Question 1

According to Lehman, individuals who engage in creative work are most likely to produce the highest volume of highest quality work at later years.

Accepted Answer

Lehman's studies on creativity suggest that individuals tend to produce their most significant work in their late 30s to early 40s, and not in their later years.

Question 2

Lehman asserts that the modal age at which creative thinkers, leaders, and athletes have reached their peak performance has gradually increased.

Accepted Answer

Lehman's assertion is that the modal age of peak performance has gradually increased, meaning that more people are reaching their peak at later ages than in the past.

Question 3

When it comes to the effects of aging on learning and memory, there are many individual differences, or "heterogeneity."

Accepted Answer

There are many factors that influence how aging affects learning and memory, such as genetics, lifestyle, and health status, which can result in significant variability among individuals. Therefore, the heterogeneity of aging's effect on cognition is a well-established phenomenon.

Question 4

Dennis argues that Lehman's methodology is flawed.

Accepted Answer

Dennis believes that Lehman's methodology is flawed.

Question 5

Wisdom is considered to be most like crystallized intelligence and not fluid intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Wisdom involves applying knowledge and experience to real-world situations, which is more similar to crystallized intelligence that involves acquired knowledge and skills, rather than fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving abilities and adaptability to new situations.

Question 6

Data summarized by Lehman suggest that the modal ages of peak creativity tend to rise slowly until the mid-30s and then decline rapidly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Data summarized by Lehman suggest that the...

Question 7

Fluid intelligence refers to ______.
A) intelligence accumulated from past experience and socialization
B) intelligence that is measured on a verbal and a performance scale
C) pragmatic or social judgment
D) intelligence applied to new tasks or the ability to come up with novel or creative solutions to unforeseen problems
E) none of these

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve new or novel problems and come up with creative solutions rather than relying on accumulated knowledge or past experiences.

Question 8

Cross-sectional studies of intelligence may reveal differences between young and old people that do not arise from age but from characteristics of different cohorts, including which of the following?
A) Young people are more familiar than old people with test taking.
B) Old people show more test anxiety than young people.
C) Some old people accept the prejudices of ageism and believe that intelligence declines with age.
D) Young people are less cautious than old people and may be more likely to guess at the answer on tests of intelligence.
E) All of these.

Accepted Answer

All of the given options are possible reasons why cross-sectional studies of intelligence may reveal differences between young and old people that do not arise from age but from characteristics of different cohorts. Young people may perform better in intelligence tests simply because they are more familiar with test-taking or are less cautious while answering. In contrast, older people may perform worse if they have accepted the ageist prejudice that intelligence declines with age or show more test anxiety.

Question 9

Findings from recent research on the aging brain suggest which of the following might be true?
A) The brain retains its capacity for making new memories.
B) The brain is more flexible than once thought.
C) Some aging changes in the brain are reversible.
D) Older brains process information in a different way than younger brains.
E) All of these.

Accepted Answer

Recent research on the aging brain suggests that all of the options listed in the question might be true. The brain appears to retain its capacity for making new memories, and it is more flexible than previously believed. Some of the changes that occur in the aging brain may be reversible with proper interventions. Additionally, older brains may process information differently than younger brains. The exact nature of these differences is still being explored by researchers, but the evidence suggests that a combination of factors contributes to the changes that occur with age.

Question 10

Intelligence has potential for growth even at advanced ages.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that intelligence can continue to develop and strengthen throughout a person's life, even into advanced ages. This is due to the brain's ability to change and adapt through a process called neuroplasticity. Factors such as continued learning, challenging mental activities, and healthy lifestyle habits can all contribute to improved cognitive functioning in older adults.

Question 11

According to Lehman, the modal age of leaders (e.g., presidents of American colleges and universities, Supreme Court justices) is greater than that of other highly successful professionals and athletes.

Accepted Answer

Lehman states that the modal age of leaders is greater than that of other highly successful professionals and athletes.

Question 12

Crystallized intelligence refers to ______.
A) intelligence accumulated from past experience and socialization
B) intelligence that is measured on a verbal and a performance scale
C) pragmatic or social judgment
D) intelligence applied to new tasks or the ability to come up with novel or creative solutions to unforeseen problems
E) none of these

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge and skills that come from prior learning and experience. It involves the ability to retrieve information, apply previously learned information to current problems, and understand relationships among concepts. It is often measured by tests of vocabulary, general knowledge, and comprehension of reading materials.

Question 13

According to the results of cross-sectional studies, on average older people learn new things more slowly than younger people because ______.
A) Older people lack practice.
B) Older and younger people have different learning styles.
C) Older people may be less motivated to learn new things than younger people.
D) Reaction time is slower in older people compared to younger people.
E) All of these.

