Question 1

Define the following terms
-coding frame

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-coding frame...

Question 2

Coding for implicit meanings like emotions,themes,and moods is a feature of
A) coding frames.
B) manifest coding.
C) structured observation.
D) latent coding.
E) frequency coding.

Accepted Answer

Latent coding involves analyzing data for hidden or implicit meanings, such as emotions, themes, and moods. This type of coding goes beyond surface-level observations (manifest coding) and involves looking for underlying patterns and relationships. Coding frames, structured observation, and frequency coding are all types of coding methods, but they do not specifically address implicit meanings.

Question 3

Define the following terms
-content

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-content...

Question 4

Graduate student Karen Koolray submitted her MA thesis to her supervisor.When Karen's supervisor returned her thesis,it contained a margin note that indicated Karen had committed the fallacy of misplaced concreteness.Which of the following points in Karen's paper was this criticism most likely referring to?
A) The conclusion that undergraduate research textbooks reinforce sexist assumptions about intellectuals
B) The observation that female researchers' work is referenced in undergraduate research textbooks 18.364928 percent less than male researchers' work
C) The claim that undergraduate research textbooks can be studied with only existing statistics
D) The claims that approximately 308 undergraduate research textbooks are published each year and that this will not change for at least 10 years
E) The assumption that data from the international Learning Materials Survey accurately represents the content of undergraduate research methods textbooks

Accepted Answer

The answer of Graduate student Karen Koolray submitted her MA...

Question 5

An example of a problem with existing statistics can occur when a researcher defines a concept such as unemployment in one way but the available statistical information gathered by a government agency uses a different definition.What type of problem can this create?
A) A problem of validity
B) A problem of misplaced concreteness
C) A problem of missing data
D) A problem of reliability
E) A problem of inference

Accepted Answer

This is a problem of validity because the researcher's definition of unemployment may not be accurately measured by the available statistical information, which uses a different definition. Validity refers to the extent to which a measure accurately measures the concept it is intended to measure.

Question 6

Jane Jenzen is interested in how members of three different ethnic groups are portrayed in Time,Newsweek,and Maclean's magazines.She is only interested in considering feature articles containing news and stories about ethnic groups.After examining the three magazines,she finds that the average issue of each magazine contains 45 articles and that the magazines are published 52 weeks per year,yielding 23 400 articles.She decides to limit the number of articles to 156 articles per magazine-468 articles in total,or 2 percent.What is Jenzen's unit of analysis?
A) All articles in Time, Newsweek, and Maclean's for the years 2000 to 2010
B) Each individual article
C) All 23 400 articles
D) 468 articles
E) 2 percent of 23 400 articles

Accepted Answer

Jenzen's unit of analysis is each individual article, as she is interested in analyzing how members of three different ethnic groups are portrayed in feature articles in the three magazines. She limits the number of articles to 156 per magazine, meaning she only wants to analyze a subset of the total articles. Therefore, the unit of analysis is the individual article.

Question 7

Which of the following terms describes a measure of social well-being,such as "quality of social life," for the purpose of better informing government and other policymaking officials?
A) Inference
B) Census
C) Social indicator
D) The Data Liberation Initiative (IDL)
E) Social trend

Accepted Answer

A social indicator is a measure of social well-being or quality of life, used to inform policymakers and government officials. Inference refers to drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning, while a census is a count of a population. The Data Liberation Initiative (IDL) is a program aimed at providing academic researchers with access to Canadian social science data. Social trend refers to changes in attitudes, behaviors, or patterns within a society.

Question 8

The most notable general source of statistical information for Canada is the
A) Gallup poll.
B) Demographic Yearbook.
C) World Book Encyclopaedia.
D) Superintendent of Documents.
E) Canada Year Book.

Accepted Answer

The Canada Year Book is a comprehensive reference book for current statistical information on Canada, including data on population, economy, geography, and social issues. It is published annually by Statistics Canada and is widely recognized as the most authoritative general source of statistical information for Canada.

Question 9

Define the following terms
-coding

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-coding...

Question 10

When must a researcher who uses several coders measure for and disclose intercoder reliability?
A) Always
B) When the researcher's sample is heterogeneous and different coders are analyzing different sources of data
C) When the researcher's sample is homogenious and different coders are analyzing the same or similar sources of data
D) When interviewer effects are present
E) The decision is up to the discretion of the researcher

Accepted Answer

Intercoder reliability should always be measured and disclosed when multiple coders are used in a study to ensure the consistency and reliability of the data analysis. It is important to establish that different coders are interpreting the data in a consistent and reliable manner.

Question 11

During the 1960s,which movement was led by dissatisfied social scientists wanting to measure the quality of social life so such information could influence public policy?
A) General social survey movement
B) Well-being statistics movement
C) Quality of life movement
D) Census movement
E) Social indicators movement

Accepted Answer

The Social Indicators Movement was led by dissatisfied social scientists in the 1960s who wanted to measure the quality of social life so that such information could influence public policy. They aimed to develop quantitative measures of social phenomena that could provide a more comprehensive understanding of well-being and quality of life.

Question 12

Define the following terms
-coding system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-coding system...

Question 13

Professor John Juniper was interested in using Statistics Canada data to examine trends in Canadian unemployment rates over the last 40 years; however,he found that the official definition of "unemployment" used to collect unemployment statistics differed from year to year.Which of the following issues complicates matters for him?
A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Ecological fallacy
D) Ideal types
E) The coding frame is invalid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professor John Juniper was interested in using...

