Question 1

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)who is being admitted to the hospital with dehydration.Which action by the nurse is appropriate when the child arrives to the care area?
A) Take the child on a tour of the pediatric unit.
B) Take the child to the playroom for arts and crafts.
C) Quietly orient the child to a single-bed hospital room.
D) Orient the child to a four-bed unit.

Accepted Answer

A) Orienting a child with autism to a new environment is important, although this must be done in a quiet, controlled environment. A single room is the best place for an autistic child if the child must be hospitalized. Taking a child with autism on a tour of the pediatric unit would be too much stimulation for this child. Arts and crafts might be appropriate for an autistic child if done in the child's room, but going to the playroom would be too much stimulation for this child. An autistic child should be in a single room, if possible, away from distractions.
B) Orienting a child with autism to a new environment is important, although this must be done in a quiet, controlled environment. A single room is the best place for an autistic child if the child must be hospitalized. Taking a child with autism on a tour of the pediatric unit would be too much stimulation for this child. Arts and crafts might be appropriate for an autistic child if done in the child's room, but going to the playroom would be too much stimulation for this child. An autistic child should be in a single room, if possible, away from distractions.
C) Orienting a child with autism to a new environment is important, although this must be done in a quiet, controlled environment. A single room is the best place for an autistic child if the child must be hospitalized. Taking a child with autism on a tour of the pediatric unit would be too much stimulation for this child. Arts and crafts might be appropriate for an autistic child if done in the child's room, but going to the playroom would be too much stimulation for this child. An autistic child should be in a single room, if possible, away from distractions.
D) Orienting a child with autism to a new environment is important, although this must be done in a quiet, controlled environment. A single room is the best place for an autistic child if the child must be hospitalized. Taking a child with autism on a tour of the pediatric unit would be too much stimulation for this child. Arts and crafts might be appropriate for an autistic child if done in the child's room, but going to the playroom would be too much stimulation for this child. An autistic child should be in a single room, if possible, away from distractions.

Question 2

After completing an assessment,the nurse is concerned that a pregnant client is at risk for having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which characteristics should the nurse recognize as increasing the risk for having a child with ASD? Select all that apply.
A) Employed as a computer operator
B) Smokes 1 ppd of cigarettes
C) Drinks 2 glasses of wine on the weekends
D) Age 40
E) Rides a stationary bicycle four times a week for 30 minutes

Accepted Answer

A) Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
B) Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
C) Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
D) Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism.
E) Determining risk for autism is difficult; however, some factors appear to be linked. A maternal age of 40 or older increases the risk that a child will be born with autism. Maternal smoking or the use of alcohol during pregnancy also increases rates of autism. Employment status and exercise level are not risk factors for the development of autism

Question 3

A community health nurse is educating pregnant clients about the prenatal causes and risk factors associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Which statement will the nurse include in the educational session?
A) "ADHD has not been linked to prenatal exposure or disease."
B) "ADHD has been linked to a specific gene, and genetic testing may help to diagnose this."
C) "ADHD has been linked to prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke."
D) "ADHD has been linked to childhood exposure to folate."

Accepted Answer

A) Although ADHD has not been linked to a specific gene, the disorder has been linked to prenatal exposure or disease. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk for the child to develop ADHD. ADHD has been linked to childhood exposure to lead, not folate.
B) Although ADHD has not been linked to a specific gene, the disorder has been linked to prenatal exposure or disease. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk for the child to develop ADHD. ADHD has been linked to childhood exposure to lead, not folate.
C) Although ADHD has not been linked to a specific gene, the disorder has been linked to prenatal exposure or disease. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk for the child to develop ADHD. ADHD has been linked to childhood exposure to lead, not folate.
D) Although ADHD has not been linked to a specific gene, the disorder has been linked to prenatal exposure or disease. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk for the child to develop ADHD. ADHD has been linked to childhood exposure to lead, not folate.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a client prescribed baclofen (Lioresal)for cerebral palsy (CP).The client's parents speak very little English and the nurse plans to use an interpreter to teach the parents about the medication.Which instructions should the nurse emphasize during client teaching?
A) "It is important that your child take the medication as prescribed. Do not stop the medication abruptly."
B) "Do not give your child any aspirin-type drugs while on this medication."
C) "It is important for your child to take the medication on an empty stomach."
D) "You will need to increase your child's intake of fiber while on this medication."

