Question 1

The concept criminal recidivism refers to
A) young people growing up in a criminal environment.
B) efforts by police to enlist help from people in a local community.
C) later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
D) the idea that crime does "pay."

Accepted Answer

Criminal recidivism refers to later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.

Question 2

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation.This sentence reflects a policy called
A) parole.
B) shock probation.
C) rehabilitation.
D) extended lockup.

Accepted Answer

This sentence reflects a policy called shock probation, which involves sentencing an offender to a short time in prison followed by probation as a way to shock them into realizing the consequences of their actions and encouraging rehabilitation.

Question 3

Define due process, plea bargaining, and community-based corrections.

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish
A) deterrence.
B) retribution.
C) social protection.
D) rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

Deterrence aims to prevent future offenses by instilling fear of punishment. When a parent threatens a child with punishment to discourage wrongdoing, he/she is attempting to deter the child from repeating the behavior. The other options do not fit the scenario as retribution focuses on paying for the wrongdoing already done, social protection in protecting society from future wrongdoings and rehabilitation is focused on providing correctional facilities for offenders to make them better individuals.

Question 5

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police
A) ignore most crimes they learn about.
B) work, on average, many more hours than other workers.
C) cannot take time to ensure due process for most suspects.
D) use discretion in deciding which situations warrant their attention.

Accepted Answer

With limited resources, police often use discretion to prioritize which situations and crimes to focus on. They must balance the urgency and severity of a situation with the resources available to them. This often means that lower priority crimes may not receive the same level of attention as more serious crimes.

Question 6

A judge sentences a young man who has committed several crimes to counseling and places him in a supportive foster home.These efforts to prevent further wrongdoing are called
A) retribution.
B) deterrence.
C) social protection.
D) rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

The judge's decision to provide counseling and a supportive foster home is aimed at rehabilitating the young man, helping him to address the root causes of his criminal behavior and preventing him from committing further crimes. Choice A, retribution, refers to punishment for the sake of revenge or payback, while choice B, deterrence, involves using punishment as a means to discourage others from committing similar crimes. Choice C, social protection, refers to measures taken to prevent harm to the wider community, such as by incarcerating dangerous criminals.

Question 7

List the crimes against the person and crimes against property tracked by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.Which type of crime is more common?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Identify four justifications for punishment.Do you think punishment accomplishes each of these goals? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Why did Emile Durkheim claim that deviance was "normal"? List four ways in which deviance is functional for society, according to Durkheim.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Explain how age, gender, and social class are correlated with official arrest data.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

What is the medicalization of deviance? Give an example of a behavior that people once understood in moral terms and now is understood in medical terms.What difference does it make if people use moral or medical terms to define deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the United States are resolved
A) through plea bargaining.
B) with a judge dismissing all charges.
C) with convictions after a courtroom trial.
D) with a suspect being convicted and sentenced to prison.

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, about 97% of federal cases and 94% of state cases end in plea bargains. This means that the majority of criminal cases in the United States are resolved through plea bargaining.

Question 13

What are several criticisms made by feminism of the way our society understands deviance?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

What is criminal recidivism? Why do you think our society has such a high rate of recidivism?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

The concept of due process refers to
A) the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of the law.
B) the idea that people get what they deserve.
C) the process of plea bargaining.
D) the obligation of all citizens to report crime.

Accepted Answer

Due process refers to the idea that the criminal justice system must operate within the bounds of the law and ensure that individuals are treated fairly and impartially. This includes protecting individuals from unjustified government actions and ensuring that individuals receive a fair trial with all the protections afforded to them under the law.

Question 16

Reducing prison overcrowding, the costs of dealing with offenders, and helping offenders avoid the stigma of incarceration are all advantages of
A) societal protection.
B) criminal recidivism.
C) the death penalty.
D) community-based corrections.

Accepted Answer

Community-based corrections, such as probation or house arrest, allow offenders to remain a part of their community while serving their sentence, reducing prison overcrowding and costs. It also helps offenders avoid the stigma of incarceration which can make it difficult for them to reintegrate into society. Option A is incorrect as societal protection refers to the protection of society from crime through law enforcement and punishment. Option B is incorrect as criminal recidivism refers to the likelihood of someone committing another crime after being released from prison. Option C is incorrect as the death penalty is a highly controversial form of punishment with no conclusive evidence of its effectiveness in reducing crime or recidivism.

Question 17

According to Elliot Currie, factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by world standards include
A) our cultural homogeneity.
B) a lack of interest in punishing offenders.
C) the high level of immigration.
D) our emphasis on individual economic success, which weakens the social fabric.

Accepted Answer

According to Elliot Currie, the high crime rate in the United States by world standards is partly due to our emphasis on individual economic success, which weakens the social fabric.

Question 18

Define each of the following: white-collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, and hate crime.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Explain the difference between primary and secondary deviance.Give an example of each type of deviance.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Looking back in history, the oldest justification for punishing an offender is
A) deterrence.
B) retribution.
C) social protection.
D) rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

Retribution is the oldest justification for punishing an offender, dating back to the ancient Babylonian Code of Hammurabi in 1754 BCE. It involves punishing an offender as a form of vengeance or retribution for their crime, rather than with the aim of rehabilitating or deterring them.

Quiz 7: Deviance

The concept criminal recidivism refers to

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation.This sentence reflects a policy called

Define due process, plea bargaining, and community-based corrections.

If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police

A judge sentences a young man who has committed several crimes to counseling and places him in a supportive foster home.These efforts to prevent further wrongdoing are called

List the crimes against the person and crimes against property tracked by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.Which type of crime is more common?

Identify four justifications for punishment.Do you think punishment accomplishes each of these goals? Why or why not?

Why did Emile Durkheim claim that deviance was "normal"? List four ways in which deviance is functional for society, according to Durkheim.

Explain how age, gender, and social class are correlated with official arrest data.

What is the medicalization of deviance? Give an example of a behavior that people once understood in moral terms and now is understood in medical terms.What difference does it make if people use moral or medical terms to define deviant behavior?

Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the United States are resolved

What are several criticisms made by feminism of the way our society understands deviance?

What is criminal recidivism? Why do you think our society has such a high rate of recidivism?

The concept of due process refers to

Reducing prison overcrowding, the costs of dealing with offenders, and helping offenders avoid the stigma of incarceration are all advantages of

According to Elliot Currie, factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by world standards include

Define each of the following: white-collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, and hate crime.

Explain the difference between primary and secondary deviance.Give an example of each type of deviance.

Looking back in history, the oldest justification for punishing an offender is