Question 14

Pete Patterson is interested in how mayoral candidates from different parties were presented in local newspapers during the 10-week campaign period of the last municipal election in his town.Each paper published five issues per week throughout the 10-week period.Each of the 150 issues contained an average of 42 articles,giving Pete a total of 6 300 articles.Due to budget and time constraints,Pete decides to sample 630 of the articles.What is Pete's sampling frame?
A) The 150 issues of the three local newspapers
B) Each individual article
C) All 6 300 articles
D) 630 articles
E) 10 percent of 6 300 articles

Accepted Answer

The sampling frame is the entire set of items from which a sample is drawn, which in this case is all 6,300 articles.

Question 15

Define the following terms
-accretion measures

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-accretion measures...

Question 16

Existing statistics are best for topics
A) where the researcher controls a situation and manipulates an independent variable.
B) that involve the underlying meaning of messages in cultural communications.
C) where the researcher asks questions and learns about reported attitudes or behaviour.
D) that involve information routinely collected by large bureaucratic organizations.
E) directly related to a research question.

Accepted Answer

Existing statistics are best suited for topics that involve information routinely collected by large bureaucratic organizations. This is because these organizations have established data collection processes and systems in place that generate reliable and valid data on a regular basis. The researcher can then use these data to answer research questions and test hypotheses, without having to conduct time-consuming and expensive data collection on their own.

Question 17

Which of the following features best describes why secondary data analysis is increasingly used by researchers?
A) It permits the researcher to closely observe people in routine, everyday interactions.
B) It allows the researcher to ask participants questions that are specifically related to the research topic.
C) The researcher knows the data very well because he or she has designed the survey questions and then collected the data.
D) It is relatively inexpensive.
E) Secondary data allows the researcher to manipulate the information so that it can more accurately be applied to his or her study.

Accepted Answer

Secondary data analysis is increasingly popular among researchers because it is relatively inexpensive. Secondary data can be obtained from existing sources, such as government databases, which eliminates the need for researchers to collect new data. This can save both time and money, making secondary data analysis an attractive option for researchers working with limited resources.

Question 18

Examining wear and tear of exercise equipment in a fitness centre to determine which sorts of exercises members are most inclined to engage in is an example of which type of nonreactive measure?
A) Accretion
B) Running records
C) External appearance
D) Erosion
E) Time duration

Accepted Answer

Erosion is the gradual reduction of something by natural processes, such as wear and tear on exercise equipment caused by members using it regularly. Examining this wear and tear can provide insight into which types of exercises are more commonly practiced. Accretion refers to the buildup or growth of something, running records refer to ongoing documentation, external appearance refers to the visible condition of the equipment, and time duration refers to the length of time an activity takes.

Question 19

Undergraduate student Stanley Sleuth conducted a content analysis study of the Toronto Star newspaper between 1915 and 2005.He first identified 20 000 relevant articles involving government regulation of business and systematically sampled these articles with a sampling interval of 50.He then coded each sampled article based on the subjective meaning it expressed as pro- or anti-government regulation using a 1 to 10 scale (1 = very anti-regulation,10 = very pro-regulation).In this study,Stanley used
A) latent coding.
B) manifest coding.
C) generic coding.
D) intervention strategy coding.
E) contingency coding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Undergraduate student Stanley Sleuth conducted a content...

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between direction and intensity?
A) Direction is where something fits on a continuum, while intensity pertains to how often messages pertain to different points on the continuum.
B) Direction is where something fits on a continuum, while intensity is the strength or power of a message in a direction.
C) Direction is a measure of interval variables, while intensity is a measure of categorical variables.
D) Direction pertains to the overall character of a sample frame, while intensity pertains to the level of agreement or divergence of each element from the overall direction.
E) Measures of direction involve value judgments, while measures of intensity do not.

Accepted Answer

Direction refers to the position of something on a continuum or scale, while intensity refers to the strength or power of something in a particular direction. For example, the direction of political views could range from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, while the intensity of someone's political beliefs could be measured by the strength of their convictions and their willingness to take action based on those beliefs. Thus, choice B is the best description of the relationship between direction and intensity.

Quiz 10: Nonreactive Quantitative Research and Secondary Analysis

Define the following terms -coding frame

Coding for implicit meanings like emotions,themes,and moods is a feature of

Define the following terms -content

An example of a problem with existing statistics can occur when a researcher defines a concept such as unemployment in one way but the available statistical information gathered by a government agency uses a different definition.What type of problem can this create?

Which of the following terms describes a measure of social well-being,such as "quality of social life," for the purpose of better informing government and other policymaking officials?

The most notable general source of statistical information for Canada is the

Define the following terms -coding

When must a researcher who uses several coders measure for and disclose intercoder reliability?

During the 1960s,which movement was led by dissatisfied social scientists wanting to measure the quality of social life so such information could influence public policy?

Define the following terms -coding system

Define the following terms -accretion measures

Existing statistics are best for topics

Which of the following features best describes why secondary data analysis is increasingly used by researchers?

Examining wear and tear of exercise equipment in a fitness centre to determine which sorts of exercises members are most inclined to engage in is an example of which type of nonreactive measure?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between direction and intensity?