Accepted Answer

A) Stopping the drug abruptly may result in withdrawal symptoms. Baclofen (Lioresal) should be taken with food to lessen gastrointestinal (GI) irritation. An increase in the intake of fiber is not necessary with baclofen (Lioresal). There is no contraindication to the use of baclofen (Lioresal) with aspirin-like drugs.
B) Stopping the drug abruptly may result in withdrawal symptoms. Baclofen (Lioresal) should be taken with food to lessen gastrointestinal (GI) irritation. An increase in the intake of fiber is not necessary with baclofen (Lioresal). There is no contraindication to the use of baclofen (Lioresal) with aspirin-like drugs.
C) Stopping the drug abruptly may result in withdrawal symptoms. Baclofen (Lioresal) should be taken with food to lessen gastrointestinal (GI) irritation. An increase in the intake of fiber is not necessary with baclofen (Lioresal). There is no contraindication to the use of baclofen (Lioresal) with aspirin-like drugs.
D) Stopping the drug abruptly may result in withdrawal symptoms. Baclofen (Lioresal) should be taken with food to lessen gastrointestinal (GI) irritation. An increase in the intake of fiber is not necessary with baclofen (Lioresal). There is no contraindication to the use of baclofen (Lioresal) with aspirin-like drugs.

Question 5

The nurse is planning care for a child who is diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP).What are appropriate nursing diagnoses for this child? Select all that apply.
A) Impaired Mobility
B) Risk for Injury
C) Anxiety
D) Caregiver Role Strain
E) Deficient Diversional Activity

Accepted Answer

A) The child with cerebral palsy will demonstrate poor social skills; therefore Deficient Diversional Activity would be an appropriate diagnosis for the child, not the family. The child with CP is more likely to have impaired mobility. Risk for Injury may be an appropriate diagnosis for the child with CP depending on the type and severity. The parent will experience anxiety and caregiver role strain.
B) The child with cerebral palsy will demonstrate poor social skills; therefore Deficient Diversional Activity would be an appropriate diagnosis for the child, not the family. The child with CP is more likely to have impaired mobility. Risk for Injury may be an appropriate diagnosis for the child with CP depending on the type and severity. The parent will experience anxiety and caregiver role strain.
C) The child with cerebral palsy will demonstrate poor social skills; therefore Deficient Diversional Activity would be an appropriate diagnosis for the child, not the family. The child with CP is more likely to have impaired mobility. Risk for Injury may be an appropriate diagnosis for the child with CP depending on the type and severity. The parent will experience anxiety and caregiver role strain.
D) The child with cerebral palsy will demonstrate poor social skills; therefore Deficient Diversional Activity would be an appropriate diagnosis for the child, not the family. The child with CP is more likely to have impaired mobility. Risk for Injury may be an appropriate diagnosis for the child with CP depending on the type and severity. The parent will experience anxiety and caregiver role strain.
E) The child with cerebral palsy will demonstrate poor social skills; therefore Deficient Diversional Activity would be an appropriate diagnosis for the child, not the family. The child with CP is more likely to have impaired mobility. Risk for Injury may be an appropriate diagnosis for the child with CP depending on the type and severity. The parent will experience anxiety and caregiver role strain.

Question 6

A nurse working in labor and delivery is teaching a group of pregnant clients about maternal risk factors associated with increased risk of the development of cerebral palsy (CP).Which statements will the nurse include? Select all that apply.
A) "Increased risk for CP occurs in women older than 35 and younger than 20."
B) "Increased risk for CP occurs in mothers and fathers of African-American decent."
C) "Increased risk for CP occurs in first-born children and in children born after the fourth child."
D) "Increased risk for CP occurs in children who are born prematurely."