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed could potentially be factors in why older people may learn new things more slowly than younger people. Older people may have less opportunity to practice new skills, may have different learning styles than younger individuals, and may have lower motivation to learn new things. Additionally, reaction time tends to slow down with age, which can also contribute to slower learning.

Question 14

As a group, older people take longer than younger people to learn new things.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that as people age, their ability to learn new things may decline. This can be due to a variety of factors, including changes in the brain and decreased cognitive flexibility. However, it's important to note that individual differences exist and not all older people experience a decline in learning ability.

Question 15

Most gerontologists would agree that wisdom inevitably results from aging.

Accepted Answer

While many people do gain wisdom with age, it is not an inevitable outcome of aging. Wisdom is a complex and multifaceted construct that can be influenced by many factors, including education, life experiences, cultural values, and personal beliefs. Some older adults may become wiser as they age, while others may not experience any significant increases in wisdom. Additionally, it is possible for individuals of any age to demonstrate qualities of wisdom, such as emotional regulation, empathy, and reflective thinking.

Question 16

The Seattle Longitudinal Study and other research on cognitive function found that the largest average declines in intelligence come after age 60 but that intellectual decline in later life may be reversed.

Accepted Answer

The Seattle Longitudinal Study and other research have indeed found that the largest average declines in intelligence come after age 60, but they have also suggested that intellectual decline in later life may be reversible through interventions such as cognitive training and education.

Question 17

Dennis argues that Lehman (Age and Achievement) may have introduced bias into his study by ______.
A) using as a criterion for inclusion of a work as a "significant contribution" the appearance of the work in lists of "best" books, "best" operas, and so on
B) assessing the importance of work done over several decades, which assumes that standards of excellence in all fields do not change
C) failing to acknowledge that the number of creative workers in all fields has greatly increased, thereby substantially increasing the competition among younger creative workers
D) all of these
E) a and b

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (A, B, and C) describe potential biases that could affect the study's outcomes, making D the correct choice.

Question 18

Dennis agrees with Lehman that the output of high-quality creative work peaks in middle age, followed by an inevitable decline.

Accepted Answer

Dennis actually argues against Lehman's claim, suggesting that the peak of creative output does not necessarily occur in middle age and that significant contributions can be made at various ages.

Question 19

Research on age and cognitive function has found that the personality changes through adulthood, particularly in response to health problems, economic hardships, and bereavement.

Accepted Answer

Research on age and cognitive function primarily focuses on changes in cognitive abilities rather than personality changes. While personality can evolve over time, the core aspects of personality are relatively stable across adulthood, and changes are not solely attributed to cognitive function but to a broader range of life experiences.

Question 20

The view that intelligence and creativity decline with age is widely shared.

Accepted Answer

The view that intelligence and creativity decline with age is widely shared.

Quiz 3: Do Intelligence and Creativity Decline With

According to Lehman, individuals who engage in creative work are most likely to produce the highest volume of highest quality work at later years.

Lehman asserts that the modal age at which creative thinkers, leaders, and athletes have reached their peak performance has gradually increased.

When it comes to the effects of aging on learning and memory, there are many individual differences, or "heterogeneity."

Dennis argues that Lehman's methodology is flawed.

Wisdom is considered to be most like crystallized intelligence and not fluid intelligence.

Data summarized by Lehman suggest that the modal ages of peak creativity tend to rise slowly until the mid-30s and then decline rapidly.

Fluid intelligence refers to ______.

Cross-sectional studies of intelligence may reveal differences between young and old people that do not arise from age but from characteristics of different cohorts, including which of the following?

Findings from recent research on the aging brain suggest which of the following might be true?

Intelligence has potential for growth even at advanced ages.

According to Lehman, the modal age of leaders (e.g., presidents of American colleges and universities, Supreme Court justices) is greater than that of other highly successful professionals and athletes.

Crystallized intelligence refers to ______.

According to the results of cross-sectional studies, on average older people learn new things more slowly than younger people because ______.

As a group, older people take longer than younger people to learn new things.

Most gerontologists would agree that wisdom inevitably results from aging.

The Seattle Longitudinal Study and other research on cognitive function found that the largest average declines in intelligence come after age 60 but that intellectual decline in later life may be reversed.

Dennis argues that Lehman (Age and Achievement) may have introduced bias into his study by ______.

Dennis agrees with Lehman that the output of high-quality creative work peaks in middle age, followed by an inevitable decline.

Research on age and cognitive function has found that the personality changes through adulthood, particularly in response to health problems, economic hardships, and bereavement.

The view that intelligence and creativity decline with age is widely shared.