a form of abnormal behavior, it is because she is showing ____.

"You must understand the values and expectations of the society in which behavior occurs before you decide that abnormality exists." This quote best reflects which view of abnormality?

During a diagnostic interview, a psychiatrist asks the client if he or she knows what day it is, what his or her name is, and where he or she is.These questions are designed to assess ____.

Dr.Karlin specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships.She focuses on which criterion of abnormality?

The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders.It is called the ____.

"A behavior pattern in an individual that is associated with distress or disability, and is not merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses" would be considered consistent with the definition of abnormal behavior of ____.