Accepted Answer

A) Increased risk for CP occurs in mothers and fathers of African-American decent and in children who are born prematurely. There is also an increased risk for CP in first-born children and in children born after the fourth child. Risk for CP increases after a women is older than 40, not 35.
B) Increased risk for CP occurs in mothers and fathers of African-American decent and in children who are born prematurely. There is also an increased risk for CP in first-born children and in children born after the fourth child. Risk for CP increases after a women is older than 40, not 35.
C) Increased risk for CP occurs in mothers and fathers of African-American decent and in children who are born prematurely. There is also an increased risk for CP in first-born children and in children born after the fourth child. Risk for CP increases after a women is older than 40, not 35.
D) Increased risk for CP occurs in mothers and fathers of African-American decent and in children who are born prematurely. There is also an increased risk for CP in first-born children and in children born after the fourth child. Risk for CP increases after a women is older than 40, not 35.

Question 7

The parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)observe that the child has difficulty making friends and are concerned about social expectations for their child.Which is the priority diagnosis for this child based on the parent's concern?
A) Ineffective Coping
B) Deficient Diversional Activity
C) Social Isolation
D) Impaired Social Interaction

Accepted Answer

A) The parents want to know what the social expectations for their child are. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves difficulties in the quality of both the social interactions and the communication of the child. In social interactions, the child may have problems making eye contact, developing appropriate peer relationships, and spontaneously seeking out shared enjoyment with other people, or the child may show no social or emotional reciprocity. When overaroused by sensations (internal or external), the individual with ASD reacts as if the stimulus is irritating or even threatening. Children with ASD may shut down or try to get away from the stimulus by screaming, covering their ears, or running away. Often they are overly sensitive to sounds, tastes, smells, and sights, may prefer soft clothing and certain foods, and may be bothered by sounds or sights no one else hears or sees. At other times, they may be oblivious to what is occurring in the environment. The parents did not ask about social isolation and diversional activity. These are nursing diagnoses, not client needs.
B) The parents want to know what the social expectations for their child are. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves difficulties in the quality of both the social interactions and the communication of the child. In social interactions, the child may have problems making eye contact, developing appropriate peer relationships, and spontaneously seeking out shared enjoyment with other people, or the child may show no social or emotional reciprocity. When overaroused by sensations (internal or external), the individual with ASD reacts as if the stimulus is irritating or even threatening. Children with ASD may shut down or try to get away from the stimulus by screaming, covering their ears, or running away. Often they are overly sensitive to sounds, tastes, smells, and sights, may prefer soft clothing and certain foods, and may be bothered by sounds or sights no one else hears or sees. At other times, they may be oblivious to what is occurring in the environment. The parents did not ask about social isolation and diversional activity. These are nursing diagnoses, not client needs.
C) The parents want to know what the social expectations for their child are. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves difficulties in the quality of both the social interactions and the communication of the child. In social interactions, the child may have problems making eye contact, developing appropriate peer relationships, and spontaneously seeking out shared enjoyment with other people, or the child may show no social or emotional reciprocity. When overaroused by sensations (internal or external), the individual with ASD reacts as if the stimulus is irritating or even threatening. Children with ASD may shut down or try to get away from the stimulus by screaming, covering their ears, or running away. Often they are overly sensitive to sounds, tastes, smells, and sights, may prefer soft clothing and certain foods, and may be bothered by sounds or sights no one else hears or sees. At other times, they may be oblivious to what is occurring in the environment. The parents did not ask about social isolation and diversional activity. These are nursing diagnoses, not client needs.
D) The parents want to know what the social expectations for their child are. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves difficulties in the quality of both the social interactions and the communication of the child. In social interactions, the child may have problems making eye contact, developing appropriate peer relationships, and spontaneously seeking out shared enjoyment with other people, or the child may show no social or emotional reciprocity. When overaroused by sensations (internal or external), the individual with ASD reacts as if the stimulus is irritating or even threatening. Children with ASD may shut down or try to get away from the stimulus by screaming, covering their ears, or running away. Often they are overly sensitive to sounds, tastes, smells, and sights, may prefer soft clothing and certain foods, and may be bothered by sounds or sights no one else hears or sees. At other times, they may be oblivious to what is occurring in the environment. The parents did not ask about social isolation and diversional activity. These are nursing diagnoses, not client needs.

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The client's healthcare provider has prescribed amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall)to treat the child's disorder.Which statement regarding the use of the medication is appropriate for the nurse to include in the medication teaching?
A) "Your child's liver function should be monitored with this medication."
B) "Your child's growth may be delayed with this medication."
C) "This medication may increase the risk of psychosis."
D) "This medication has less abuse tendency because it is not a stimulant."

Accepted Answer

A) Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall), a psychostimulant, may delay the child's growth and height should be monitored frequently. Liver function should be monitored with nonstimulant medications, not stimulants. Nonstimulants, not stimulants, may increase the risk of psychosis.
B) Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall), a psychostimulant, may delay the child's growth and height should be monitored frequently. Liver function should be monitored with nonstimulant medications, not stimulants. Nonstimulants, not stimulants, may increase the risk of psychosis.
C) Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall), a psychostimulant, may delay the child's growth and height should be monitored frequently. Liver function should be monitored with nonstimulant medications, not stimulants. Nonstimulants, not stimulants, may increase the risk of psychosis.
D) Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall), a psychostimulant, may delay the child's growth and height should be monitored frequently. Liver function should be monitored with nonstimulant medications, not stimulants. Nonstimulants, not stimulants, may increase the risk of psychosis.

Question 9

While conducting a well-child assessment,the nurse suspects a 2-month-old has failure to thrive (FTT).Which height and weight measurement parameter should the nurse use to help diagnose this health problem?
A) Height and weight below the 50th percentile
B) Height and weight below the 15th percentile
C) Height and weight below the 5th percentile
D) Height and weight below the 10th percentile

Accepted Answer

A) A child whose weight and height fall below the 5th percentile is diagnosed with failure to thrive. The other percentiles-10th, 15th, and 50th-are higher than the correct percentile.
B) A child whose weight and height fall below the 5th percentile is diagnosed with failure to thrive. The other percentiles-10th, 15th, and 50th-are higher than the correct percentile.
C) A child whose weight and height fall below the 5th percentile is diagnosed with failure to thrive. The other percentiles-10th, 15th, and 50th-are higher than the correct percentile.
D) A child whose weight and height fall below the 5th percentile is diagnosed with failure to thrive. The other percentiles-10th, 15th, and 50th-are higher than the correct percentile.

Question 10

The nurse is planning care for a family with five children,one of whom is diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP_.The child is being cared for in the home,has a tracheostomy,and is on a home ventilator.Which should the nurse include in the plan of care for this family?
A) Meals-on-Wheels
B) Food stamps
C) Psychological counseling
D) Respite care

Accepted Answer

A) The family members will need breaks from caring for the child in order to provide time for themselves and the other children. Meals-on-Wheels is a service intended for those who are shut-ins. There is no evidence that the family is financially challenged and needs food stamps. Counseling is an option if and when the family shows signs of ineffective coping, which respite care is designed to help prevent.
B) The family members will need breaks from caring for the child in order to provide time for themselves and the other children. Meals-on-Wheels is a service intended for those who are shut-ins. There is no evidence that the family is financially challenged and needs food stamps. Counseling is an option if and when the family shows signs of ineffective coping, which respite care is designed to help prevent.
C) The family members will need breaks from caring for the child in order to provide time for themselves and the other children. Meals-on-Wheels is a service intended for those who are shut-ins. There is no evidence that the family is financially challenged and needs food stamps. Counseling is an option if and when the family shows signs of ineffective coping, which respite care is designed to help prevent.
D) The family members will need breaks from caring for the child in order to provide time for themselves and the other children. Meals-on-Wheels is a service intended for those who are shut-ins. There is no evidence that the family is financially challenged and needs food stamps. Counseling is an option if and when the family shows signs of ineffective coping, which respite care is designed to help prevent.

Question 11

The mother of a young child with cerebral palsy (CP)is pregnant and asks if the second child will be diagnosed with the same disorder.What risk factors for CP should the nurse explain to the mother? Select all that apply.
A) Father over the age of 20
B) Child has meningitis at birth
C) First-born child
D) Mother's age of 42
E) Child is 9 pounds at birth

Accepted Answer

A) Neonatal sepsis and being the first-born child are risk factors for the development of CP. The father's age of 20 years or less is also a risk. The infant may be at risk if the mother is under 20 or over 40. The low-birth-weight infant is at risk for CP.
B) Neonatal sepsis and being the first-born child are risk factors for the development of CP. The father's age of 20 years or less is also a risk. The infant may be at risk if the mother is under 20 or over 40. The low-birth-weight infant is at risk for CP.
C) Neonatal sepsis and being the first-born child are risk factors for the development of CP. The father's age of 20 years or less is also a risk. The infant may be at risk if the mother is under 20 or over 40. The low-birth-weight infant is at risk for CP.
D) Neonatal sepsis and being the first-born child are risk factors for the development of CP. The father's age of 20 years or less is also a risk. The infant may be at risk if the mother is under 20 or over 40. The low-birth-weight infant is at risk for CP.
E) Neonatal sepsis and being the first-born child are risk factors for the development of CP. The father's age of 20 years or less is also a risk. The infant may be at risk if the mother is under 20 or over 40. The low-birth-weight infant is at risk for CP.

Question 12

A nurse is caring for a newborn who is suspected of having cerebral palsy (CP).Which should the nurse recognize is the most common cause of cerebral palsy?
A) Injury to the developing neurotransmitters in fetuses and premature infants
B) Decreased levels of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in fetuses and premature infants
C) Increased levels of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in fetuses and premature infants
D) Injury to the immature periventricular white matter in fetuses and premature infants

Accepted Answer

A) Injury to the immature periventricular white matter in fetuses and premature infants is the most common cause of cerebral palsy. Although the other choices will likely cause problems in the fetus, they are not the most common causes of cerebral palsy.
B) Injury to the immature periventricular white matter in fetuses and premature infants is the most common cause of cerebral palsy. Although the other choices will likely cause problems in the fetus, they are not the most common causes of cerebral palsy.
C) Injury to the immature periventricular white matter in fetuses and premature infants is the most common cause of cerebral palsy. Although the other choices will likely cause problems in the fetus, they are not the most common causes of cerebral palsy.
D) Injury to the immature periventricular white matter in fetuses and premature infants is the most common cause of cerebral palsy. Although the other choices will likely cause problems in the fetus, they are not the most common causes of cerebral palsy.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a child newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which is the most appropriate overall outcome for this child?
A) To function more effectively in social and emotional interactions
B) To stay on task
C) To acknowledge the effects of one's own behavior on others
D) To acknowledge personal strengths

Accepted Answer

A) Autism spectrum disorders involve difficulties in the quality of both the social interaction and the communication of the child. In social interaction, the child may have problems making eye contact, fail to develop appropriate peer relationships, fail to spontaneously seek out shared enjoyment with other people, or show no social or emotional reciprocity. Children with spectrum disorders may or may not be able to acknowledge the effects of their behavior on others, stay on task, or acknowledge personal strengths.
B) Autism spectrum disorders involve difficulties in the quality of both the social interaction and the communication of the child. In social interaction, the child may have problems making eye contact, fail to develop appropriate peer relationships, fail to spontaneously seek out shared enjoyment with other people, or show no social or emotional reciprocity. Children with spectrum disorders may or may not be able to acknowledge the effects of their behavior on others, stay on task, or acknowledge personal strengths.
C) Autism spectrum disorders involve difficulties in the quality of both the social interaction and the communication of the child. In social interaction, the child may have problems making eye contact, fail to develop appropriate peer relationships, fail to spontaneously seek out shared enjoyment with other people, or show no social or emotional reciprocity. Children with spectrum disorders may or may not be able to acknowledge the effects of their behavior on others, stay on task, or acknowledge personal strengths.
D) Autism spectrum disorders involve difficulties in the quality of both the social interaction and the communication of the child. In social interaction, the child may have problems making eye contact, fail to develop appropriate peer relationships, fail to spontaneously seek out shared enjoyment with other people, or show no social or emotional reciprocity. Children with spectrum disorders may or may not be able to acknowledge the effects of their behavior on others, stay on task, or acknowledge personal strengths.

Question 14

The nurse caring for a child recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP)is discussing the plan of care with the parents.Which is the major goal of therapy for this child?
A) Promoting optimal global development
B) Increasing the child's IQ level
C) Reversing the degenerative processes that have occurred
D) Curing the underlying defect

Accepted Answer

A) Promoting optimal development in all areas is the goal of therapy with children with CP. CP is caused by a probable brain insult and cannot be cured. Most children with CP have normal IQs, but they might have behavior or perceptual problems. CP is caused by an irreversible brain insult.
B) Promoting optimal development in all areas is the goal of therapy with children with CP. CP is caused by a probable brain insult and cannot be cured. Most children with CP have normal IQs, but they might have behavior or perceptual problems. CP is caused by an irreversible brain insult.
C) Promoting optimal development in all areas is the goal of therapy with children with CP. CP is caused by a probable brain insult and cannot be cured. Most children with CP have normal IQs, but they might have behavior or perceptual problems. CP is caused by an irreversible brain insult.
D) Promoting optimal development in all areas is the goal of therapy with children with CP. CP is caused by a probable brain insult and cannot be cured. Most children with CP have normal IQs, but they might have behavior or perceptual problems. CP is caused by an irreversible brain insult.

Question 15

The nurse is caring for 9-month-old client diagnosed with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP).Which clinical manifestations does the nurse expect when assessing this client? Select all that apply.
A) Muscle instability
B) Hypotonia
C) Hemiplegia
D) Hypertonia
E) Tremors

Accepted Answer

A) Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
B) Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
C) Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
D) Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.
E) Hypotonia in infancy and muscle instability are seen in ataxic CP. Hemiplegia and hypertonia are seen in spastic CP. Tremors and exaggerated posturing are seen in dyskinetic CP. Hypertonia and persistent primitive reflexes are seen in spastic CP.

Question 16

A pediatric nurse is performing an assessment on a toddler who is suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD? When assessing the child's health history,which question to the parents would not provide adequate information to appropriately assess the toddler for this disorder?
A) "Does your child have manic or depressed episodes?"
B) "Tell me about your child's social interactions."
C) "Does your child perform ritualistic behaviors when performing activities?"
D) "Is your child able to name objects?"

Accepted Answer

A) Manic or depressed episodes are characteristics of bipolar disorder, not autism. Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments: social isolation, communication impairment, and strange repetitive behaviors.
B) Manic or depressed episodes are characteristics of bipolar disorder, not autism. Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments: social isolation, communication impairment, and strange repetitive behaviors.
C) Manic or depressed episodes are characteristics of bipolar disorder, not autism. Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments: social isolation, communication impairment, and strange repetitive behaviors.
D) Manic or depressed episodes are characteristics of bipolar disorder, not autism. Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments: social isolation, communication impairment, and strange repetitive behaviors.

Question 17

The nurse assesses several infants during well-baby checkups.Which statement made by a parent would cause the nurse to suspect that the infant may have cerebral palsy (CP)?
A) "My 6-month-old baby is rolling from back to prone now."
B) "My 8-month-old cannot sit without support."
C) "My 10-month-old is not walking."
D) "My 3-month-old smiles at me all the time."

Accepted Answer

A) Children with cerebral palsy are delayed in meeting developmental milestones. The infant who fails to sit unassisted at 8 months of age is showing a delay. A baby rolls over from back to prone at 6 months, smiles socially at 6 weeks, and walks at 12 months.
B) Children with cerebral palsy are delayed in meeting developmental milestones. The infant who fails to sit unassisted at 8 months of age is showing a delay. A baby rolls over from back to prone at 6 months, smiles socially at 6 weeks, and walks at 12 months.
C) Children with cerebral palsy are delayed in meeting developmental milestones. The infant who fails to sit unassisted at 8 months of age is showing a delay. A baby rolls over from back to prone at 6 months, smiles socially at 6 weeks, and walks at 12 months.
D) Children with cerebral palsy are delayed in meeting developmental milestones. The infant who fails to sit unassisted at 8 months of age is showing a delay. A baby rolls over from back to prone at 6 months, smiles socially at 6 weeks, and walks at 12 months.

Question 18

The parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)asks why family therapy has been prescribed.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A) "Family therapy will help you learn how to assess the child's potential."
B) "Family therapy will provide the child with an opportunity to learn problem-solving skills."
C) "Family therapy will help you interact with your child."
D) "Family therapy will help you learn how to cope with your situation."

Accepted Answer

A) Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them face reality through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.
B) Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them face reality through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.
C) Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them face reality through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.
D) Parents of children with autism report more family problems, more marital problems, more depression, and more social isolation than parents of typically developing children or parents of children who are severely and persistently mentally ill. Family therapy will help them face reality through the problem-solving process. The other responses are important interventions for the child but are not the goal of family therapy.

Question 19

A nurse is caring for a toddler client whose parent suspects may have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Which statements does the nurse know to be true regarding diagnosis criteria for ADHD? Select all that apply.
A) Children must have 3 or more symptoms that have persisted for 3 or more months with negative impacts.
B) Children must have 6 or more symptoms that have persisted for 6 or more months with negative impacts.
C) Children with learning disabilities are often misdiagnosed as having ADHD.
D) Diagnostic criteria for ADHD are nonspecific and vary with every child.
E) Children must have a physical examination prior to the diagnosis of ADHD to rule out other diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, the child age 17 and younger must have 6 or more symptoms that have persisted for 6 or more months with negative impacts. Children with learning disabilities are often misdiagnosed as having ADHD. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD are specific and standard with every child. Children must have a physical examination prior to the diagnosis of ADHD to rule out other diseases.
B) In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, the child age 17 and younger must have 6 or more symptoms that have persisted for 6 or more months with negative impacts. Children with learning disabilities are often misdiagnosed as having ADHD. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD are specific and standard with every child. Children must have a physical examination prior to the diagnosis of ADHD to rule out other diseases.
C) In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, the child age 17 and younger must have 6 or more symptoms that have persisted for 6 or more months with negative impacts. Children with learning disabilities are often misdiagnosed as having ADHD. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD are specific and standard with every child. Children must have a physical examination prior to the diagnosis of ADHD to rule out other diseases.
D) In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, the child age 17 and younger must have 6 or more symptoms that have persisted for 6 or more months with negative impacts. Children with learning disabilities are often misdiagnosed as having ADHD. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD are specific and standard with every child. Children must have a physical examination prior to the diagnosis of ADHD to rule out other diseases.
E) In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, the child age 17 and younger must have 6 or more symptoms that have persisted for 6 or more months with negative impacts. Children with learning disabilities are often misdiagnosed as having ADHD. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD are specific and standard with every child. Children must have a physical examination prior to the diagnosis of ADHD to rule out other diseases.

Question 20

A child with cerebral palsy (CP)is scheduled for casting of the lower extremities.When instruction the parents for the purpose of the casts,which will the nurse include in the teaching session? Select all that apply.
A) Promote skeletal alignment
B) Maintain stability
C) Improve muscle tone
D) Improve muscle function
E) Control involuntary movements

Accepted Answer

A) Serial casting is used to promote skeletal alignment, maintain stability, and control involuntary movements. Serial casting will not improve muscle tone or function.
B) Serial casting is used to promote skeletal alignment, maintain stability, and control involuntary movements. Serial casting will not improve muscle tone or function.
C) Serial casting is used to promote skeletal alignment, maintain stability, and control involuntary movements. Serial casting will not improve muscle tone or function.
D) Serial casting is used to promote skeletal alignment, maintain stability, and control involuntary movements. Serial casting will not improve muscle tone or function.
E) Serial casting is used to promote skeletal alignment, maintain stability, and control involuntary movements. Serial casting will not improve muscle tone or function.

Quiz 25: Development

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who is being admitted to the hospital with dehydration.Which action by the nurse is appropriate when the child arrives to the care area?

After completing an assessment,the nurse is concerned that a pregnant client is at risk for having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) .Which characteristics should the nurse recognize as increasing the risk for having a child with ASD? Select all that apply.

A community health nurse is educating pregnant clients about the prenatal causes and risk factors associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .Which statement will the nurse include in the educational session?

The nurse is caring for a client prescribed baclofen (Lioresal) for cerebral palsy (CP) .The client's parents speak very little English and the nurse plans to use an interpreter to teach the parents about the medication.Which instructions should the nurse emphasize during client teaching?

The nurse is planning care for a child who is diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) .What are appropriate nursing diagnoses for this child? Select all that apply.

A nurse working in labor and delivery is teaching a group of pregnant clients about maternal risk factors associated with increased risk of the development of cerebral palsy (CP) .Which statements will the nurse include? Select all that apply.

The parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) observe that the child has difficulty making friends and are concerned about social expectations for their child.Which is the priority diagnosis for this child based on the parent's concern?

While conducting a well-child assessment,the nurse suspects a 2-month-old has failure to thrive (FTT) .Which height and weight measurement parameter should the nurse use to help diagnose this health problem?

The nurse is planning care for a family with five children,one of whom is diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP_.The child is being cared for in the home,has a tracheostomy,and is on a home ventilator.Which should the nurse include in the plan of care for this family?

The mother of a young child with cerebral palsy (CP) is pregnant and asks if the second child will be diagnosed with the same disorder.What risk factors for CP should the nurse explain to the mother? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for a newborn who is suspected of having cerebral palsy (CP) .Which should the nurse recognize is the most common cause of cerebral palsy?

The nurse is caring for a child newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) .Which is the most appropriate overall outcome for this child?

The nurse caring for a child recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) is discussing the plan of care with the parents.Which is the major goal of therapy for this child?

The nurse is caring for 9-month-old client diagnosed with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP) .Which clinical manifestations does the nurse expect when assessing this client? Select all that apply.

A pediatric nurse is performing an assessment on a toddler who is suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD? When assessing the child's health history,which question to the parents would not provide adequate information to appropriately assess the toddler for this disorder?

The nurse assesses several infants during well-baby checkups.Which statement made by a parent would cause the nurse to suspect that the infant may have cerebral palsy (CP) ?

The parent of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) asks why family therapy has been prescribed.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A nurse is caring for a toddler client whose parent suspects may have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .Which statements does the nurse know to be true regarding diagnosis criteria for ADHD? Select all that apply.

A child with cerebral palsy (CP) is scheduled for casting of the lower extremities.When instruction the parents for the purpose of the casts,which will the nurse include in the teaching session? Select all that apply.